Reactive Oxygen Species in Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) and Radiation Therapy (RT)

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "ROS, RNS and RSS".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 October 2024 | Viewed by 559

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
Interests: reactive oxygen species explicit dosimetry; singlet oxygen explicit dosimetry; photodynamic therapy; radiation therapy

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Guest Editor
Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 101 College Street, Room 15-314, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
Interests: biomedical imaging; cancer diagnosis and therapy; image-guided therapy and device development

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a key role in photodynamic therapy and radiation therapy, especially given the increased interest in FLASH-RT in the latter field. The continuously increasing capability that can be achieved by new generations of dosimetrical tools is making it feasible to quantify ROS more directly, via various means. This evolution has set the stage for us to understand the role of ROS in PDT and RT. For example, the explicit dosimetry of light, photosensitizers, oxygen concentration, and radiation dosage has made it possible to model the interactions and generation of ROS in PDT and RT. Direct methods are being developed to measure components of ROS, e.g., singlet oxygen (SO) detection using singlet oxygen luminescence. In FLASH-RT, there is an awareness of the potential importance of ROS in demonstrating the difference between killing a tumor and damaging normal tissue. Given the plurality of imaging techniques available for initial staging, each clinical challenge can be met with a tailored image guidance solution.

This Special Issue aims to provide an up-to-date overview of the most recent (technical) advances in the field of ROS modeling and detection. For a variety of cancers and interventions, we will cover the in vivo and in vitro uses of innovative technique to detect ROS for a wide range of modalities. Translational efforts and works that demonstrate the benefits for patients are of particular interest.

Prof. Dr. Timothy C. Zhu
Prof. Dr. Brian C. Wilson
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • reactive oxygen species (ROS)
  • singlet oxygen (SO)
  • radiation
  • photodynamic therapy
  • cancers

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

22 pages, 2500 KiB  
Article
Role of Oxidative Stress Signaling, Nrf2, on Survival and Stemness of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Exposed to X-rays, Protons and Carbon Ions
by Mira Hammad, Rima Salma, Jacques Balosso, Mohi Rezvani and Siamak Haghdoost
Antioxidants 2024, 13(9), 1035; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13091035 - 26 Aug 2024
Viewed by 338
Abstract
Some cancers have a poor prognosis and often lead to local recurrence because they are resistant to available treatments, e.g., glioblastoma. Attempts have been made to increase the sensitivity of resistant tumors by targeting pathways involved in the resistance and combining it, for [...] Read more.
Some cancers have a poor prognosis and often lead to local recurrence because they are resistant to available treatments, e.g., glioblastoma. Attempts have been made to increase the sensitivity of resistant tumors by targeting pathways involved in the resistance and combining it, for example, with radiotherapy (RT). We have previously reported that treating glioblastoma stem cells with an Nrf2 inhibitor increases their radiosensitivity. Unfortunately, the application of drugs can also affect normal cells. In the present study, we aim to investigate the role of the Nrf2 pathway in the survival and differentiation of normal human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) exposed to radiation. We treated ADSCs with an Nrf2 inhibitor and then exposed them to X-rays, protons or carbon ions. All three radiation qualities are used to treat cancer. The survival and differentiation abilities of the surviving ADSCs were studied. We found that the enhancing effect of Nrf2 inhibition on cell survival levels was radiation-quality-dependent (X-rays > proton > carbon ions). Furthermore, our results indicate that Nrf2 inhibition reduces stem cell differentiation by 35% and 28% for adipogenesis and osteogenesis, respectively, using all applied radiation qualities. Interestingly, the results show that the cells that survive proton and carbon ion irradiations have an increased ability, compared with X-rays, to differentiate into osteogenesis and adipogenesis lineages. Therefore, we can conclude that the use of carbon ions or protons can affect the stemness of irradiated ADSCs at lower levels than X-rays and is thus more beneficial for long-time cancer survivors, such as pediatric patients. Full article
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