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Energies
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Impact of Climate Change on Wave Energy Resources
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Impact of Climate Change on Wave Energy Resources

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A3: Wind, Wave and Tidal Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2021) | Viewed by 10165

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Joan Pau Sierra

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratori d’Enginyeria Marítima, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya - BARCELONATECH, Barcelona, Spain
Interests: climate change; coastal engineering; marine hydrodynamics; marine renewable energies; port engineering; water quality
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Marc Mestres

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratori d’Enginyeria Marítima, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya - BARCELONATECH, Barcelona, Spain
Interests: climate change; marine hydrodynamics; water quality; numerical modelling; coastal engineering

Special Issue Information

Dear colleagues,

Climate change generates impacts on the environment, including potential changes in wind and atmospheric pressure patterns that in turn modify hydrodynamic features like the wave climate. In addition, sea level rise (SLR) will increase the water depth in coastal areas, altering wave propagation conditions. As a consequence, wave energy resources and the energy output from wave energy converters (WECs) may change substantially. These changes may be either positive or negative, i.e. they can increase or reduce the wave energy resource and the amount of energy harvested by WECs. On the other hand, a potential increase of extreme events could threaten the survival of deployed WECs.

This Special Issue of Energies calls for innovative research, case studies, reviews and assessment papers (at the local, regional or global scale) in the following topics:

  • Changes in wave energy resources in coastal areas due to alterations in wave climate.
  • Changes in WEC output as a consequence of variations in wave climate.
  • Impacts on coastal hydrodynamics generated by WEC farms under the new wave conditions.

Papers dealing with WEC survivality and adaptation measures to prevent or reduce such impacts will also be welcome. In addition, contributions that describe the socioeconomic consequences of the aforementioned impacts also fit the scope of this Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Joan Pau Sierra
Dr. Marc Mestres
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • climate change
  • wave climate
  • wave energy resource
  • WEC output
  • socioeconomic impacts
  • WEC survivality
  • numerical modelling of waves
  • impact of WEC farms

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 2757 KiB  
Article
Impact of Climate Change on Wave Energy Resource in the Mediterranean Coast of Morocco
by Joan Pau Sierra, Ricard Castrillo, Marc Mestres, César Mösso, Piero Lionello and Luigi Marzo
Energies 2020, 13(11), 2993; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13112993 - 10 Jun 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2387
Abstract
The increasing demand for energy and the impacts generated by CO2 emissions make it necessary to harness all possible renewable sources of energy, like wave power. Nevertheless, climate change may generate significant variations in the amount of wave energy available in a [...] Read more.
The increasing demand for energy and the impacts generated by CO2 emissions make it necessary to harness all possible renewable sources of energy, like wave power. Nevertheless, climate change may generate significant variations in the amount of wave energy available in a certain area. The aim of this paper is to study potential changes in the wave energy resource in the Mediterranean coast of Morocco due to climate change. To do this, wave datasets obtained by four institutes during the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment in the Mediterranean Region (Med-CORDEX) project are used. The future conditions correspond to the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios from the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The results show that projected future wave power is very similar to that of the present considering the whole area, although at some specific points there are slight changes that are more evident for the RCP8.5 scenario. Another remarkable result of this study is the significant increase of the temporal variability of wave power in future scenarios, in particular for RCP8.5. This will be detrimental for the deployment of wave energy converters in this area since their energy output will be more unevenly distributed over time, thus decreasing their efficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of Climate Change on Wave Energy Resources)
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23 pages, 6906 KiB  
Article
Changes in Wave Energy in the Shelf Seas of India during the Last 40 Years Based on ERA5 Reanalysis Data
by M. M. Amrutha and V. Sanil Kumar
Energies 2020, 13(1), 115; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13010115 - 25 Dec 2019
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 3188
Abstract
Ocean wave energy is one of the cleanest renewable energy sources around the globe, but wave energy varies widely from place to place and from time to time. The long-term variability of wave power at 20 locations in the Indian shelf seas from [...] Read more.
Ocean wave energy is one of the cleanest renewable energy sources around the globe, but wave energy varies widely from place to place and from time to time. The long-term variability of wave power at 20 locations in the Indian shelf seas from 1979 to 2018 is described here using the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts recently released ERA5 reanalysis hourly data. The variability is calculated on a yearly and monthly basis for the locations based on the coefficient of variation. The annual average wave power varied from 2.3 (at location 16 in the western Bay of Bengal) to 11 kW/m (at location 2 in the northeastern Arabian Sea). Along the western shelf seas, the maximum value of wave power is during the southwest monsoon period and along the east coast, it is during the tropical cyclone period. The standard deviation in wave power is more than the mean value at locations along the northern shelf seas of India, indicating a large variability in wave power in an annual cycle. The west coast locations are shown to have a slightly higher increasing trend with an average of 0.024 kW/m per year, while the increasing trend in wave power of east coast locations is with an average of 0.015 kW/m per year. The study also examines the variation in wave power from deep to shallow water at 2 locations using the wave characteristics obtained from the numerical model SWAN. The electric power output from a few wave energy converters are calculated for all the locations and found that the southernmost locations have a steady and higher percentage of power production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of Climate Change on Wave Energy Resources)
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16 pages, 3514 KiB  
Article
Attenuation of Wave Energy Due to Mangrove Vegetation off Mumbai, India
by Samiksha S. V., P. Vethamony, Prasad K. Bhaskaran, P. Pednekar, M. Jishad and R. Arthur James
Energies 2019, 12(22), 4286; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12224286 - 11 Nov 2019
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3837
Abstract
Coastal regions of India are prone to sea level rise, cyclones, storm surges, and human-induced activities, resulting in flood, erosion, and inundation, and some of these impacts could be attributed to climate change. Mangroves play a very protective role against some of these [...] Read more.
Coastal regions of India are prone to sea level rise, cyclones, storm surges, and human-induced activities, resulting in flood, erosion, and inundation, and some of these impacts could be attributed to climate change. Mangroves play a very protective role against some of these coastal hazards. The primary aim of the study was to estimate wave energy attenuation by mangrove vegetation using modeling, and to validate the model results with measurements conducted off Mumbai coast, where a mangrove forest is present. Wave measurements were carried out from 5–8 August 2015 at three locations in a transect normal to the coast using surface-mounted pressure-level sensors in spring tide conditions. The measured data presented wave height attenuation of the order of 52%. Model set-up and sensitivity analyses were conducted to understand the model performance with respect to vegetation parameters. It was observed that wave attenuation increases with an increase in drag coefficient, vegetation density, and stem diameter. For a typical set-up in the Mumbai coastal region having a vegetation density of 0.175 per m2, stem diameter of 0.3 m, and drag coefficient varying from 0.4 to 1.5, the model reproduced attenuation ranging from 49% to 55%, which matches reasonably well with the measured data. Spectral analysis performed for the cases with and without vegetation very clearly portrays energy dissipation in the vegetation area. This study also highlights the importance of climate change and mangrove vegetation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of Climate Change on Wave Energy Resources)
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