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Energies
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Lithium–Sulfur Batteries: Progress and Prospects
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Lithium–Sulfur Batteries: Progress and Prospects

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "D2: Electrochem: Batteries, Fuel Cells, Capacitors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 April 2023) | Viewed by 5303

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Jordi Jacas Biendicho

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Catalonia Institute for Energy Research-IREC, Sant Adrià de Besòs, 08930 Barcelona, Spain
Interests: materials science; batteries; in situ characterization; electrochemistry

Special Issue Information

Dear colleagues,

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are promising due to their high theoretical energy density, low price and improved sustainability and safety with respect to lithium-ion batteries. However, several challenges require overcoming before Li–S batteries can be deployed commercially, such as the low utilization of active materials, a poor cycle life and low system efficiency, requiring new components and further cell development and characterization to achieve next-generation high-energy Li–S batteries.

Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • New composite materials as the cathode to enhance the battery cycle life and kinetics.
  • Interface engineering on Li metal.
  • Electrolytes and additives to improve electrochemical performance (and safety) of Li–S batteries.
  • Solid electrolytes (gels, solid polymers, inorganic ceramics and inorganic–organic composites) for Li–S batteries.
  • Insights into the sulfur reaction mechanism(s) using in situ or ex situ characterization techniques.
  • Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy characterization of Li–S battery components and cells.
  • Li–S pouch cell manufacturing, including high-loading electrode fabrication, electrolyte filling or cell activation.
  • Modelling the electrochemical performance or aging mechanisms of Li–S cells.
  • Life cycle assessment or second life of Li–S batteries.

Dr. Jordi Jacas Biendicho
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries
  • Li metal anode
  • cathode composite
  • shuttle effect
  • reaction kinetics
  • impedance spectroscopy
  • cell manufacturing
  • high-energy density cells
  • aging mechanisms
  • life cycle assessment
  • second life

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 3406 KiB  
Article
Tubular C3N4 Nanotubes as Metal-Free Sulfur Hosts toward Stable Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
by Chaoqi Zhang, Ruifeng Du, Sara Martí-Sánchez, Ke Xiao, Dawei Yang, Chaoyue Zhang, Canhuang Li, Guifang Zeng, Xingqi Chang, Ren He, Jordi Arbiol, Junshan Li, Jordi Jacas Biendicho and Andreu Cabot
Energies 2023, 16(12), 4545; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16124545 - 6 Jun 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1566
Abstract
Lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) with high energy density have the potential to replace current commercial lithium-ion batteries. However, the shuttle effect and the low conversion kinetics of lithium polysulfide (LiPS) remain the main challenges in the development of LSBs. In this study, a metal-free [...] Read more.
Lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) with high energy density have the potential to replace current commercial lithium-ion batteries. However, the shuttle effect and the low conversion kinetics of lithium polysulfide (LiPS) remain the main challenges in the development of LSBs. In this study, a metal-free and simple-to-prepare carbon nitride with a high surface area and tubular morphology (CN-nt) is used as the sulfur host for LSBs. Due to its unique nanostructure and rich active sites, it not only effectively disperses the active sulfur material and anchors soluble polysulfide species, but it also promotes the nucleation process of Li2S, thus achieving fast and sustainable Li-S redox reactions. Experimental results show that the obtained S@CN-nt electrodes exhibit a high sulfur utilization of 1296.2 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and a significant rate capability of 689.4 mAh g−1 at the high current rate of 3C. More importantly, the capacity retention reaches 87.7% after 500 cycles. This simple strategy of engineering unique carbon-based nanostructured hosts can inspire new ideas for developing cost-effective and metal-free host materials for sulfur-based batteries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lithium–Sulfur Batteries: Progress and Prospects)
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12 pages, 12408 KiB  
Article
Sulfur Loading as a Manufacturing Key Factor of Additive-Free Cathodes for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries Prepared by Composite Electroforming
by Wassima El Mofid and Timo Sörgel
Energies 2023, 16(3), 1134; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16031134 - 19 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1402
Abstract
The promised prospects of Li–S technology, especially within the energy situation of the 21st century, have sparked a renewed interest from the scientific community in the 2000s. In this context, we present our new vision for the fabrication of novel cathodes for Li–S [...] Read more.
The promised prospects of Li–S technology, especially within the energy situation of the 21st century, have sparked a renewed interest from the scientific community in the 2000s. In this context, we present our new vision for the fabrication of novel cathodes for Li–S batteries that were synthesized using the first combination of composite plating and electroforming (composite electroforming). The latter consists of electroforming the current collector foil directly in a one-step process. Simultaneously, the active material is introduced into the metal matrix by means of composite plating. Reduced technological steps, better performance and resource-saving production, combined with a potentially easier and highly efficient way of recycling electrodes, are achievements of the current method. In the present work, novel cathodes for lithium–sulfur batteries were synthesized by composite electroforming of AlSi10Mg0.4@Ni foil from a nickel sulfamate-based electrolyte with AlSi10Mg0.4 particles used as dispersoids. The composite foil is subsequently etched in order to increase the specific surface area of the aluminum alloy particles. The last manufacturing and key step of the ready-to-use cathodes for Li–S batteries is the sulfur loading, which was conducted using two different ways: by spin coating in melted sulfur at 160 °C or electrochemically from a sodium sulfide aqueous solution (Na2S(aq)). Morphological and electrochemical characterization by SEM and galvanostatic cycling, respectively, exhibited a remarkable difference in terms of the sulfur distribution and the surface morphology as well as a considerable improvement of the rate capability and cyclability for the electrochemically loaded cathode as against the spin-coated one. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lithium–Sulfur Batteries: Progress and Prospects)
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14 pages, 1111 KiB  
Article
Dual Extended Kalman Filter for State of Charge Estimation of Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
by Lluís Trilla, Lluc Canals Casals, Jordi Jacas and Pol Paradell
Energies 2022, 15(19), 6989; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15196989 - 23 Sep 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1461
Abstract
Lithium-Sulfur is a promising technology for the next generation of batteries and research efforts for early-stage prototype implementation increased in recent years. For the development of a suitable Battery Management System, a state estimator is required; however, lithium-sulfur behavior presents a large non-observable [...] Read more.
Lithium-Sulfur is a promising technology for the next generation of batteries and research efforts for early-stage prototype implementation increased in recent years. For the development of a suitable Battery Management System, a state estimator is required; however, lithium-sulfur behavior presents a large non-observable region that may difficult the convergence of the state estimation algorithm leading to large errors or even instability. A dual Extended Kalman Filter is proposed to circumvent the non-observability region. This objective is achieved by combining a parameter estimation algorithm with a cell model that includes non-linear behavior such as self-discharge and cell degradation. The resulting dual Kalman filter is applied to lithium–sulfur batteries to estimate their State-of-Charge incorporating the effects of degradation, temperature, and self-discharge deviations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lithium–Sulfur Batteries: Progress and Prospects)
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