Cancers

Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review, Other

6 pages, 245 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Sinonasal Cancer: Improving Classification, Stratification and Therapeutic Options

by Mario A. Hermsen, Paolo Bossi, Alessandro Franchi and Matt Lechner

Cancers 2023, 15(6), 1675; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15061675 - 9 Mar 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1805

Abstract

The nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses are the site of origin of a wide spectrum of histologically and clinically distinct disease entities [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sinonasal Cancer: Improving Classification, Stratification and Therapeutic Options)

Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review, Other

12 pages, 8139 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Prognostic Analysis of HPV Status in Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

by Alexandre Tendron, Marion Classe, Odile Casiraghi, Hélène Pere, Caroline Even, Philippe Gorphe and Antoine Moya-Plana

Cancers 2022, 14(8), 1874; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14081874 - 8 Apr 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2120

Abstract

Sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC) is a rare and aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis. Human papilloma virus (HPV) can induce SNSCC although its incidence and impact on patients’ outcomes remains unclear. We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients with SNSCC treated consecutively [...] Read more.

Sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC) is a rare and aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis. Human papilloma virus (HPV) can induce SNSCC although its incidence and impact on patients’ outcomes remains unclear. We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients with SNSCC treated consecutively in a comprehensive cancer center. HPV status was determined with p16 immunohistochemistry followed by RNA in situ hybridization (RNAscope). The incidence, clinical characteristics, and oncologic outcomes of HPV+SNSCC were assessed. P16 prognostic value was evaluated. Fifty-nine patients were included. Eleven (18.6%) SNSCC were p16+ with five (8.4%) doubtful cases. RNAscope was positive in nine cases (15.2%). Patients with HPV+SNSCC were younger (p = 0.0298) with a primary tumor originating mainly in nasal fossa (p < 10⁻⁴). Pathologic findings were not different according to HPV status. Among patients who were curatively treated, overall survival was better for HPV+SNSCC (p = 0.022). No prognostic value of p16 expression was reported. Patients with HPV+SNSCC have better oncologic outcomes, probably due to earlier tumor stage with primary location predominantly in the nasal fossa, a more suitable epicenter to perform a surgical resection with clear margins. P16 expression seems not to be a good surrogate of HPV status in SNSCC. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sinonasal Cancer: Improving Classification, Stratification and Therapeutic Options)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 2799 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Mismatch Repair Deficiency and Somatic Mutations in Human Sinonasal Tumors

by Lena Hieggelke, Carina Heydt, Roberta Castiglione, Jan Rehker, Sabine Merkelbach-Bruse, Cristina Riobello, José Luis Llorente, Mario A. Hermsen and Reinhard Buettner

Cancers 2021, 13(23), 6081; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13236081 - 2 Dec 2021

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2542

Abstract

Due to limitations in local therapy approaches for sinonasal tumors, improvement in systemic therapies plays a pivotal role for prolongation of the patient’s survival. The aim of this study was to examine potential biomarkers, including deficiency in mismatch repair proteins (dMMR)/microsatellite instability (MSI-H) [...] Read more.

Due to limitations in local therapy approaches for sinonasal tumors, improvement in systemic therapies plays a pivotal role for prolongation of the patient’s survival. The aim of this study was to examine potential biomarkers, including deficiency in mismatch repair proteins (dMMR)/microsatellite instability (MSI-H) in sinonasal cancers and their precancerous lesions. A comprehensive analysis of 10 sinonasal cancer cell lines by whole exome sequencing, screening 174 sinonasal tumors by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for mismatch repair deficiency and next generation sequencing (NGS) of 136 tumor samples revealed a dMMR/MSI-H sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC) cell line based on a somatic missense mutation in MLH1 and an overall frequency of dMMR/MSI-H SNSCC of 3.2% (4/125). Targetable EGFR mutations were found in 89.3% (25/28) of inverted sinonasal papilloma (ISP) and in 60% (6/10) of ISP-associated carcinomas. While PIK3CA and EGFR mutations were not mutually exclusive, KRAS mutated tumors were an EGFR-wildtype. The effect of potential driver mutations in FGFR2, FGFR3, BRAF, HRAS, MAP2K1, PTEN, NOTCH1 and CARD11 need further investigation. Our results suggest that biomarker testing, including MMR-IHC and NGS panel analysis, should be integrated into the diagnostics of clinically aggressive ISPs and SNSCC to assess prognosis and facilitate therapeutic decisions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sinonasal Cancer: Improving Classification, Stratification and Therapeutic Options)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 3504 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dysregulation of Translation Factors EIF2S1, EIF5A and EIF6 in Intestinal-Type Adenocarcinoma (ITAC)

by Christoph Schatz, Susanne Sprung, Volker Schartinger, Helena Codina-Martínez, Matt Lechner, Mario Hermsen and Johannes Haybaeck

Cancers 2021, 13(22), 5649; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13225649 - 11 Nov 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2234

Abstract

Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma (ITAC) is a rare cancer of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses that occurs sporadically or secondary to exposure to occupational hazards, such as wood dust and leather. Eukaryotic translation initiation factors have been described as promising targets for novel cancer [...] Read more.

Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma (ITAC) is a rare cancer of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses that occurs sporadically or secondary to exposure to occupational hazards, such as wood dust and leather. Eukaryotic translation initiation factors have been described as promising targets for novel cancer treatments in many cancers, but hardly anything is known about these factors in ITAC. Here we performed in silico analyses, evaluated the protein levels of EIF2S1, EIF5A and EIF6 in tumour samples and non-neoplastic tissue controls obtained from 145 patients, and correlated these results with clinical outcome data, including tumour site, stage, adjuvant radiotherapy and survival. In silico analyses revealed significant upregulation of the translation factors EIF6 (ITGB4BP), EIF5, EIF2S1 and EIF2S2 (p < 0.05) with a higher arithmetic mean expression in ITAC compared to non-neoplastic tissue (NNT). Immunohistochemical analyses using antibodies against EIF2S1 and EIF6 confirmed a significantly different expression at the protein level (p < 0.05). In conclusion, this work identifies the eukaryotic translation initiation factors EIF2S1 and EIF6 to be significantly upregulated in ITAC. As these factors have been described as promising therapeutic targets in other cancers, this work identifies candidate therapeutic targets in this rare but often deadly cancer. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sinonasal Cancer: Improving Classification, Stratification and Therapeutic Options)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 1967 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Occurrence of Sinonasal Intestinal-Type Adenocarcinoma and Non-Intestinal-Type Adenocarcinoma in Two Countries with Different Patterns of Wood Dust Exposure

by Ilmo Leivo, Reetta Holmila, Danièle Luce, Torben Steiniche, Michael Dictor, Pirjo Heikkilä, Kirsti Husgafvel-Pursiainen and Henrik Wolff

Cancers 2021, 13(20), 5245; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13205245 - 19 Oct 2021

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2924

Abstract

Sinonasal intestinal-type adenocarcinoma is strongly associated with hardwood dust exposure. Non-intestinal-type adenocarcinoma is a rarer and less well-known subtype considered not to be related with wood dust exposure. We determined the relative numbers of these two tumor types in 56 sinonasal adenocarcinoma patients [...] Read more.

Sinonasal intestinal-type adenocarcinoma is strongly associated with hardwood dust exposure. Non-intestinal-type adenocarcinoma is a rarer and less well-known subtype considered not to be related with wood dust exposure. We determined the relative numbers of these two tumor types in 56 sinonasal adenocarcinoma patients in France and Finland, relating them with carefully assessed wood dust exposure histories. Diagnostic workup including immunohistochemistry for the intestinal markers CDX2 and CK20 indicated that the proportions of the two tumors differed significantly between France and Finland. In Finnish samples non-intestinal adenocarcinomas were more common than intestinal-type adenocarcinomas (12 non-intestinal vs. nine intestinal), while in the French samples the reverse was true (six non-intestinal vs. 29 intestinal). Such remarkably dissimilar occurrence of these tumors in France and Finland presumably reflects different pathogenetic circumstances in the two countries, and perhaps their different patterns of wood dust exposure. In France the main source of wood dust is from hardwoods. In Finland it is derived from softwoods. This is the first systematic comparison of the occurrence of intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and non-intestinal-type adenocarcinoma in two countries with different wood usage. It appears to be the first systematic study on differences in wood dust exposure between intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and non-intestinal-type adenocarcinoma. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sinonasal Cancer: Improving Classification, Stratification and Therapeutic Options)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 6324 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Methylation Drivers and Prognostic Implications in Sinonasal Poorly Differentiated Carcinomas

by Laura Libera, Giorgia Ottini, Nora Sahnane, Fabiana Pettenon, Mario Turri-Zanoni, Alessia Lambertoni, Anna Maria Chiaravalli, Federico Leone, Paolo Battaglia, Paolo Castelnuovo, Silvia Uccella, Daniela Furlan, Carla Facco and Fausto Sessa

Cancers 2021, 13(19), 5030; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13195030 - 8 Oct 2021

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2196

Abstract

Background: Poorly differentiated sinonasal carcinomas (PDSNCs) are rare and aggressive malignancies, which include squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC), and neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC). Several epigenetic markers have been suggested to support the histopathological classification, predict prognosis, and guide therapeutic decision. Indeed, [...] Read more.

Background: Poorly differentiated sinonasal carcinomas (PDSNCs) are rare and aggressive malignancies, which include squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC), and neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC). Several epigenetic markers have been suggested to support the histopathological classification, predict prognosis, and guide therapeutic decision. Indeed, molecularly distinct subtypes of sinonasal carcinomas, including SMARCB1-INI1 or SMARCA4 deficient sinonasal carcinoma, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant SNUC, ARID1A mutant PDSNCs, and NUT carcinomas, have recently been proposed as separate entities. Identification of aberrant DNA methylation levels associated with these specific epigenetic driver genes could be useful for prognostic and therapeutic purpose. Methods: Histopathological review and immunohistochemical study was performed on 53 PDSNCs. Molecular analysis included mutational profile by NGS, Sanger sequencing, and MLPA analyses, and global DNA methylation profile using LINE-1 bisulfite-PCR and pyrosequencing analysis. Results: Nine SWI/SNF complex defective cases and five IDH2 p.Arg172x cases were identified. A significant correlation between INI-1 or IDH2 defects and LINE-1 hypermethylation was observed (p = 0.002 and p = 0.032, respectively), which were associated with a worse prognosis (p = 0.007). Conclusions: Genetic and epigenetic characterization of PDSNCs should be performed to identify distinct prognostic entities, which deserved a tailored clinical treatment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sinonasal Cancer: Improving Classification, Stratification and Therapeutic Options)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 2144 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Aberrant Signaling Pathways in Sinonasal Intestinal-Type Adenocarcinoma

by Cristina Riobello, Paula Sánchez-Fernández, Virginia N. Cabal, Rocío García-Marín, Laura Suárez-Fernández, Blanca Vivanco, Verónica Blanco-Lorenzo, César Álvarez Marcos, Fernando López, José Luis Llorente and Mario A. Hermsen

Cancers 2021, 13(19), 5022; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13195022 - 7 Oct 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2549

Abstract

Sinonasal intestinal-type adenocarcinoma (ITAC) is strongly related to occupational exposure to wood and leather dust, however, little is known on the genetic alterations involved in tumor development and progression. The aim of this study was to identify tumorigenic signaling pathways affected by gene [...] Read more.

Sinonasal intestinal-type adenocarcinoma (ITAC) is strongly related to occupational exposure to wood and leather dust, however, little is known on the genetic alterations involved in tumor development and progression. The aim of this study was to identify tumorigenic signaling pathways affected by gene mutations and their relation to clinical features. We applied whole exome sequencing of 120 cancer-related genes in 50 ITACs and analyzed the signaling activity of four specific pathways frequently affected by mutations. Genes involved in DNA damage response showed somatic mutations in 30% of cases, including four tumors that also harbored germline mutations. Genes in Wnt, MAPK and PI3K pathways harbored mutations in 20%, 20% and 24% of cases, respectively. Mutations and copy number gains in receptor tyrosine kinases possibly affecting MAPK and PI3K pathways occurred in 44% of cases. Expression of key pathway proteins showed no correlation to mutations in these pathways, except for nuclear β-catenin and APC/CTNNB1 mutation. No specific gene mutation, mutated pathway, nor pathway activity level showed correlation to clinical data or survival. In addition, a similar mutational profile was observed among histological subtypes. The wide spectrum of gene mutations suggests that ITAC is a genetically heterogeneous without specific characterizing gene mutations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sinonasal Cancer: Improving Classification, Stratification and Therapeutic Options)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 2381 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Imaging of Skull Base and Orbital Invasion in Sinonasal Cancer: Correlation with Histopathology

by Maxime Salfrant, Gabriel C. T. E. Garcia, Jean-Pierre Guichard, François Bidault, Daniel Reizine, Anne Aupérin, Damien Bresson, Benjamin Verillaud, Philippe Herman and Antoine Moya-Plana

Cancers 2021, 13(19), 4963; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13194963 - 1 Oct 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2526

Abstract

Background: Pretreatment assessment of local extension in sinonasal cancer is essential for prognostic evaluation and surgical planning. The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic performance of two common imaging techniques (CT and MRI) for the diagnosis of skull base and [...] Read more.

Background: Pretreatment assessment of local extension in sinonasal cancer is essential for prognostic evaluation and surgical planning. The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic performance of two common imaging techniques (CT and MRI) for the diagnosis of skull base and orbital invasion by comparing imaging findings to histopathological data. Methods: This was a retrospective two-center study including patients with sinonasal cancer involving the skull base and/or the orbit operated on between 2000 and 2019. Patients were included only if pre-operative CT and/or MRI, operative and histopathologic reports were available. A double prospective blinded imaging review was conducted according to predefined radiological parameters. Radiologic tumor extension was compared to histopathological reports, which were considered the gold standard. The predictive positive value (PPV) for the diagnosis of skull base/orbital invasion was calculated for each parameter. Results: A total of 176 patients were included. Ethmoidal intestinal-type adenocarcinoma was the most common type of cancer (41%). The PPV for major modification of the bony skull base was 78% on the CT scan, and 89% on MRI. MRI signs of dural invasion with the highest PPVs were: contact angle over 45° between tumor and dura (86%), irregular deformation of dura adjacent to tumor (87%) and nodular dural enhancement over 2 mm in thickness (87%). Signs of orbital invasion had low PPVs (<50%). Conclusions: This retrospective study provides objective data about the diagnostic value of pretreatment imaging in patients with sinonasal cancer. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sinonasal Cancer: Improving Classification, Stratification and Therapeutic Options)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 2013 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Who’s Driving? Switch of Drivers in Immunotherapy-Treated Progressing Sinonasal Melanoma

by Sandra N. Freiberger, Patrick Turko, Martin Hüllner, Reinhard Dummer, Grégoire B. Morand, Mitchell P. Levesque, David Holzmann and Niels J. Rupp

Cancers 2021, 13(11), 2725; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13112725 - 31 May 2021

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2526

Abstract

Mucosal melanoma can be driven by various driver mutations in genes such as NRAS, KIT, or KRAS. However, some cases present with only weak drivers, or lacking known oncogenic drivers, suggesting immunotherapy over targeted therapy. While resistance mechanisms to immunotherapy [...] Read more.

Mucosal melanoma can be driven by various driver mutations in genes such as NRAS, KIT, or KRAS. However, some cases present with only weak drivers, or lacking known oncogenic drivers, suggesting immunotherapy over targeted therapy. While resistance mechanisms to immunotherapy in cutaneous melanoma have been uncovered, including alterations in JAK1/2, B2M, or STK11, a switch of oncogenic drivers under immunotherapy has not yet been observed. We report three cases of metastatic sinonasal melanoma that switched oncogenic drivers from KRAS, KIT, or no driver to NRAS during or after immunotherapy, thereby showing progressive disease. One of the cases presented with three spatially separate driver mutations in the primary tumor, whereas the NRAS clone persisted under immunotherapy. In comparison, three different control cases receiving radiotherapy only did not show a change of the detectable molecular drivers in their respective recurrences or metastases. In summary, these data provide an important rationale for longitudinal molecular testing, based on evidence for an unforeseen recurrent event of molecular driver switch to NRAS in progressing sinonasal melanoma. These findings provide the basis for further studies on a potential causal relation of emerging NRAS mutant clones and immunotherapy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sinonasal Cancer: Improving Classification, Stratification and Therapeutic Options)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Review

Jump to: Editorial, Research, Other

15 pages, 3802 KiB

Open AccessReview

Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Contemporary Management and Patient Outcomes

by Jacob G. Eide, Kevin C. Welch, Nithin D. Adappa, James N. Palmer and Charles C. L. Tong

Cancers 2022, 14(9), 2195; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14092195 - 28 Apr 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 9881

Abstract

Inverted papillomas (IP) are the most common sinonasal tumor with a tendency for recurrence, potential attachment to the orbit and skull base, and risk of malignant degeneration into squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). While the overall rate of recurrence has decreased with the widespread [...] Read more.

Inverted papillomas (IP) are the most common sinonasal tumor with a tendency for recurrence, potential attachment to the orbit and skull base, and risk of malignant degeneration into squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). While the overall rate of recurrence has decreased with the widespread adoption of high-definition endoscopic optics and advanced surgical tools, there remain challenges in managing tumors that are multiply recurrent or involve vital neurovascular structures. Here, we review the state-of-the-art diagnostic tools for IP and IP-degenerated SCC, contemporary surgical management, and propose a surveillance protocol. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sinonasal Cancer: Improving Classification, Stratification and Therapeutic Options)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 4874 KiB

Open AccessReview

Towards a Molecular Classification of Sinonasal Carcinomas: Clinical Implications and Opportunities

by Cecilia Taverna, Abbas Agaimy and Alessandro Franchi

Cancers 2022, 14(6), 1463; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14061463 - 12 Mar 2022

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 4247

Abstract

Sinonasal carcinomas are a heterogeneous group of rare tumors, often with high-grade and/or undifferentiated morphology and aggressive clinical course. In recent years, with increasing molecular testing, unique sinonasal tumor subsets have been identified based on specific genetic alterations, including protein expression, chromosomal translocations, [...] Read more.

Sinonasal carcinomas are a heterogeneous group of rare tumors, often with high-grade and/or undifferentiated morphology and aggressive clinical course. In recent years, with increasing molecular testing, unique sinonasal tumor subsets have been identified based on specific genetic alterations, including protein expression, chromosomal translocations, specific gene mutations, or infection by oncogenic viruses. These include, among others, the identification of a subset of sinonasal carcinomas associated with HPV infection, the identification of a subset of squamous cell carcinomas with EGFR alterations, and of rare variants with chromosomal translocations (DEK::AFF2, ETV6::NTRK and others). The group of sinonasal adenocarcinomas remains very heterogeneous at the molecular level, but some recurrent and potentially targetable genetic alterations have been identified. Finally, poorly differentiated and undifferentiated sinonasal carcinomas have undergone a significant refinement of their subtyping, with the identification of several new novel molecular subgroups, such as NUT carcinoma, IDH mutated sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma and SWI/SNF deficient sinonasal malignancies. Thus, molecular profiling is progressively integrated in the histopathologic classification of sinonasal carcinomas, and it is likely to influence the management of these tumors in the near future. In this review, we summarize the recent developments in the molecular characterization of sinonasal carcinomas and we discuss how these findings are likely to contribute to the classification of this group of rare tumors, with a focus on the potential new opportunities for treatment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sinonasal Cancer: Improving Classification, Stratification and Therapeutic Options)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 1018 KiB

Open AccessReview

EGFR Exon 20 Insertion Mutations in Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

by Laura Pacini, Virginia N. Cabal, Mario A. Hermsen and Paul H. Huang

Cancers 2022, 14(2), 394; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14020394 - 13 Jan 2022

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3804

Abstract

Recurrent epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-activating mutations have been identified in a rare form of head and neck cancer known as sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC), a malignant disease with a 5-year mortality rate of ~40%. Interestingly, the majority of EGFR [...] Read more.

Recurrent epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-activating mutations have been identified in a rare form of head and neck cancer known as sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC), a malignant disease with a 5-year mortality rate of ~40%. Interestingly, the majority of EGFR mutations identified in patients with primary SNSCC are exon 20 insertions (Ex20ins), which is in contrast to non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), where the EGFR exon 19 deletion and L858R mutations predominate. These studies demonstrate that EGFR Ex20ins mutations are not exclusive to lung cancer as previously believed, but are also involved in driving SNSCC pathogenesis. Here we review the landscape of EGFR mutations in SNSCC, with a particular focus on SNSCC associated with inverted sinonasal papilloma (ISP), a benign epithelial neoplasm. Taking lessons from NSCLC, we also discuss potential new treatment options for ISP-associated SNSCC harbouring EGFR Ex20ins in the context of targeted therapies, drug resistance and precision cancer medicine. Moving forward, further basic and translational work is needed to delineate the biology of EGFR Ex20ins in SNSCC in order to develop more effective treatments for patients with this rare disease. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sinonasal Cancer: Improving Classification, Stratification and Therapeutic Options)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 2168 KiB

Open AccessReview

Precision Postoperative Radiotherapy in Sinonasal Carcinomas after Endonasal Endoscopic Surgery

by Juliette Thariat, Florent Carsuzaa, Pierre Yves Marcy, Benjamin Verillaud, Ludovic de Gabory and Francois Regis Ferrand

Cancers 2021, 13(19), 4802; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13194802 - 25 Sep 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2616

Abstract

Radiotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of sinonasal cancer, mainly in the adjuvant setting after surgical resection. Many technological approaches have been described, including intensity-modulated radiotherapy, concomitant chemoradiotherapy, charged particle therapy or combined approaches. The choice is based on general criteria [...] Read more.

Radiotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of sinonasal cancer, mainly in the adjuvant setting after surgical resection. Many technological approaches have been described, including intensity-modulated radiotherapy, concomitant chemoradiotherapy, charged particle therapy or combined approaches. The choice is based on general criteria related to the oncological results and morbidity of each technique and their availability, as well as specific criteria related to the tumor (tumor extensions, pathology and quality of margins). The aims of this review are: (i) to provide an overview of the radiotherapy techniques available for the management of sinonasal malignant tumors and (ii) to describe the constraints and opportunities of radiotherapy owing to the recent developments of endonasal endoscopic surgery. The indication and morbidity of the different techniques will be discussed based on a critical literature review. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sinonasal Cancer: Improving Classification, Stratification and Therapeutic Options)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 1290 KiB

Open AccessReview

Surgical Management of Sinonasal Cancers: A Comprehensive Review

by Florian Chatelet, François Simon, Vincent Bedarida, Nicolas Le Clerc, Homa Adle-Biassette, Philippe Manivet, Philippe Herman and Benjamin Verillaud

Cancers 2021, 13(16), 3995; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13163995 - 8 Aug 2021

Cited by 20 | Viewed by 4752

Abstract

Surgery plays an important role in the treatment of sinonasal cancer. Many surgical approaches have been described, including open, endoscopic, or combined approaches. The choice is based on several criteria: general criteria related to the oncological results and morbidity of each technique, specific [...] Read more.

Surgery plays an important role in the treatment of sinonasal cancer. Many surgical approaches have been described, including open, endoscopic, or combined approaches. The choice is based on several criteria: general criteria related to the oncological results and morbidity of each technique, specific criteria related to the tumor (tumor extensions, tumor pathology), the patient, or the surgeon himself. The aims of this review are (i) to provide a complete overview of the surgical techniques available for the management of sinonasal malignant tumors, with a special focus on recent developments in the field of transnasal endoscopic surgery; (ii) to summarize the criteria that lead to the choice of one technique over another. In particular, the oncological outcomes, the morbidity of the different techniques, and the specificities of each histologic subtype will be discussed based on a comprehensive literature review. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sinonasal Cancer: Improving Classification, Stratification and Therapeutic Options)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 2291 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Role of Elective Neck Treatment in the Management of Sinonasal Carcinomas: A Systematic Review of the Literature and a Meta-Analysis

by Costanza Galloni, Luca Giovanni Locatello, Chiara Bruno, Angelo Cannavicci, Giandomenico Maggiore and Oreste Gallo

Cancers 2021, 13(8), 1842; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13081842 - 13 Apr 2021

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 2273

Abstract

The impact of elective neck treatment (ENT), whether by irradiation or dissection, on the prognosis of patients with cN0 sinonasal carcinomas (SNCs) remains an understudied issue. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature were performed according to PRISMA guidelines in order [...] Read more.

The impact of elective neck treatment (ENT), whether by irradiation or dissection, on the prognosis of patients with cN0 sinonasal carcinomas (SNCs) remains an understudied issue. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature were performed according to PRISMA guidelines in order to assess regional nodal relapse rate after ENT compared to observation in cN0 SNCs patients. Twenty-six articles for a total of 1178 clinically N0 patients were analyzed. Globally, the 5-year overall survival was 52%; 34.6% of patients underwent ENT and 140 regional recurrences were registered (5.9% in the ENT cohort and 15% in the observation group). ENT appears to confer a lower risk of regional recurrence compared to observation alone, with a cumulative OR of 0.38 (95% CI 0.25–0.58). Our meta-analysis supports the efficacy of ENT for reducing the risk of regional recurrence, but its overall impact on survival remains uncertain. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sinonasal Cancer: Improving Classification, Stratification and Therapeutic Options)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Other

Jump to: Editorial, Research, Review

12 pages, 750 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Human Papillomavirus and Survival of Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

by Anish Sharma, Alice L. Tang, Vinita Takiar, Trisha M. Wise-Draper and Scott M. Langevin

Cancers 2021, 13(15), 3677; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13153677 - 22 Jul 2021

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 2418

Abstract

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is detectable in a subset of sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC), but the impact on patient outcomes is presently unclear due to a modest number of studies with limited statistical power. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to [...] Read more.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is detectable in a subset of sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC), but the impact on patient outcomes is presently unclear due to a modest number of studies with limited statistical power. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to better clarify this relationship. A PubMed search was conducted to identify all studies reporting on overall (OS) or disease-free survival (DFS) for SNSCC by HPV status. Hazard ratios (HR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were extracted or, when not provided, indirectly estimated from each manuscript. Summary survival curves for 5-year OS and estimating survival probability by HPV status at pre-specified time intervals from study-specific Kaplan-Meier curves generated 2-year DFS. Log HRs and log CIs were combined across studies to generate summary estimates and a corresponding 95% CIs for OS and DFS. We identified ten unique studies reporting on OS and four for DFS. We observed a significant association between HPV and OS (summary HR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.38–0.70) with relatively low heterogeneity between studies. These results indicate that HPV is a significant predictor of more favorable survival for SNSCC, and thus may be a useful biomarker for prognostication and, potentially, treatment modulation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sinonasal Cancer: Improving Classification, Stratification and Therapeutic Options)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

Sinonasal Cancer: Improving Classification, Stratification and Therapeutic Options

Share This Special Issue

Special Issue Editors

Special Issue Information

Keywords

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

Published Papers (16 papers)

Editorial

Research

Review

Other

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI