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Diagnostics
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Advances in Spine Imaging
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Advances in Spine Imaging

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Imaging and Theranostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 4609

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Wen-Tien Wu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Orthopedics, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970473, Taiwan
2. School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970374, Taiwan
Interests: spinal surgery and research; minimal invasive spine surgery; general orthopedic surgery and research; cervical spine disease, trauma, and surgery
Dr. Kuang-Ting Yeh

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Orthopedics, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
Interests: trauma and fracture management; osteoarthritis and spinal disease diagnosis and research; hand and wrist surgery
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Advanced quantitative imaging has led to a greater understanding of the high prevalence of spinal disorders, including degenerative spine disease, osteoporotic vertebral fractures, trauma, and oncologic metastasis. The accurate diagnosis and surgical treatment of spine disease through advanced image studies have become essential during the last decade. Current research aims to understand the effectiveness of treatment outcomes for spinal diseases using different strategies regarding imaging studies of the pathologic spine region. The aim of this Special Issue of Diagnostics is to highlight research on diagnoses, medical treatment or surgical management under the assistance of advanced image studies, including radiography, quantitative musculoskeletal ultrasound, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear medicine, tomographic imaging and artificial-intelligence-based algorithms. The scope of this Special Issue will include studies that clearly articulate the relationship between successful and accurate diagnosis and treatment outcomes through the effective arrangement of advanced images.

Dr. Wen-Tien Wu
Dr. Kuang-Ting Yeh
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • advanced images for improving qualities of perioperative spine surgery

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 2103 KiB  
Article
Regional Variations in the Intra- and Intervertebral Trabecular Microarchitecture of the Osteoporotic Axial Skeleton with Reference to the Direction of Puncture
by Guido Schröder, Thomas Mittlmeier, Patrick Gahr, Sahra Ulusoy, Laura Hiepe, Marko Schulze, Andreas Götz, Reimer Andresen and Hans-Christof Schober
Diagnostics 2024, 14(5), 498; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14050498 - 26 Feb 2024
Viewed by 818
Abstract
Background: Trabeculae in vertebral bodies are unequally distributed within the cervical spine (CS), the thoracic spine (TS), and lumbar spine (LS). Such structures are also unequally distributed within the individual vertebrae. Exact knowledge of the microstructure of these entities could impact our understanding [...] Read more.
Background: Trabeculae in vertebral bodies are unequally distributed within the cervical spine (CS), the thoracic spine (TS), and lumbar spine (LS). Such structures are also unequally distributed within the individual vertebrae. Exact knowledge of the microstructure of these entities could impact our understanding and treatment of fractures caused by osteoporosis and possibly improve surgical approaches. Appropriate investigations could help clarify the pathomechanisms of different forms of osteoporotic vertebral fractures, as well as different changes in morphological findings like the trabecular bone score (TBS). In the present study, we applied punctures to the craniocaudal and ventrocaudal directions and obtained cylinders of cancellous bone from the central portions and marginal regions of cervical vertebrae 5 and 6, thoracic vertebrae 8 and 12, and lumbar vertebrae 1 and 3. We systematically analyzed these samples to determine the bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness, separation, connectivity density, degree of anisotropy, and structure model index. Methods: Using an 8-gauge Jamshidi needle, we obtained samples from three quadrants (Q I: right margin; Q II: central; Q III: left margin) in the frontal and transverse plane and prepared these samples with a moist cloth in a 1.5 mL Eppendorf reaction vessel. The investigations were performed on a micro-CT device (SKYSCAN 1172, RJL Micro & Analytic Company, Karlsdorf-Neuthard, Germany). All collected data were analyzed using the statistical software package SPSS (version 24.0, IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Student’s t test, the Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test, the Chi-squared test, and univariate analysis were used for between-group comparisons. The selection of the test depended on the number of investigated groups and the result of the Shapiro–Wilk test of normal distribution. In the case of statistically significant results, a post hoc LSD test was performed. Results: In total, we obtained 360 bone samples from 20 body donors. The craniocaudal puncture yielded data of similar magnitudes for all investigated parameters in all three quadrants, with the highest values observed in the CS. Comparisons of the ventrodorsal and craniocaudal microstructure revealed a significantly lower trabecular density and a significantly higher degree of anisotropy in the craniocaudal direction. Conclusions: The results presented different distributions and behaviors of trabecular density, with lower density in the mid-vertebral region over the entire breadth of the vertebrae. Reduced trabecular density caused a higher degree of anisotropy and was, therefore, associated with a lower capacity to sustain biomechanical loads. Fractures in fish vertebrae were easily explained by this phenomenon. The different changes in these structures could be responsible, in part, for the changes in the TBS determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. These results confirm the clinical relevance of the TBS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Spine Imaging)
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19 pages, 2367 KiB  
Article
Nerve Root Compression Analysis to Find Lumbar Spine Stenosis on MRI Using CNN
by Turrnum Shahzadi, Muhammad Usman Ali, Fiaz Majeed, Muhammad Usman Sana, Raquel Martínez Diaz, Md Abdus Samad and Imran Ashraf
Diagnostics 2023, 13(18), 2975; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13182975 - 18 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1542
Abstract
Lumbar spine stenosis (LSS) is caused by low back pain that exerts pressure on the nerves in the spine. Detecting LSS is a significantly important yet difficult task. It is detected by analyzing the area of the anteroposterior diameter of the patient’s lumbar [...] Read more.
Lumbar spine stenosis (LSS) is caused by low back pain that exerts pressure on the nerves in the spine. Detecting LSS is a significantly important yet difficult task. It is detected by analyzing the area of the anteroposterior diameter of the patient’s lumbar spine. Currently, the versatility and accuracy of LSS segmentation algorithms are limited. The objective of this research is to use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to automatically categorize LSS. This study presents a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based method to detect LSS using MRI images. Radiological grading is performed on a publicly available dataset. Four regions of interest (ROIs) are determined to diagnose LSS with normal, mild, moderate, and severe gradings. The experiments are performed on 1545 axial-view MRI images. Furthermore, two datasets—multi-ROI and single-ROI—are created. For training and testing, an 80:20 ratio of randomly selected labeled datasets is used, with fivefold cross-validation. The results of the proposed model reveal a 97.01% accuracy for multi-ROI and 97.71% accuracy for single-ROI. The proposed computer-aided diagnosis approach can significantly improve diagnostic accuracy in everyday clinical workflows to assist medical experts in decision making. The proposed CNN-based MRI image segmentation approach shows its efficacy on a variety of datasets. Results are compared to existing state-of-the-art studies, indicating the superior performance of the proposed approach. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Spine Imaging)
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Other

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12 pages, 2139 KiB  
Case Report
Delta Cord as a Radiological Localization Sign of Postoperative Adhesive Arachnoiditis: A Case Report and Literature Review
by Yi-Ting Tu, Yung-Hsiao Chiang and Jiann-Her Lin
Diagnostics 2023, 13(18), 2942; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13182942 - 14 Sep 2023
Viewed by 1624
Abstract
Postoperative adhesive arachnoiditis is an inflammatory response of the spinal leptomeninges that occurs after surgery and results in scar formation in the avascular nature of the arachnoid layer. Clinical manifestations of postoperative adhesive arachnoiditis include pain, sensory deficits, motor dysfunction, reflex abnormalities, and [...] Read more.
Postoperative adhesive arachnoiditis is an inflammatory response of the spinal leptomeninges that occurs after surgery and results in scar formation in the avascular nature of the arachnoid layer. Clinical manifestations of postoperative adhesive arachnoiditis include pain, sensory deficits, motor dysfunction, reflex abnormalities, and bladder or bowel impairment. In magnetic resonance imaging scans, signs of postoperative adhesive arachnoiditis can vary; however, some indicators can assist surgeons in locating the lesion accurately and, thus, in planning effective surgical interventions. This paper reports the case of a 37-year-old man with postoperative adhesive arachnoiditis after two surgeries for Chiari I malformation. This case illustrates the progressive development of the “delta cord sign”, which refers to the formation of a thick arachnoid band causing the spinal cord to adopt a triangular shape in the axial view. This phenomenon is accompanied by the sequential occurrence of syringomyelia. During intraoperative examination, we identified the presence of the delta cord sign, which had been formed by an arachnoid scar that tethered the dorsal spinal cord to the dura. This discovery enabled us to precisely pinpoint the location of the arachnoid scar and thus provided us with guidance that enabled us to avoid unnecessary exploration of unaffected structures during the procedure. Other localization signs were also reviewed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Spine Imaging)
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