Systems

15 pages, 694 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Intelligent Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System for Modeling Time-Series Customer Satisfaction in Product Design

by Huimin Jiang, Farzad Sabetzadeh and Chen Zhang

Systems 2024, 12(6), 224; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12060224 - 20 Jun 2024

Viewed by 312

In previous research on the development of the relationships between product attributes and customer satisfaction, the models did not adequately consider nonlinearity and the fuzzy emotions of customers in online reviews. Also, stable customer satisfaction was considered. However, customer satisfaction is changing with [...] Read more.

In previous research on the development of the relationships between product attributes and customer satisfaction, the models did not adequately consider nonlinearity and the fuzzy emotions of customers in online reviews. Also, stable customer satisfaction was considered. However, customer satisfaction is changing with time rapidly, and a time-series analysis for customer satisfaction has not been conducted previously. To address these challenges, this study designed a novel methodology using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) in conjunction with Bi-objective particle swarm optimization (BOPSO) and sentiment analysis techniques. Sentiment analysis is employed to extract time-series customer satisfaction data from online reviews. Then, an ANFIS with the BOPSO method is proposed for the establishment of customer satisfaction models. In previous studies, ANFIS is an effective method to model customer satisfaction which can handle fuzziness and nonlinearity. However, when dealing with a large number of inputs, the modeling process may fail due to the complexity of the structure and the lengthy computational time required. Incorporating the BOPSO algorithm into ANFIS can identify the optimal inputs in ANFIS and effectively mitigate the inherent limitations of ANFIS. Using mobile phones as a case study, a comparison was performed between the proposed approach and another four approaches in modeling time-series customer satisfaction. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Value Assessment of Product Service System Design)

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32 pages, 1407 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of Digital Transformation on the Global Value Chain Position of the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area

by Xiumin Li and Minshan Tan

Systems 2024, 12(6), 223; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12060223 - 20 Jun 2024

Viewed by 343

Abstract

When considering the economic growth of the Greater Bay Area, digital transformation stands out as a crucial catalyst. Given its significance, it is imperative to delve into both the theoretical and empirical aspects of how digital transformation affects the region’s position in the [...] Read more.

When considering the economic growth of the Greater Bay Area, digital transformation stands out as a crucial catalyst. Given its significance, it is imperative to delve into both the theoretical and empirical aspects of how digital transformation affects the region’s position in the global value chain. Theoretical hypotheses are put forward regarding the impact and mechanisms of digital transformation on the global value chain position of the Greater Bay Area based on a global value chain perspective. A three-tier nested input–output table that incorporates the Greater Bay Area is constructed, and trade decomposition and global value chain position measurement models specific to the area are developed for analyzing its current state in terms of global value chain position. Empirical testing was conducted to examine how digital transformation impacts this position. Digital transformation will significantly enhance the position of the Greater Bay Area in the division of global value chains, mainly through enhancing technological innovation transformation capabilities and value added by exports from the Greater Bay Area. Digital transformation within the Greater Bay Area has had a more substantial positive impact than the digital transformation in other provinces in China and digital transformation from foreign sources. In terms of city heterogeneity, it is evident that the global value chain from Hong Kong and Macao has experienced a more significant impact from digital transformation compared to cities in the Pearl River Delta. Therefore, the Greater Bay Area should increase the use of both digital transformation and differentiated use of digital transformation. PRD cities should actively learn from Hong Kong and Macao’s forms of digital construction and promote the Greater Bay Area’s global value chain status. Full article

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22 pages, 2623 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Research on Multistage Heterogeneous Information Fusion of Product Design Decision-Making Based on Axiomatic Design

by Yanpu Yang, Qiyuan Zuo, Kai Zhang, Xinran Li, Wenfeng Yu and Lijing Ji

Systems 2024, 12(6), 222; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12060222 - 20 Jun 2024

Viewed by 349

Abstract

The product design process, fraught with uncertainties and ambiguities in its requirements and constraints, commonly traverses multiple stages, each emphasizing distinct design aspects. This engenders heterogeneity in decision-making criteria, rendering the effective integration of information from various stages of product design decision-making (PDDM) [...] Read more.

The product design process, fraught with uncertainties and ambiguities in its requirements and constraints, commonly traverses multiple stages, each emphasizing distinct design aspects. This engenders heterogeneity in decision-making criteria, rendering the effective integration of information from various stages of product design decision-making (PDDM) a pivotal task in identifying the optimal design solution. Surprisingly, limited research has attended to the challenge of consolidating such heterogeneous information across multiple PDDM stages. To bridge this gap, our study employs real numbers, interval numbers, and linguistic terms to capture the heterogeneous judgments of decision-makers. We fuse the Maximization Deviation Method with the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) for determining indicators’ weights, while decision-makers’ weights are derived through a dual consideration of uncertainty measure using fuzzy entropy and a distance-minimization model applied to the PDDM matrix for achieving consistency. Leveraging the advantage of axiomatic design, product design alternatives are evaluated based on their PDDM information content of PDDM matrices. Given the multistage nature of product design, stages’ weights are computed by assessing the information content and consistency degree of PDDM matrices at each stage. Ultimately, our approach achieves multistage heterogeneous decision-making fusion in product design through information axiom weighting. A case study involving the decision-making process for a specific numerical control machine design illustrates the efficacy of our method in integrating multistage heterogeneous PDDM data, yielding a comprehensive perspective on the viability of product design schemes. Results show that the ranking sequence of the product design schemes solidifies to x₃ > x₂ > x₁ in stages 2 and 3 of PDDM, diverging from the initial order observed in stage 1 (x₂ > x₃ > x₁), while the fused result from the multistage heterogeneous PDDM analysis aligns with the later stages’ rankings, indicating the credibility and persuasiveness are fortified. This methodology thus offers a robust framework for synthesizing and navigating the uncertainties and complexities inherent in multistage heterogeneous PDDM contexts. Full article

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18 pages, 2925 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Variable Neighborhood Search for Minimizing the Makespan in a Uniform Parallel Machine Scheduling

by Khaled Bamatraf and Anis Gharbi

Systems 2024, 12(6), 221; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12060221 - 20 Jun 2024

Viewed by 461

Abstract

This paper investigates a uniform parallel machine scheduling problem for makespan minimization. Due to the problem’s NP-hardness, much effort from researchers has been directed toward proposing heuristic and metaheuristic algorithms that can find an optimal or a near-optimal solution in a reasonable amount [...] Read more.

This paper investigates a uniform parallel machine scheduling problem for makespan minimization. Due to the problem’s NP-hardness, much effort from researchers has been directed toward proposing heuristic and metaheuristic algorithms that can find an optimal or a near-optimal solution in a reasonable amount of time. This work proposes two versions of a variable neighborhood search (VNS) algorithm with five neighborhood structures, differing in their initial solution generation strategy. The first uses the longest processing time (LPT) rule, while the second introduces a novel element by utilizing a randomized longest processing time (RLPT) rule. The neighborhood structures for both versions were modified from the literature to account for the variable processing times in uniform parallel machines. We evaluated the performance of both VNS versions using a numerical example, comparing them against a genetic algorithm and a tabu search from existing literature. Results showed that the proposed VNS algorithms were competitive and obtained the optimal solution with much less effort. Additionally, we assessed the performance of the VNS algorithms on randomly generated instances. For small-sized instances, we compared their performance against the optimal solution obtained from a mathematical formulation, and against lower bounds derived from the literature for larger instances. Computational results showed that the VNS version with the randomized LPT rule (RLPT) as the initial solution (RVNS) outperformed that with the LPT rule as the initial solution (LVNS). Moreover, RVNS found the optimal solution in 90.19% of the small instances and yielded an average relative gap of about 0.15% for all cases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management and Simulation of Digitalized Smart Manufacturing Systems)

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45 pages, 5733 KiB

Open AccessReview

Business Resilience for Small and Medium Enterprises and Startups by Digital Transformation and the Role of Marketing Capabilities—A Systematic Review

by Hamed Hokmabadi, Seyed M. H. S. Rezvani and Celso Augusto de Matos

Systems 2024, 12(6), 220; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12060220 - 20 Jun 2024

Viewed by 512

Abstract

This study investigates the intersection of digital transformation, business resilience, and marketing capabilities, focusing on small businesses and startups. The digital revolution has significantly transformed business operations, supply chain management, and overall organizational performance. Conducted following PRISMA guidelines, this systematic literature review used [...] Read more.

This study investigates the intersection of digital transformation, business resilience, and marketing capabilities, focusing on small businesses and startups. The digital revolution has significantly transformed business operations, supply chain management, and overall organizational performance. Conducted following PRISMA guidelines, this systematic literature review used the Scopus database, refining an initial 247 documents to 51 relevant studies. Key trends include the vital role of digital transformation in enhancing resilience, the use of emerging technologies for sustainable supply chains, and the importance of digital skills and knowledge management. Research highlights the implications of digital marketing and e-commerce adoption for SMEs, revealing the need for firms to develop dynamic capabilities to thrive in turbulent environments. However, gaps remain, such as understanding the long-term impacts of digital transformation, the interactions between digital maturity, innovation, and sustainability, and the necessity for comparative studies across industries and regions. Additionally, investigating how marketing capabilities contribute to resilience is essential, enabling small businesses and startups to withstand and recover from disruptions. Addressing these trends and gaps will enhance our understanding of digital transformation’s multifaceted implications for SMEs and startups, helping them leverage marketing capabilities to navigate challenges and seize opportunities in the digital era. Full article

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33 pages, 6766 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Forecasting Retail Sales for Furniture and Furnishing Items through the Employment of Multiple Linear Regression and Holt–Winters Models

by Melike Nur İnce and Çağatay Taşdemir

Systems 2024, 12(6), 219; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12060219 - 19 Jun 2024

Viewed by 291

Abstract

Global economic growth, marked by rising GDP and population, has spurred demand for essential goods including furniture. This study presents a comprehensive demand forecasting analysis for retail furniture sales in the U.S. for the next 36 months using Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) and [...] Read more.

Global economic growth, marked by rising GDP and population, has spurred demand for essential goods including furniture. This study presents a comprehensive demand forecasting analysis for retail furniture sales in the U.S. for the next 36 months using Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) and Holt–Winters methods. Leveraging retail sales data from 2019 to 2023, alongside key influencing factors such as furniture imports, consumer sentiment, and housing starts, we developed two predictive models. The results indicated that retail furniture sales exhibited strong seasonality and a positive trend, with the lowest forecasted demand in April 2024 (USD 9118 million) and the highest in December 2026 (USD 13,577 million). The average annual demand for 2024, 2025, and 2026 is projected at USD 12,122.5 million, USD 12,522.67 million, and USD 12,922.17 million, respectively, based on MLR, while Holt–Winters results are slightly more conservative. The models were compared using the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) metric, with the MLR model yielding a MAPE of 3.47% and the Holt–Winters model achieving a MAPE of 4.21%. The study’s findings align with global market projections and highlight the growing demand trajectory in the U.S. furniture industry, providing valuable insights for strategic decision-making and operations management. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Supply Chain Management)

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24 pages, 6340 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Towards Assessing the Economic Sustainability of Reconfigurable Modularization in Semi-Automatic Assembly Systems: A System Dynamics Perspective

by Gary Linnéusson and Simon Boldt

Systems 2024, 12(6), 218; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12060218 - 19 Jun 2024

Viewed by 284

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the economic sustainability implications of reconfigurable modularization and changeability in semi-automatic assembly systems using a system dynamics perspective. Through our applied research, using a multiple case study approach, we assess the potential and drawbacks of [...] Read more.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the economic sustainability implications of reconfigurable modularization and changeability in semi-automatic assembly systems using a system dynamics perspective. Through our applied research, using a multiple case study approach, we assess the potential and drawbacks of reconfigurable modularization to advance sustainable practices in the manufacturing industry with the purpose of improving overall long-term resource allocation in product realization processes. The traditional approach of developing and industrializing one product at a time is becoming obsolete due to factors such as more frequent product introductions, technological innovations, and sustainability requirements. This is due to the increasing trends of product variety and customization, which often necessitate costly modifications to production systems throughout their life cycles. To address these challenges, scholars advocate for the adoption of reconfigurable modular architectures in product and production system designs, facilitated through product platforming. However, when it comes to studies of the long-term economic impacts from the effects in operations, meaning the economic sustainability implications for the production system throughout its life cycle, there is limited research examining the economic rationale for this approach. Therefore, this paper proposes a systematic examination of the economic sustainability implications of reconfigurable modularization in semi-automatic assembly systems using a system dynamics perspective. By leveraging a system dynamics simulation, we structure and investigate the potential economic short- and long-term tradeoffs between the benefits and drawbacks of reconfigurable modularization derived from empirical findings across four case studies. The novelty of this study highlights not only the investment costs and related engineering implications and their costs but also the estimated operation costs encompassing multiple product introductions expected during the life cycle of a production system. We believe that such an approach offers valuable insights into how reconfigurable modularization can be useful from an economic sustainability viewpoint within semi-automatic assembly systems, thereby contributing to the ongoing industrial transformation towards sustainability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advanced Systems Engineering: Theory and Applications, 2nd Volume)

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33 pages, 4665 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Study on the Willingness of “Generation Z” Consumers to Use Online Virtual Try-On Shopping Services Based on the S-O-R Framework

by Zhicheng Wang and Qianling Jiang

Systems 2024, 12(6), 217; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12060217 - 18 Jun 2024

Viewed by 214

Abstract

Virtual try-on services, which significantly reduce return rates and enhance user shopping experiences, pose a crucial question: how can user willingness to use these services be increased? Additionally, “Generation Z” consumers, known for their unique traits and significant consumption potential, have been relatively [...] Read more.

Virtual try-on services, which significantly reduce return rates and enhance user shopping experiences, pose a crucial question: how can user willingness to use these services be increased? Additionally, “Generation Z” consumers, known for their unique traits and significant consumption potential, have been relatively understudied in this context. To address this theoretical gap, this study employs the Stimulus–Organism–Response (S-O-R) theory as its research framework, using online virtual shoe try-on services as a case study. Focusing on “Generation Z” consumers, this study utilizes literature review, user research, factor analysis, and linear regression to establish a user experience evaluation scale and behavior model. The user experience evaluation scale identifies positive elements such as convenience, price value, visual information acquisition, emotional value, and social interaction. The negative elements include technical limitations, personalized service deficiencies, and uncertainty. In the behavior model, all elements influence user attitudes. Notably, only the negative elements directly affect users’ willingness to use the service, except social interaction among the positive elements, which positively impacts usage intention. This study also reveals that “Generation Z” consumers have novel requirements for social interaction. This research effectively addresses existing theoretical gaps and provides a foundational theory for the development of related services and technologies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Value Assessment of Product Service System Design)

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27 pages, 2672 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Integrating Trade-In Strategies for Optimal Pre-Positioning Decisions in Relief Supply-Chain Systems

by Yingjie Ju, Hanping Hou, Jianliang Yang, Yuheng Ren and Jimei Yang

Systems 2024, 12(6), 216; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12060216 - 18 Jun 2024

Viewed by 223

Abstract

This paper delves into optimizing the rotation of relief supplies within the relief supply chain system, concentrating on reserve quantity decisions for governments and humanitarian organizations involved in disaster response. By integrating a trade-in strategy with suppliers, it ensures a precise and timely [...] Read more.

This paper delves into optimizing the rotation of relief supplies within the relief supply chain system, concentrating on reserve quantity decisions for governments and humanitarian organizations involved in disaster response. By integrating a trade-in strategy with suppliers, it ensures a precise and timely response to the fluctuating demand for relief supplies post-disaster. Utilizing the newsvendor model, optimization theory, and supply chain coordination principles, we developed a comprehensive model that calculates optimal reserve quantities for pre-positioning demanders. It also outlines the expected profit function for suppliers and a robust supply chain coordination model. The findings highlight that optimal stockpiling decisions for relief supplies are heavily influenced by cost parameters, material characteristics, and the relationship between trade-in pricing and market resale values. Notably, higher trade-in prices generally reduce the government’s optimal reserve quantities, impacting strategic decisions within supply chain coordination. This research adds to disaster management literature by offering strategic insights into how coordination and pricing strategies can improve disaster preparedness and response efficiency and effectiveness. Full article

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29 pages, 5960 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Strategies for Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain in Organizational Contexts: Pre- and Post-Disaster Management Perspectives

by Amir Aghsami, Simintaj Sharififar, Nader Markazi Moghaddam, Ebrahim Hazrati, Fariborz Jolai and Reza Yazdani

Systems 2024, 12(6), 215; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12060215 - 18 Jun 2024

Viewed by 644

Abstract

Every organization typically comprises various internal components, including regional branches, operations centers/field offices, major transportation hubs, and operational units, among others, housing a population susceptible to disaster impacts. Moreover, organizations often possess resources such as staff, various vehicles, and medical facilities, which can [...] Read more.

Every organization typically comprises various internal components, including regional branches, operations centers/field offices, major transportation hubs, and operational units, among others, housing a population susceptible to disaster impacts. Moreover, organizations often possess resources such as staff, various vehicles, and medical facilities, which can mitigate human casualties and address needs across affected areas. However, despite the importance of managing disasters within organizational networks, there remains a research gap in the development of mathematical models for such scenarios, specifically incorporating operations centers/field offices and external stakeholders as relief centers. Addressing this gap, this study examines an optimization model for both before and after disaster planning in a humanitarian supply chain and logistical framework within an organization. The affected areas are defined as regional branches, operational units, major transportation hubs, operations centers/field offices, external stakeholders, and medical facilities. A mixed-integer nonlinear model is formulated to minimize overall costs, considering factors such as penalty costs for untreated injuries and demand, delays in rescue and relief item distribution operations, and waiting costs for the injured in emergency medical vehicles and air ambulances. The model is implemented using GAMS software 47.1.0 for various test problems across different scales, with the Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm proposed for larger-scale scenarios. Numerical examples are provided to show the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed model and to validate the metaheuristic approach. Sensitivity analysis is conducted to assess the model’s performance under different conditions, and key managerial insights and implications are discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of System Engineering and Complex Theory in Transportation)

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19 pages, 2371 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Does Digital Village Construction Empower the Green Allocation of Agricultural Water Resources?

by Li Zhao, Haining Chen, Xuhui Ding and Yifan Chen

Systems 2024, 12(6), 214; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12060214 - 15 Jun 2024

Viewed by 318

Abstract

The development of digital villages plays a critical role in advancing green agriculture steadily and with high quality. This study measures the efficiency of agricultural water resource allocation using provincial-level rural data from 2011 to 2022 and a super Slacks-Based Measure model accounting [...] Read more.

The development of digital villages plays a critical role in advancing green agriculture steadily and with high quality. This study measures the efficiency of agricultural water resource allocation using provincial-level rural data from 2011 to 2022 and a super Slacks-Based Measure model accounting for non-desirable outputs. Using the ArcGIS tool, this study illustrates the spatiotemporal patterns and provincial clustering of the green allocation of agricultural water resources. A spatial Durbin model further examines interactions between digital villages and water resource efficiency. Findings indicate the following: (1) The green water resource efficiency in China’s 30 provinces showed a gradual, steady increase, albeit with notable regional differences, particularly a “northwestern depression” in spatial distribution. (2) Moran’s I index indicates a strong positive spatial correlation between digital villages and green water resource efficiency, manifested as either “high–high” or “low–low” clustering. (3) The spatial Durbin model results demonstrate that digital villages enhance the green water resource efficiency of neighboring areas, a phenomenon referred to as the “Matthew effect”. (4) Different aspects of digital village construction, operation, and lifestyle positively influence green water resource efficiency, while digital loops have a negative impact. Aligning resource allocation efficiency with the establishment of digital village infrastructure is paramount. This symbiotic relationship bolsters the structural foundation of agricultural production, optimizing resource utilization and fostering technological advancements in rural settings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Service Ecosystems: Resilience and Sustainability)

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17 pages, 780 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Systems Thinking Approach to Strategic Management

by Martin Kunc

Systems 2024, 12(6), 213; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12060213 - 15 Jun 2024

Viewed by 489

Abstract

This paper presents a review of the field of systems thinking and strategic management The evolution of the areas of interest between systems thinking and strategic management follows similar patterns with more prescriptive developments occurring within the 1960s until 1980s; then, an increasing [...] Read more.

This paper presents a review of the field of systems thinking and strategic management The evolution of the areas of interest between systems thinking and strategic management follows similar patterns with more prescriptive developments occurring within the 1960s until 1980s; then, an increasing focus on emergence and transformation emerged in later years. From the review, there seems to exist synergies between multiple strands in Systems Thinking and Strategic Management. Suggestions to facilitate the interaction between both fields are proposed, considering the type of processes to generate strategies and the perspectives employed to visualize the organizations as systems. Hopefully, the paper can contribute to embedding systemic approaches to the strategic management of organizations and society. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Systems Thinking Approach to Strategic Management)

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21 pages, 1726 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Modeling a Multimodal Routing Problem with Flexible Time Window in a Multi-Uncertainty Environment

by Yan Ge, Yan Sun and Chen Zhang

Systems 2024, 12(6), 212; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12060212 - 15 Jun 2024

Viewed by 351

Abstract

In this study, we extend the research on the multimodal routing problem by considering flexible time window and multi-uncertainty environment. A multi-uncertainty environment includes uncertainty regarding the demand for goods, the travel speed of the transportation mode, and the transfer time between different [...] Read more.

In this study, we extend the research on the multimodal routing problem by considering flexible time window and multi-uncertainty environment. A multi-uncertainty environment includes uncertainty regarding the demand for goods, the travel speed of the transportation mode, and the transfer time between different transportation modes. This environment further results in uncertainty regarding the delivery time of goods at their destination and the earliness and lateness caused by time window violations. This study adopts triangular fuzzy numbers to model the uncertain parameters and the resulting uncertain variables. Then, a fuzzy mixed integer nonlinear programming model is established to formulate the specific problem, including both fuzzy parameters and fuzzy variables. To make the problem easily solvable, this study employs chance-constrained programming and linearization to process the proposed model to obtain an equivalent credibilistic chance-constrained linear programming reformulation with an attainable global optimum solution. A numerical case study based on a commonly used multimodal network structure is presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method. Compared to hard and soft time windows, the numerical case analysis reveals the advantages of the flexible time window in reducing the total costs, avoiding low reliability regarding timeliness, and providing confidence level-sensitive route schemes to achieve flexible routing decision-making under uncertainty. Furthermore, the numerical case analysis verifies that it is necessary to model the multi-uncertainty environment to satisfy the improved customer requirements for timeliness and enhance the flexibility of the routing, and multimodal transportation is better than unimodal transportation when routing goods in an uncertain environment. The sensitivity analysis in the numerical case study shows the conflicting relationship between the economic objective and the reliability regarding the timeliness of the routing, and the result provides a reference for the customer to find a balance between them. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of System Engineering and Complex Theory in Transportation)

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24 pages, 1138 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Research on the Impact of Inter-Industry Innovation Networks on Collaborative Innovation Performance: A Case Study of Strategic Emerging Industries

by Jianbang Shi and Zhenhong Xiao

Systems 2024, 12(6), 211; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12060211 - 14 Jun 2024

Viewed by 348

Abstract

As global economic competition intensifies, collaborative innovation in strategic emerging industries has become a key factor in promoting economic growth and business development, attracting widespread attention. To delve into the mechanisms of collaborative innovation among China’s strategic emerging industries, this study employs a [...] Read more.

As global economic competition intensifies, collaborative innovation in strategic emerging industries has become a key factor in promoting economic growth and business development, attracting widespread attention. To delve into the mechanisms of collaborative innovation among China’s strategic emerging industries, this study employs a social network analysis. It investigates the characteristics of these industries by analyzing 8,775,496 invention patents, exploring the impact of inter-industry innovation networks on collaborative innovation. Furthermore, this study incorporates industry knowledge acquisition as a mediating variable and the network density within individual industries as a moderating variable, to more comprehensively explain this impact mechanism. We find that relational and structural embeddings within inter-industry innovation networks significantly positively affect collaborative innovation performance, highlighting the importance of partnerships and the critical role of network configurations. Additionally, the breadth and depth of knowledge acquisition mediate the relationship between relational embedding in inter-industry innovation networks and collaborative innovation performance, emphasizing the pivotal role of knowledge acquisition in fostering collaborative innovation. Lastly, the network density within individual industries positively moderates the relationships between both relational and structural embedding in inter-industry innovation networks and collaborative innovation performance, revealing specific impacts of both internal and external industry innovation network characteristics on collaborative innovation. These findings not only provide practical guidance for collaborative innovation across industries but also offer new insights and implications for policy-making and academic research. In future industrial development, special emphasis should be placed on establishing and maintaining partnerships, optimizing inter-industry innovation networks, and enhancing the breadth and depth of knowledge acquisition to foster sustainable development of collaborative innovation. This is crucial for enhancing corporate competitiveness, creating more job opportunities, and driving innovative economic development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research and Practices in Technological Innovation Management Systems)

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23 pages, 6573 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Public Policy on Agricultural Projects Assessing the Impact: A Hass Avocado Crop System Dynamics Applied Valuation

by Yesid Ediver Anacona-Mopan, Oscar Rubiano-Ovalle, Helmer Paz, Ana Luna, Andrés Felipe Solis Pino and Mario Chong

Systems 2024, 12(6), 210; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12060210 - 13 Jun 2024

Viewed by 467

Abstract

Colombia has positioned itself as a significant actor in Hass avocado production, capitalizing on the rising global demand and its suitable climate for the crop. These conditions have led to considerable investments from farmers. In this business environment, this research presents a systematic [...] Read more.

Colombia has positioned itself as a significant actor in Hass avocado production, capitalizing on the rising global demand and its suitable climate for the crop. These conditions have led to considerable investments from farmers. In this business environment, this research presents a systematic simulation and methodological approach for the evaluation of crops focusing on the Hass avocado and its extension to small-scale producers in Colombia. The initial phase involved a comprehensive analysis of key variables in the Hass avocado production chain, assessing productivity and viability. Subsequently, a dynamic model was developed to explore four scenarios spanning 13 years. The first scenario evaluated the production chain’s current behavior, while the second scrutinized the impact of credit accessibility. The third scenario analyzed the associativity among producers’ effects, and the fourth assessed the impact of government support. The results underscore that the implementation of each strategy improves the economic returns. Integrating all three strategies is the most effective method. These scenarios serve as proactive tools for investors, equipping them valuable insights and enabling informed decisions. Moreover, the study advocates for the promotion of rural economic development through strategic agricultural interventions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Systems Engineering)

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20 pages, 760 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Does Digitalization Strategy Affect Corporate Rent-Seeking? Evidence from Chinese-Listed Firms

by Xiang Yu and Yanzhe Liu

Systems 2024, 12(6), 209; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12060209 - 13 Jun 2024

Viewed by 449

Abstract

The issue of corporate rent-seeking, which stems from the misuse of authority, remains a critical concern for the international community. Drawing on agency theory and resource dependence theory, this study explores the relationship between corporate digitalization strategies (DSs) and corporate rent-seeking. We test [...] Read more.

The issue of corporate rent-seeking, which stems from the misuse of authority, remains a critical concern for the international community. Drawing on agency theory and resource dependence theory, this study explores the relationship between corporate digitalization strategies (DSs) and corporate rent-seeking. We test our theoretical hypotheses by utilizing panel data encompassing Chinese A-share listed companies from 2004 to 2021. Our findings suggest that corporate DSs have a significant negative influence on rent-seeking. Several robustness tests support this conclusion. Moreover, our analysis indicates that a DS is particularly effective in curtailing rent-seeking behaviors within state-owned enterprises (SOEs) compared with their non-state-owned counterparts. However, contrary to our hypothesis, a DS is less effective in suppressing corporate rent-seeking among firms where the executive team has legal backgrounds. These findings suggest that top managers, especially within SOEs, should prioritize the early formulation of digital transformation strategies to reduce rent-seeking behavior. Additionally, when implementing digital transformation, firms should carefully integrate members with legal backgrounds into their executive teams and strengthen ethical education and supervision for executives with legal expertise. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Strategic Management in Digital Transformation Era)

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17 pages, 604 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Blockchain-Based Security Factors on Sustainable Supply Chain Management in UK Manufacturing Firms: A Hybrid SEM-ANN Approach

by Rao Faizan Ali, Hamid Jahankhani, Kashif Ali and Bilal Hassan

Systems 2024, 12(6), 208; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12060208 - 13 Jun 2024

Viewed by 502

Abstract

Recently, there has been a notable surge in the intricate complexities of global supply chain management (SCM), which is gaining researchers’ attention. Supply chain sustainability is put at risk by security issues in blockchain technology that affect everything from infrastructure to management. For [...] Read more.

Recently, there has been a notable surge in the intricate complexities of global supply chain management (SCM), which is gaining researchers’ attention. Supply chain sustainability is put at risk by security issues in blockchain technology that affect everything from infrastructure to management. For sustainable supply chain management (SSCM), these elements are deemed crucial. To address this, the purpose of this research is to examine the impact of blockchain security factors on SSCM among United Kingdom manufacturing firms. Based on the resource-based view (RBV) theory and the Technology–Organisation–Environment (TOE) framework, the research hypotheses and framework were developed. To achieve the research objectives, a hybrid approach that combines structural equation modelling and artificial neural networks (ANNs) was adopted to perform the analysis. The research findings indicate that privacy, network, confidentiality, and managerial factors are vital to promoting SSCM. Furthermore, the ANN analysis highlights that managerial (trust management) and supplier privacy factors are the most important constructs. Unlike prior research that theoretically assumed that all relationships are linear, this has been a novel study that has successfully validated that there exists a nonlinear relationship between the RBV theory and the TOE framework. Based on the outcomes, the study’s contributions, its practical implications, and future research avenues are discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Blockchain Technology for Future Supply Chain Management)

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17 pages, 759 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Balance or Combine? Ambidextrous Innovation Strategy Selection of International Entrepreneurial-Oriented Enterprises in China

by Jinshan Zhang, Tingshu Sun and Tingting Yang

Systems 2024, 12(6), 207; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12060207 - 13 Jun 2024

Viewed by 471

Abstract

This study examines how ambidextrous balanced innovation and ambidextrous combined innovation affect international entrepreneurial-oriented enterprise growth within the holistic paradigm of systems thinking and discusses the systemic impact of industry international competitiveness and industry financing dependence. We select the unbalanced panel data of [...] Read more.

This study examines how ambidextrous balanced innovation and ambidextrous combined innovation affect international entrepreneurial-oriented enterprise growth within the holistic paradigm of systems thinking and discusses the systemic impact of industry international competitiveness and industry financing dependence. We select the unbalanced panel data of China’s ICT industry international enterprises from 2010 to 2021 for empirical research, and we employ the fixed effect model for testing. The empirical results indicate that both ambidextrous balanced innovation and ambidextrous combined innovation promote international entrepreneurial-oriented enterprise growth, that the industry’s international competitiveness positively moderates the relationship between ambidextrous balanced innovation and international entrepreneurial-oriented enterprise growth, and that the industry’s financing dependence negatively moderates the relationship between ambidextrous balanced innovation and international entrepreneurial-oriented enterprise growth. The aforementioned conclusion is robust against a series of robustness tests. This study expands the theoretical research on international entrepreneurship and ambidextrous innovation strategy selection and may help in the selection of ambidextrous innovation strategies for international entrepreneurial-oriented enterprises. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Harnessing Systems Thinking in Entrepreneurship: Interdisciplinary Perspectives and Emerging Trends)

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24 pages, 6702 KiB

Open AccessReview

Review and Prospects of Green Innovation Ecosystems from the Perspective of Value Emergence

by Jiarui Zhou and Huajing Li

Systems 2024, 12(6), 206; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12060206 - 12 Jun 2024

Viewed by 259

Abstract

With the rise of research on the integration of emergence theory and complex systems, value emergence has become a new model of value creation in green innovation ecosystems. Exploring the research status of green innovation ecosystems from the perspective of value emergence has [...] Read more.

With the rise of research on the integration of emergence theory and complex systems, value emergence has become a new model of value creation in green innovation ecosystems. Exploring the research status of green innovation ecosystems from the perspective of value emergence has become a research hotspot in the field of management science. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to use bibliometric methods, explore the current research status of green innovation ecosystems from the perspective of value emergence, and, more importantly, provide a future direction for the integration of emergence theory into complex systems. In this paper, a search was conducted in the Web of Science and CNKI databases, with a time limit from 2009 to May 2023, and through further screening, 159 articles were collected, and CiteSpace software (CiteSpace.6.3.R1) was used for visualizing and exploring bibliometric networks. This study innovatively introduce the value emergence perspective in the context of green innovation ecosystems. The basic interaction, dynamic promotion, and feedback loop of value emergence are taken as the research framework, and the generation mechanism and dynamic evolution of the green innovation ecosystem are analyzed. Finally, three prospects for future research are presented: How do green innovation entities generate basic resources? How do digital transformation and dynamic capabilities promote emerging value? How do internal models and external identifiers promote feedback loops? This paper is highly important for promoting theoretical exploration in the field of green innovation research. Full article

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29 pages, 6132 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Two-Echelon Multi-Trip Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows for Fresh E-Commerce Logistics under Front Warehouse Mode

by Shuyuan Guo, Hongtao Hu and Hui Xue

Systems 2024, 12(6), 205; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12060205 - 12 Jun 2024

Viewed by 293

Abstract

Given the swift expansion of fresh e-commerce, the front warehouse mode can respond quickly and ensure the quality of fresh products. However, the complexity of the supply chain structure under front warehouse mode poses a challenge in reducing logistics costs and improving distribution [...] Read more.

Given the swift expansion of fresh e-commerce, the front warehouse mode can respond quickly and ensure the quality of fresh products. However, the complexity of the supply chain structure under front warehouse mode poses a challenge in reducing logistics costs and improving distribution efficiency while meeting consumers’ immediate delivery demands. Therefore, this paper studies the vehicle routing problem of two-echelon fresh e-commerce under front warehouse mode. Considering trans-shipment time constraints between the two echelons and the characteristics of terminal distribution, this paper initially models the vehicle routing problem for front warehouses as a two-echelon multi-trip capacitated vehicle routing problem with time windows. A mixed-integer linear programming model is subsequently established. To solve the model, a hybrid genetic algorithm integrated with neighborhood search is developed. Matrix coding is employed to merge vehicle selection and route assignment decisions. Simultaneously, neighborhood search is applied to enhance the search capability of algorithms, thereby improving the quality of solutions. Furthermore, the effectiveness and efficiency of the model and algorithm are verified through experiments of varying scales. Finally, comparative strategies and sensitivity analysis highlight the advantages of multi-trip strategies and provide insights into the optimal vehicle capacity limit. Full article

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15 pages, 4923 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Research on Grain Futures Price Prediction Based on a Bi-DSConvLSTM-Attention Model

by Bensheng Yun, Jiannan Lai, Yingfeng Ma and Yanan Zheng

Systems 2024, 12(6), 204; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12060204 - 11 Jun 2024

Viewed by 402

Abstract

Grain is a commodity related to the livelihood of the nation’s people, and the volatility of its futures price affects risk management, investment decisions, and policy making. Therefore, it is very necessary to establish an accurate and efficient futures price prediction model. Aiming at [...] Read more.

Grain is a commodity related to the livelihood of the nation’s people, and the volatility of its futures price affects risk management, investment decisions, and policy making. Therefore, it is very necessary to establish an accurate and efficient futures price prediction model. Aiming at improving the accuracy and efficiency of the prediction model, so as to support reasonable decision making, this paper proposes a Bi-DSConvLSTM-Attention model for grain futures price prediction, which is based on the combination of a bidirectional long short-term memory neural network (BiLSTM), a depthwise separable convolutional long short-term memory neural network (DSConvLSTM), and an attention mechanism. Firstly, the mutual information is used to evaluate, sort, and select the features for dimension reduction. Secondly, the lightweight depthwise separable convolution (DSConv) is introduced to replace the standard convolution (SConv) in ConvLSTM without sacrificing its performance. Then, the self-attention mechanism is adopted to improve the accuracy. Finally, taking the wheat futures price prediction as an example, the model is trained and its performance is evaluated. Under the Bi-DSConvLSTM-Attention model, the experimental results of selecting the most relevant 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 features as the inputs showed that the optimal number of features to be selected was 4. When the four best features were selected as the inputs, the RMSE, MAE, MAPE, and

R^{2}

of the prediction result of the Bi-DSConvLSTM-Attention model were 5.61, 3.63, 0.55, and 0.9984, respectively, which is a great improvement compared with the existing price-prediction models. Other experimental results demonstrated that the model also possesses a certain degree of generalization and is capable of obtaining positive returns. Full article

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19 pages, 415 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Escalator Etiquette: Stand or Walk? A Systems Analysis

by Michael C. Fu

Systems 2024, 12(6), 203; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12060203 - 11 Jun 2024

Viewed by 397

Abstract

Users of escalators and moving walkways with sufficient space to accommodate two lanes of users often follow an implied etiquette for the two lanes: one for walking and one for standing (in the US, China, and many countries, the convention is “walk left, [...] Read more.

Users of escalators and moving walkways with sufficient space to accommodate two lanes of users often follow an implied etiquette for the two lanes: one for walking and one for standing (in the US, China, and many countries, the convention is “walk left, stand right”). When there is high volume, e.g., when exiting a subway or train station or at the conclusion of an athletic event, the escalators often experience bottleneck congestion that constitutes the primary source of delay. It has been suggested that during such high-congestion periods, it would be more efficient if everyone just stood in both lanes, with empirical evidence used to support this counterintuitive finding. Simple deterministic queueing models are used to show under what conditions such results hold and also to provide further insights regarding tradeoffs between performance metrics as a function of the distribution of walkers and standers, which could inform practical implementation policies to increase efficiency. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Systems Theory and Methodology)

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27 pages, 990 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparative Analysis of Key Success Factors in S&OP: Focusing on Manufacturing and Retail Industry in South Korea

by Sangjun Kim and Kwangsup Shin

Systems 2024, 12(6), 202; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12060202 - 8 Jun 2024

Viewed by 441

Abstract

The global supply chain is facing unprecedented challenges due to pandemics, geopolitical tensions, volatile commodity prices, and rapid changes in consumer demand. The Sales and Operations Planning (S&OP) process can be an important solution by integrating supply and demand with business strategy and [...] Read more.

The global supply chain is facing unprecedented challenges due to pandemics, geopolitical tensions, volatile commodity prices, and rapid changes in consumer demand. The Sales and Operations Planning (S&OP) process can be an important solution by integrating supply and demand with business strategy and operational planning. However, previous studies have developed single frameworks or maturity models without considering industry-specific factors, overlooking the structural and operational characteristics of different industries that can have a significant impact on the approach and success factors of S&OP. Therefore, this study identifies and compares the key success factors of S&OP in the manufacturing and retail industries using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique. The results show clear differences in the prioritization of success factors between two industries. In the manufacturing industry, strategic support and leadership were evaluated as the most critical factor, while in the retail industry, operational processes were emphasized. In addition, the relative importance was concentrated on the top-ranked factor in the manufacturing industry, but the relative importance was distributed among several factors in the retail industry. This study provides valuable insights into the critical success factors for S&OP implementation in different industries and offers an understanding of how industry-specific characteristics influence the effectiveness of S&OP strategies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multi-criteria Decision Making in Supply Chain Management)

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32 pages, 7745 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Competitive Newsvendor Problem with Product Substitution under the Carbon Cap-and-Trade System

by Yuheng Ren, Wenliang Bian, Haicheng Li and Yingjie Ju

Systems 2024, 12(6), 201; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12060201 - 8 Jun 2024

Viewed by 645

Abstract

This study investigates the competitive issues of the newsvendor problem with product substitution under the carbon cap-and-trade system. Building on existing research, this paper introduces the carbon cap-and-trade system under uncertain market demand and considers that the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) can choose [...] Read more.

This study investigates the competitive issues of the newsvendor problem with product substitution under the carbon cap-and-trade system. Building on existing research, this paper introduces the carbon cap-and-trade system under uncertain market demand and considers that the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) can choose to procure raw materials from the contract manufacturer (CM), with both final products being substitutable. Furthermore, we explore the different substitution relationships between OEM and CM products under both pure competitive and co-opetitive modes. For this problem, decision models are developed for various scenarios, and optimal solutions satisfying given conditions are provided. We find that in one-way substitution, under pure competition, an increase in the OEM’s (or CM’s) green investment and substitution rate only leads to an increase in OEM’s (or CM’s) yields, while an increase in the OEM’s (or CM’s) green investment does not necessarily reduce CM’s (or OEM’s) yields. In the co-opetitive mode, an increase in the substitution rate and green investments of both manufacturers may lead to an increase in the yields of both manufacturers. Furthermore, an increase in carbon trading prices does not necessarily inhibit the manufacturer’s yields. Moreover, we find that under the same competition mode, under certain conditions, two-way substitution between OEM and CM can bring better profits to both manufacturers and the entire supply chain. When the two modes are in the same substitution scenario, and the CM cannot substitute for the OEM, the optimal decisions and total supply chain profits of the two modes are equal. Finally, through numerical analysis, we find that neither mode is necessarily optimal when CM can substitute for OEM. Additionally, it is observed that when the same mode is in different substitution scenarios, total supply chain profits may be enhanced in the presence of product substitution. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Supply Chain Management)

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24 pages, 4782 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Dynamic Analysis to Examine Regional Development in the Context of a Digitally Enabled Regional Innovation System: The Case of Western and Central Macedonia (Greece)

by Elpida Samara, Pavlos Kilintzis, Efthymios Katsoras, George Martinidis and Paraskevi Kosti

Systems 2024, 12(6), 200; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12060200 - 7 Jun 2024

Viewed by 380

Abstract

The significance of Regional Innovation Systems (RIS) as a strategic tool for enhancing a region’s competitiveness has been increasingly recognized. This paper presents a model of RIS that was developed using the system dynamics (SD) methodology. The goal of this model is to [...] Read more.

The significance of Regional Innovation Systems (RIS) as a strategic tool for enhancing a region’s competitiveness has been increasingly recognized. This paper presents a model of RIS that was developed using the system dynamics (SD) methodology. The goal of this model is to amalgamate the systemic approach with computer modeling and simulation disciplines into a comprehensive dynamic framework for analyzing RIS. Within this framework, the paper explores the impact of smart technologies on regional development through the RIS. Specifically, the SD model serves as an ‘experimental tool’ for conducting extensive what-if scenario analyses concerning smart technologies. The efficacy of these technologies is examined in terms of their dynamic influence on regional development, with insights derived from simulation outcomes. Data from two Greek regions provides a strategic analysis over a designated time horizon. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Systems Thinking Approach to Strategic Management)

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22 pages, 2149 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Two-Part Tariff Policy and Total Factor Productivity of Pumped Storage Industry: Stimulation or Failure?

by Zhen Yu, Weidong Li, Jingyu Chen and Bingyu Wu

Systems 2024, 12(6), 199; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12060199 - 7 Jun 2024

Viewed by 316

Abstract

The two-part tariff (TPT) policy is implemented as an important initiative to accelerate the marketization of the pumped storage industry and promote its high-quality development. However, it is not clear exactly how the TPT policy affects the productivity of the pumped storage industry. [...] Read more.

The two-part tariff (TPT) policy is implemented as an important initiative to accelerate the marketization of the pumped storage industry and promote its high-quality development. However, it is not clear exactly how the TPT policy affects the productivity of the pumped storage industry. Using the EBM-GML method and the DID model, this paper measures the total factor productivity of the pumped storage industry and explores the impact of the Two-Part Tariff (TPT) policy on its total factor productivity. Based on the samples of 16 provinces in China from 2004 to 2020, we find the following: (1) At present, the total factor productivity of China’s pumped storage industry is still at a low level. (2) TPT policy can promote the improvement of total factor productivity, which was strongly supported by the robustness test. Innovation incentive is one of the main mechanisms. (3) The impact of TPT policy on total factor productivity has obvious regional heterogeneity. By geographic location, the TPT policy has little effect on the pumped storage industry’s TFP in the eastern region, but it exerts a significant positive role in the central region. By energy affluence, TPT policy effect is stronger in provinces with low energy dependence. By environmental governance, the role of this policy is more obvious in provinces with low environmental regulation but developed green financial market. Finally, some corresponding policy implications have been put forward. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Systems Practice in Social Science)

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26 pages, 1105 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Integrated Sports Information Systems: Enhancing Data Processing and Information Provision for Sports in Slovakia

by Michal Varmus, Milan Kubina, Martin Mičiak and Michal Šarlák

Systems 2024, 12(6), 198; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12060198 - 7 Jun 2024

Viewed by 425

Abstract

Integrated information systems in sports have the potential to improve the efficiency of data management and support the managers’ decision-making. However, this implementation faces challenges such as inefficiency, data duplicity, and time demands. This study represents a comparative analysis of sports information systems’ [...] Read more.

Integrated information systems in sports have the potential to improve the efficiency of data management and support the managers’ decision-making. However, this implementation faces challenges such as inefficiency, data duplicity, and time demands. This study represents a comparative analysis of sports information systems’ implementation in four countries—Slovakia, Czech Republic, England, and Denmark. The originality of this study stems from the fact that there is currently no research background examining this issue to the same extent. This study’s methodology focuses on the identification of the benefits and challenges occurring while implementing sports information systems and performing data management and analysis. This study also focuses on the potential of these systems to support managerial decision-making in this area. Data were collected from national sports databases and other relevant sources. Verification of the hypotheses showed that the implementation of sports information systems in Slovakia is inefficient in terms of costs and technology. Nevertheless, the systems that were implemented support managerial decision-making and their success is comparable to other EU countries within the aspects studied. Following the results, the main recommendation is to ensure transparency, automation, and strategic planning in the implementation of sports information systems. Future research directions include ethical and legal issues related to the utilization of technology in sports and the improvement of the user experience. Full article

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16 pages, 554 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Symbolic or Substantive? The Effects of the Digital Transformation Process on Environmental Disclosure

by Huanyong Ji, Shuya Sheng and Jun Wan

Systems 2024, 12(6), 197; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12060197 - 6 Jun 2024

Viewed by 370

Abstract

This study improves our comprehension of the relationship between the digital transformation process and environmental disclosure in emerging economies. Specifically, it delves into the effects of digital transformation on both symbolic and substantive environmental disclosure types through the application of text mining methods. [...] Read more.

This study improves our comprehension of the relationship between the digital transformation process and environmental disclosure in emerging economies. Specifically, it delves into the effects of digital transformation on both symbolic and substantive environmental disclosure types through the application of text mining methods. Additionally, this research examines how these impacts are moderated by the political experience of senior managers. Drawing on a panel dataset of 2033 listed Chinese manufacturing firms over the period from 2009 to 2020, the findings reveal that (1) the digital transformation process is negatively associated with substantive environmental disclosure and (2) the senior managers’ political experience positively moderates the relationship between the digital transformation process and symbolic environmental disclosure. Several supplementary analyses were also conducted to enrich these results. The implications of this work may have substantial value for practitioners, policymakers, and researchers operating within the industrial sector. Full article

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21 pages, 1114 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Evolution of Pure, Bi-Focal and Market-Exposed Social Innovations within Community-Based Systems

by Michal Hrivnák and Peter Moritz

Systems 2024, 12(6), 196; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12060196 - 5 Jun 2024

Viewed by 372

Abstract

Grassroots communities in the 21st century take on the role of social innovators and contribute to addressing market failures and system failures through innovative action. The aim of this empirical study is to evaluate the various modes in which social innovations (products and [...] Read more.

Grassroots communities in the 21st century take on the role of social innovators and contribute to addressing market failures and system failures through innovative action. The aim of this empirical study is to evaluate the various modes in which social innovations (products and services) arise in the conditions of community-led grassroots initiatives, to compare the patterns of social and economic value creation through these innovations and to elaborate the possibilities of their commercial exploitation. Drawing from data on 63 innovative products and service of 106 grassroots, taking the optics of grounded theory and adopting the approach of comparative analysis, this study sheds a light on the emergence of “pure”, “bi-focal”, and “market-exposed SI” products and services. Furthermore, the results suggest that it is possible to conceptualize the demand for community-led products and services. The majority of identified innovative products and services of grassroots generate a mix of social and economic outcomes that address both the social needs within one’s own community and needs of various stakeholders, or marginalized groups. The differentiation of SI into “pure”, “bi-focal”, and “market-exposed” was found to be relevant. Also, we identified a rationale for further elaboration of the evolutionary patterns of SI development, as we found that some “pure” SIs have the potential to be introduced to market within the later stages of the SI life-cycle. Some of the investigated products and service had to be commercially exploited due to a paradox—some social, public beneficial solutions need to be commercially exploited to be provided sustainably in the long term. Full article

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24 pages, 1762 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Deploying Bottleneck Management Strategies for Ameliorating Critical Delays in Building Construction Projects: A Case for Developing Country of Iran

by Hamidreza Karimi, Hadi Sarvari, David J. Edwards, Daniel W. M. Chan and Timothy O. Olawumi

Systems 2024, 12(6), 195; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12060195 - 5 Jun 2024

Viewed by 448

Abstract

One of the primary concerns and challenges encountered in the construction industry is the emergence of crucial factors instigating project delays throughout the construction project lifecycle (CPL). The critical delay factors (CDFs) are the significant factors that not only cause project delays but [...] Read more.

One of the primary concerns and challenges encountered in the construction industry is the emergence of crucial factors instigating project delays throughout the construction project lifecycle (CPL). The critical delay factors (CDFs) are the significant factors that not only cause project delays but also create obstacles and bottlenecks for the projects. Hence, the current study aims to determine CDFs affecting project completions and ameliorates the adverse situation by developing relevant bottleneck management strategies. To achieve this goal, a desktop review of previous research studies was undertaken to identify the CDFs in the CPL. The brainstorming technique was further utilized to filter the identified CDFs and match them to the context of developing countries, using Iran as a case example. Finally, an empirical questionnaire was created that included 22 CDFs divided into three distinct groups. The questionnaire’s validity and reliability were checked and validated before massive distribution to target respondents. Sixty industry experts appraised the identified CDFs in the CPL based on two assessment criteria: the severity of impact and probability of occurrence. The findings revealed that the groups with the most significant level of impact (out of 5 points) are project planning and design (2.29), construction and delivery (1.99), and policymaking and legislation (1.72). Similarly, the groups of project planning and design (2.30), construction and delivery (2.20), and policymaking and legislation (1.5) were ranked from first to third based on the probability of occurrence. According to the survey findings, the project planning and design stage is the most optimal time to mitigate the impact of project delays. Moreover, the study posited some pragmatic recommendations as bottleneck management strategies for ameliorating the identified CDFs for future projects. The study deliverables can serve as an effective tool for project stakeholders and decision makers to diminish the impact on and penetration of CDFs into building construction projects and enhance the delivery path leading to project success. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Risk Management in Project Management—How Two Major Dimensions (Relational and Processual) Influence Risk Management in Project Management)

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