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Life
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The Mobilome in Vertebrate Genomes
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The Mobilome in Vertebrate Genomes

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Genetics and Genomics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2021) | Viewed by 10116

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Maria Assunta Biscotti

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
Interests: genome evolution; repetitive DNA; transposable elements; gene families; genomic and transcriptomic data; evolutionary biology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Adriana Canapa

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
Interests: genome evolution; repetitive DNA; transposable elements; gene families; genomic and transcriptomic data; evolutionary biology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Genome evolution has attracted the interest of evolutionary biologists. With the increase in the popularity of genome sequencing, large amounts of data are available and the comparison among several species has highlighted intriguing differences in genome size and composition. The causes and mechanisms underlining these aspects represent a challenge and a fascinating field of research. Transposable elements constitute a consistent fraction of the genome. Due to their mechanisms of transposition, these genetic elements are considered among the main drivers of species evolution, contributing to genome plasticity.

In this Special Issue of Life, we invite researchers from all over the world to share with us the advances in our understanding of role of transposable elements in vertebrate genome evolution.

This includes original work and review articles dealing with transposable elements and their presence and impact in vertebrate genomes.

Prof. Dr. Maria Assunta Biscotti
Prof. Dr. Adriana Canapa
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Life is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • transposable elements
  • mobilome
  • repetitive DNA
  • genome size
  • genome evolution
  • vertebrates

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

29 pages, 8331 KiB  
Review
Retrotransposons as Drivers of Mammalian Brain Evolution
by Roberto Ferrari, Nicole Grandi, Enzo Tramontano and Giorgio Dieci
Life 2021, 11(5), 376; https://doi.org/10.3390/life11050376 - 22 Apr 2021
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 4894
Abstract
Retrotransposons, a large and diverse class of transposable elements that are still active in humans, represent a remarkable force of genomic innovation underlying mammalian evolution. Among the features distinguishing mammals from all other vertebrates, the presence of a neocortex with a peculiar neuronal [...] Read more.
Retrotransposons, a large and diverse class of transposable elements that are still active in humans, represent a remarkable force of genomic innovation underlying mammalian evolution. Among the features distinguishing mammals from all other vertebrates, the presence of a neocortex with a peculiar neuronal organization, composition and connectivity is perhaps the one that, by affecting the cognitive abilities of mammals, contributed mostly to their evolutionary success. Among mammals, hominids and especially humans display an extraordinarily expanded cortical volume, an enrichment of the repertoire of neural cell types and more elaborate patterns of neuronal connectivity. Retrotransposon-derived sequences have recently been implicated in multiple layers of gene regulation in the brain, from transcriptional and post-transcriptional control to both local and large-scale three-dimensional chromatin organization. Accordingly, an increasing variety of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative conditions are being recognized to be associated with retrotransposon dysregulation. We review here a large body of recent studies lending support to the idea that retrotransposon-dependent evolutionary novelties were crucial for the emergence of mammalian, primate and human peculiarities of brain morphology and function. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Mobilome in Vertebrate Genomes)
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23 pages, 1021 KiB  
Review
Mobile Elements in Ray-Finned Fish Genomes
by Federica Carducci, Marco Barucca, Adriana Canapa, Elisa Carotti and Maria Assunta Biscotti
Life 2020, 10(10), 221; https://doi.org/10.3390/life10100221 - 25 Sep 2020
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 4074
Abstract
Ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii) are a very diverse group of vertebrates, encompassing species adapted to live in freshwater and marine environments, from the deep sea to high mountain streams. Genome sequencing offers a genetic resource for investigating the molecular bases of this phenotypic diversity [...] Read more.
Ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii) are a very diverse group of vertebrates, encompassing species adapted to live in freshwater and marine environments, from the deep sea to high mountain streams. Genome sequencing offers a genetic resource for investigating the molecular bases of this phenotypic diversity and these adaptations to various habitats. The wide range of genome sizes observed in fishes is due to the role of transposable elements (TEs), which are powerful drivers of species diversity. Analyses performed to date provide evidence that class II DNA transposons are the most abundant component in most fish genomes and that compared to other vertebrate genomes, many TE superfamilies are present in actinopterygians. Moreover, specific TEs have been reported in ray-finned fishes as a possible result of an intricate relationship between TE evolution and the environment. The data summarized here underline the biological interest in Actinopterygii as a model group to investigate the mechanisms responsible for the high biodiversity observed in this taxon. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Mobilome in Vertebrate Genomes)
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