Processes, Volume 7, Issue 10

Biogas production from organic waste could be an option to reduce landfill and pollutant emissions into air, water, and soil. These fuels contain several trace compounds that are crucial for highly efficient energy generators or gas injection into th...

The effect of initial salt composition on characteristics of zero-valent iron nanopowders produced via borohydride reduction was studied. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and low-temp...

Cocoa bean roasting allows for reactions to occur between the characteristic aroma and taste precursors that are involved in the sensory perception of chocolate and cocoa by-products. This work evaluates the moisture kinetics of cocoa beans during th...

The uncertainty of new energy output from wind power is rarely considered in the monthly energy-trade scheduling. This causes many problems since the new energy penetration level increases. The fairness of the scheduled energy for the power suppliers...

In this study, plate-fin heat sinks with partial heating under forced convection were experimentally investigated. The base temperature profiles of the plate-fin heat sinks were measured for various heating lengths, heating positions, flow rates, and...

A dividing wall column (DWC) effectively intensifies the distillation process with a reduced energy consumption, capital investment, and space. The three-product DWC has been investigated intensively and extensively; however, the four-product Kaibel...

Reversible addition–fragmentation chain–transfer (RAFT) polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) is modeled and monitored using a multi-rate multi-delay observer in this work. First, to fit the RAFT reaction rate coefficients and the i...

A Ca(H₂PO₄)₂/RM composite powder suppressant with core–shell structure was prepared with modified red mud (RM) as the carrier and Ca(H₂PO₄)₂ as the loaded particles, using a solvent–antisolvent process, in an attempt to suppress aluminum...

Porous Ti/SnO₂–Sb₂O₃/PbO₂ electrodes for electrocatalytic oxidation of chloride ions were studied by exploring the effects of different operating conditions, including pore size, initial concentration, current density, initial pH, electrode pla...

In this article, a thermodynamic study was conducted on the energetic and exergy performance of a new configuration of liquid chemical looping gasification (LCLG) plant integrated with a power block to assess the overall performance of the system inc...

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is one of the most important fruits in the world. Mango peel is an important by-product that is rich in polyphenols and it could have high economic value if it is effectively utilized. Phenolic characterization is an essen...

The injection flow rates of two liquid phases play a decisive role in the slug generation of the liquid-liquid slug flow. However, most injection flow rates so far have been constant. In order to investigate the effects of dynamic injection flow rate...

In the metallurgical industry, hydraulic automatic gauge control (HAGC) is a core mechanism for thickness control of plates used in the rolling process. The stability of the HAGC system’s kernel position closed-loop is key to ensuring a process...

Hydrogen production via two-step thermochemical cycles over fluorite-structure ceria (CeO₂) and ceria-zirconia (Ce_0.75Zr_0.25O₂) materials was studied in packed-bed and micro-channel reactors for comparison purposes. The H₂-temperature program reducti...

In this work, an optimal state feedback control strategy is proposed for non-linear, distributed-parameter processes. For different values of a given parameter susceptible to upsets, the strategy involves off-line computation of a repository of optim...

Arsenic contamination in industrial and mining effluents has always been a serious concern. Recently, nano-sized iron particles have been proven effective in sorptive removal of arsenic, because of their unique surface characteristics. In this study,...

Using an appropriate measure to assess firms’ performance is essential. We analyzed inventory turnover (IT) as a performance measure in manufacturing processes because IT ratios are critical in the manufacturing industry and publicly available...

The generation of municipal solid waste (MSW) is increasing globally every year, including in Malaysia. Approaching the year 2020, Malaysia still has MSW disposal issues since most waste goes to landfills rather than being utilized as energy. Process...

Computational effort and convergence problems can pose serious challenges when employing advanced thermodynamic models in process simulation and optimization. Data-based surrogate modeling helps to overcome these problems at the cost of additional mo...

In most cases, arsenic is an unfavorable element in metallurgical processes. The mechanism of arsenic removal was investigated through roasting experiments performed on arsenopyrite-bearing iron ore. Thermodynamic calculation of arsenic recovery was...

The effect of binding between the lignin isolates from an alkali (NaOH)– and an acid (H₂SO₄)– pretreated Miscanthus and cellulolytic enzymes in Cellic^® CTec2 was investigated. Additonally, cellobiose and Avicel were enzymatically hydr...

Fire prevention and extinguishing and CO₂ sequestration in coal mine gob require continuous transportation of liquid CO₂ in pipelines with large height difference (from ground to underground). However, the temperature and pressure variation of liquid...

The present work discusses the adsorptive removal of a phenolic pollutant, i.e., 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP), using low cost untreated agricultural waste pine cone powder (PCP). The present biosorbent was thoroughly characterized with the help of FTI...

The effects of ultrasonic and ozonation pretreatments on organic solubilization, anaerobic biodegradability, and biogas production were elucidated in this study. Two pretreatment methods for batch anaerobic digestion for biogas recovery with the same...

In an ethylene plant, steam system provides shaft power to compressors and pumps and heats the process streams. Modeling and optimization of a steam system is a powerful tool to bring benefits and save energy for ethylene plants. However, the uncerta...

The effect of microwave coupled hot air drying on rehydration ratio (RR) and total sugar content (TSC) of Chinese yam was investigated. Single factor test and response surface methodology were used for process parameter optimization with hot air temp...

The minerals calcium carbonate and talc were filtered under various conditions of filtrate flow rate and suspension concentration, using constant rate conditions with the aid of a peristaltic pump to draw the filtrate. Cake concentrations of between...

This paper handles a hybrid multiple optimization technique to concurrently enhance hydraulic efficiency and decrease unsteady radial forces resulting from fluid-induced vibration of a single-channel pump for wastewater treatment. A single-channel im...

Chromium (as Cr(VI)) and fluoride (F⁻) are frequently found in effluents from different industrial activities. In cases where these effluents reach soil, it can play an important role in retaining those pollutants. Similarly, different byproduc...

In the current study, bioactive compounds of Vitis vinifera (Perlette) were extracted using an ultrasound-assisted extraction technique. The central composite design of response surface methodology (RSM) was used to determine the effect of time, temp...

The joining of Al₂O₃ rods using SiC particles in a microwave field was examined. SiC with high microwave absorption characteristics is coated on the fracture surface of Al₂O₃ rods. Then, microwave irradiation is performed using a 2.45 GHz single-mode...

Clarifying the mechanism for the gas transportation in the emerging 2D materials-based membranes plays an important role on the design and performance optimization. In this work, the corresponding studies were conducted experimentally and theoretical...

In this work, cow manure (CM) was reused as a potential precursor in the production of activated carbon (AC) using a potassium hydroxide activation process at different temperatures (i.e., 500, 600 and 700 °C). The optimal activated carbon from c...

Theoretically simulated kinetic data were used to evaluate the performance of the most common isoconversional methods of kinetic analysis in complex-process scenarios with two independent overlapping processes exhibiting nucleation-growth kinetics, a...

Sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆) is commonly used in electrical insulation networks due to its superior dielectric properties. However, it possesses a high Global Warming Potential (GWP) of 22,800 times compared to CO₂ (at equal mass over a time span of 100...

The present work proposes a holonic-based mechanism for self-learning factories based on a hybrid learning approach. The self-learning factory is a manufacturing system that gains predictive capability by machine self-learning, and thus automatically...

Synthesis of magnesium aluminate spinel (MgAl₂O₄) was investigated by employing ball milling and co-precipitation methods. The starting materials (aluminum hydroxides) were obtained from the purified sodium hydroxide leaching solution of black dross....

The existing charts for monitoring the variance are designed under the assumption that all production data must consist of exact, precise, and determined observations. This paper presents the design of a new neutrosophic exponentially weighted moving...

Unit Commitment (UC) requires the optimization of the operation of generation units with varying loads, at every hour, under different technical and environmental constraints. Many solution techniques were developed for the UC problem, and the resear...

In the search for oils of commercial interest that serve as new sources for the generation of cosmetic, pharmaceutical, or nutraceutical products, the green coffee beans oil (Coffea arabica L.) was studied. This research aimed to evaluate the oxidati...

Iron ore was studied as a CO₂ absorbent. Carbonation was carried out by mechanochemical and high temperature–high pressure (HTHP) reactions. Kinetics of the carbonation reactions was studied for the two methods. In the mechanochemical process,...

This research experimentally analyzed the impacts of various water cement (W/C) ratios of ultrafine cement grout material and normal loads F_N applied to fractures on grout nonlinear flow behavior through a rough plexiglass fractured sample. An effect...

The pressure swing distillation (PSD) with two different energy-saving modes are put forward to separate a binary azeotrope containing lower alcohols: benzene/methanol. A comparison of the economy and controllability for the partial and fully heat in...

The importance of neural network (NN) modelling is evident from its performance benefits in a myriad of applications, where, unlike conventional techniques, NN modeling provides superior performance without relying on complex filtering and/or time-co...

This paper proposes an adaptive overall control strategy of the permanent magnet synchronous generator-based wind energy conversion system (WECS) in the whole wind speed range. For the machine side, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) operation i...

The oscillating flow field of the double nozzle flapper servo valve pre-stage is numerically analyzed through Large Eddy Simulation (LES) turbulent modeling with the previous grid independence verification. The vortex street flow phenomenon can be ob...

The study of laminar flow of heat and mass transfer over a moving surface in bionanofluid is of considerable interest because of its importance for industrial and technological processes such as fabrication of bio-nano materials and thermally enhance...

Limiting global temperature rise to well below 2 °C according to the Paris climate accord will require accelerated development, scale-up, and commercialization of innovative and environmentally friendly reactor concepts. Simulation-based design c...

Rotating packed bed (RPB) has been demonstrated as a significant and emerging technology to be applied in natural gas desulfurization. However, droplet characteristics and principle in H₂S selective absorption with N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) solut...

To overcome the difficulty of accurately determining the load state of a wet ball mill during the grinding process, a method of mill load identification based on improved empirical wavelet transform (EWT), multiscale fuzzy entropy (MFE), and adaptive...