Fire, Volume 6, Issue 5

Fire events are increasing in frequency, duration, and severity worldwide. The combination of ash and uncovered land might increase the transportation of pollutants into the streams, potentially affecting the water supply systems. The intensifying fi...

This paper presents a review of concepts related to wildfire risk assessment, including the determination of fire ignition and propagation (fire danger), the extent to which fire may spatially overlap with valued assets (exposure), and the potential...

Fire tests are used to determine whether fire protection products meet the minimum performance criteria set out in codes and legislation, as well as to certify these products. Experimental large-scale fires are used to test the performance of safety...

In this research, experimental and numerical studies were carried out to investigate the performance of encased glass-fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) beams under fire. The test specimens were divided into two peer groups to be tested under the effect...

Underground utility tunnels (UUTs) are convenient for the integrated management of various infrastructure facilities. They ensure effective control of underground facilities and reduce occupied space. However, aging UUTs require effective management...

Alto Minho (in northwestern Iberia) is one of the European regions most affected by fires. Many of these fires originate from rangeland management of Atlantic heathlands, and, while being illegal, often are not actively suppressed. In this study, pas...

A safe separation distance (SSD) needs to be considered during firefighting activities (fire suppression or people evacuation) against wildfires. The SSD is of critical interest for both humans and assets located in the wildland–urban interface...

To reduce the thermal runaway risk of lithium-ion batteries, a good thermal management system is critically required. As phase change materials can absorb a lot of heat without the need for extra equipment, they are employed in the thermal management...

This paper presents a numerical model that investigates the characteristics of flow, heat, and mass transfer on downward flame propagation in the discontinuous region of solid fuel. Simulations were carried out for various discontinuous distances to...

In recent decades, forest fires in the Mediterranean basin have been increasing in frequency, intensity, and the area burnt. Simultaneously, insects, a group with extraordinary biodiversity that provides vital ecosystem services such as pollination a...

This study investigated the post-fire seismic characteristics of reinforced concrete frame joints with carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) under low-cycle reciprocating loads through numerical analysis. Finite element simulations were conducted to...

Peatlands are a vast global carbon store. Both climate change and management have shaped peatlands over millennia, sometimes negatively, sometimes positively. Across the globe, prescribed fire is an important and well-recognised vegetation management...

School buildings gather a large number of underage students, and the disastrous consequences of fire in such buildings are very serious, which is one of the key concerns of society in fire prevention and control. This study takes a “[” ty...

In this paper, a solution based on an improved particle swarm algorithm is proposed for the path planning problem without a road network in forest fire rescue scenarios. The algorithm adopts an adaptive inertia weight and a dynamically updated learni...

Aspects of mathematical and physical modeling of deflagration explosions emerging during atmospheric (outdoor) accidental explosions are addressed. It has been demonstrated that when physically modeling accidental deflagration explosions, a stoichiom...

Recent studies have shown that vertical greenery systems (VGS) carry a significant fire threat when not properly looked after. Building on this, the fire hazard of VGS was compared to two other thermally efficient building façade systems (TEBF...

Real-time acquisition and visualization of temperature anomalies in building spaces and 3D temperature field data during fires are of vital importance for fire danger warnings, early rescue operations, evacuation commands, and subsequent fire acciden...

Wildfires are key drivers of land use/land cover (LULC) dynamics by burning vegetation and affecting human infrastructure. On the contrary, LULC changes (LULCCs) may affect the fire regime by influencing vegetation type, burnable areas, fuel loads an...

Fires are a pervasive feature of the terrestrial biosphere and contribute large carbon emissions within the earth system. Humans are responsible for the majority of fire ignitions. Physical and empirical models are used to estimate the future effects...

Fires in photovoltaic (PV) electrical systems are a real and serious problem because this phenomenon can have severe consequences for the safety of people and the environment. In some cases, fires result from a lack of maintenance or improper install...

Many fire management agencies aim to detect and suppress all ignitions within their jurisdiction and may benefit from understanding the causes of year-to-year variation. Ignition variation is likely to be associated with climatically driven changes i...

Vulnerability assessment is a vital component of wildfire management. This research focuses on the evaluation of wildfire vulnerability in the Central Region of Portugal, an area historically affected by catastrophic fire events. The overall methodol...

This work aims to present a study approach for double-shear connections of wood under fire with dowel pins and plates in steel material, using different types of glulam. The simplified Eurocode equations for ambient temperature were used to determine...

Wildland fires are one of the most dangerous natural risks, causing significant economic damage and loss of lives worldwide. Every year, millions of hectares are lost, and experts warn that the frequency and severity of wildfires will increase in the...

China is the country with the largest number of tunnels, the largest tunnel construction scale, and the fastest development of tunnels in the world [...]

A fire egress system is one of the most critical aspects of fire emergency evacuation, which is the cornerstone technology of building fire safety. The high-rise teaching buildings on campus, where vast crowds of people gather, need to be qualified f...

Fire whirls are reported to occur frequently in the wilderness and in urban areas due to the influence of ambient winds. Fire whirls that occur on sloped fuel surfaces are common in the wilderness and have received less attention despite their potent...

Wildland fire rate of spread prediction models are important tools for the effective coordination of resident evacuation and fire suppression efforts. A comparative assessment of ten empirical and semi-empirical rate of spread prediction models is pe...

The effects of wildfire on the power grid are a recurring concern for utility companies who need reliable information about where to prioritize infrastructure hardening. Though there are existing data layers that provide measures of burn probability,...

While it is well known that wildfires can greatly contribute to soil water repellency by changing soil chemical composition, the mechanisms of these changes are still poorly understood. In the past decade, the number, size, and intensity of wildfires...

The modelling of fire behaviour in a compartment is the subject of this work. A small-scale experimental study was carried out in a compartment sized 0.5 m × 0.5 m × 0.5 m with a single door with a width of 0.2 m and a height of 0.4 m. Th...

With climate change and the resulting rise in temperatures, wildfire risk is increasing all over the world, particularly in the Western United States. Communities in wildland–urban interface (WUI) areas are at the greatest risk of fire. Such fi...

Studies showed that tobacco use and excessive alcohol consumption frequently occur, and both are significant causes of preventable morbidity and mortality. Data were collected as part of a national online study of the health of women in the fire serv...

Hydrogen–gasoline hybrid refueling stations can minimize construction and management costs and save land resources and are gradually becoming one of the primary modes for hydrogen refueling stations. However, catastrophic consequences may be ca...

Peatland fires in Central Kalimantan emit thick smoke and large amounts of greenhouse gases and have an impact on the environment globally, but studies on fire weather have not been carried out due to lack of diurnal weather data. The aim of this stu...

Fire accidents occur frequently and pose a great threat to high-rise buildings with flammable construction materials. Recently, researchers have been doing significant work on this topic to improve the flame retardancy of composites by adding inorgan...

In recent years, the fire safety problems in self-build housing in China’s vast rural areas have become increasingly prominent. We analyzed the interaction of causative factors and logical structure of self-build housing fire accidents (SBHFAs)...

Hermetic pressurized buildings have been developed to reduce the effects of high altitude. The behavior and effect of fire in this new type of building have not been studied before. Unlike common buildings, the inside pressure in this new type of bui...

Subway fires are a major threat to the safe and smooth operation of subway stations. In this paper, an island-type subway station was taken as an example to conduct a series of numerical simulations using Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). The temperatur...

Dropping fire retardants by helicopter can effectively reduce the intensity of wildfires. This study proposes a test plan for spraying different fire retardants from a helicopter bucket fire extinguisher. In this study, pure water, 10% Class AB flame...

Thermal control methods based on phase change materials have a wide range of applications, from thermal management to latent heat storage for renewable energy systems, with intermittent availability. Organic PCMs have some advantages over inorganics;...

In the Kundelungu National Park (KNP), southeast of the Democratic Republic of Congo, illicit human activities including recurrent bushfires contribute to constant regression of forest cover. This study quantifies the landscape dynamics and analyses...