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Medicina
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Advanced Technologies in Pediatric Nephrology
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Advanced Technologies in Pediatric Nephrology

A special issue of Medicina (ISSN 1648-9144). This special issue belongs to the section "Pediatrics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2025 | Viewed by 2316

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Kiran K. Upadhyay

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
Interests: kidney; nephrology; transplantation; hypertension; UTI; glomerulonephritis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In this Special Issue, we plan to provide a practical source of information about the common topics in a format that is clear to understand and accessible to all health care professionals involved in treating children and adolescents with kidney diseases. We believe that the open access nature of the journal fulfills this mission. We also aim to refine the knowledge base in pediatric nephrology, where significant advances have been made, and highlight improvements in clinical management. The study areas that we aim to cover are glomerular diseases, advances in management of pediatric hypertension, childhood nephrotic syndrome, advances in lupus nephritis, different aspects of chronic kidney disease, advances in different modalities of renal replacement therapy, advances in kidney transplantation, voiding dysfunction in children, renal tubular diseases, and genetics in renal diseases.

We will solicit original research articles, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and reviews pertaining to these topics. 

Dr. Kiran K. Upadhyay
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Medicina is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • pediatrics
  • kidney transplantation
  • dialysis
  • hypertension
  • nephrotic syndrome
  • glomerulonephritis
  • lupus nephritis
  • chronic kidney disease
  • voiding dysfunction
  • renal tubular disease

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Review

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29 pages, 28164 KiB  
Review
Imaging Diagnosis of Major Kidney and Urinary Tract Disorders in Children
by Ahmad Aldughiem
Medicina 2025, 61(4), 696; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61040696 - 10 Apr 2025
Viewed by 194
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Diagnostic imaging is essential for evaluating urinary tract disorders, offering critical insights into renal pathology. This review examines the strengths, limitations, and clinical applications of various imaging modalities, with a focus on pediatric populations. Materials and Methods: A [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Diagnostic imaging is essential for evaluating urinary tract disorders, offering critical insights into renal pathology. This review examines the strengths, limitations, and clinical applications of various imaging modalities, with a focus on pediatric populations. Materials and Methods: A narrative review was conducted, synthesizing current literature on ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), nuclear medicine, and voiding cystourethrography (VCUG). Relevant studies were selected based on diagnostic accuracy, clinical utility, and safety considerations. Results: US is the preferred first-line imaging due to its safety, accessibility, and cost-effectiveness. CT excels in detecting renal calculi, trauma, and malignancies but is limited by radiation exposure. MRI offers superior soft tissue contrast without radiation but is costly and often requires sedation. Nuclear medicine evaluates renal function and scarring, while VCUG remains the gold standard for diagnosing vesicoureteral reflux and posterior urethral valves. Conclusions: Imaging modalities are vital for diagnosing and managing urinary tract disorders, with selection based on clinical needs, patient age, and safety. Ultrasound is the primary choice for its non-invasiveness and cost-effectiveness, while CT, MRI, nuclear medicine, and VCUG provide essential structural and functional insights. A balanced approach ensures accuracy while minimizing patient risk, especially in pediatrics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies in Pediatric Nephrology)
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10 pages, 273 KiB  
Review
Pediatric Voiding Dysfunction: Definitions and Management
by Ciara Lusnia, Romano DeMarco and Cynthia Sharadin
Medicina 2025, 61(4), 594; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61040594 - 26 Mar 2025
Viewed by 276
Abstract
The prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms or voiding dysfunction is significant in pediatric patients. Severe voiding dysfunction can cause serious medical issues, including impacting renal function. This review article aims to help provide an understanding of the variable presentations of voiding dysfunction [...] Read more.
The prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms or voiding dysfunction is significant in pediatric patients. Severe voiding dysfunction can cause serious medical issues, including impacting renal function. This review article aims to help provide an understanding of the variable presentations of voiding dysfunction and the different methods of treatment in children. The symptoms vary widely and can often be associated with constipation. Etiologies vary from behavioral/habits to anatomic to psychological or neurologic. Occasionally, imaging is used in the workup, with ultrasound being the most common. Behavior changes are often employed first in treatment before introducing pharmacotherapies or other interventions. Given the variety of presentations and severities, along with the significant number of children who present with lower urinary tract complaints, it is important for all pediatric providers to be familiar with this common diagnosis and some management options. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies in Pediatric Nephrology)

Other

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8 pages, 1046 KiB  
Case Report
Association of Oral Tobacco-Free Nicotine Delivery Product with Acute Renal Tubular Necrosis
by Ratna Acharya, William Clapp and Kiran Upadhyay
Medicina 2024, 60(11), 1846; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60111846 - 9 Nov 2024
Viewed by 1295
Abstract
Usage of novel non-tobacco oral nicotine delivery products (ONDPs) has been increasing among adolescents in the United States. It is presumed that they are less toxic than their tobacco-containing counterparts, but that has not been examined in controlled studies. Most of the studies [...] Read more.
Usage of novel non-tobacco oral nicotine delivery products (ONDPs) has been increasing among adolescents in the United States. It is presumed that they are less toxic than their tobacco-containing counterparts, but that has not been examined in controlled studies. Most of the studies have focused on non-renal manifestations of tobacco consumption via different means. The renal manifestations of non-tobacco ONDPs are not very well known, especially in immunocompromised patients. A 19-year-old male transplant recipient presented with flank pain and a few days’ history of intake of ZYNR pouches. Immunosuppression was with tacrolimus, mycophenolate, and steroids. Baseline serum creatinine was 1.1–1.3 mg/dL. Laboratory evaluation showed elevated C-reactive protein, increased serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, leukocytosis, neutrophilia, and increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Infectious disease work-up was negative. A kidney transplant biopsy showed severe acute tubular injury/necrosis (ATN) without evidence of rejection. Donor-specific antibodies were negative. Other etiologies of hemolysis were negative. He did not require renal replacement therapy. Kidney function and LDH improved gradually. The most recent follow-up eight months after presentation showed a serum creatinine level of 2.6 mg/dL with stable electrolytes, with eGFR of 35 mL/min/1.73 m2. Here, we describe a 19-year-old adolescent with a kidney transplant who sustained ATN leading to advanced chronic disease apparently following the usage of non-tobacco ONDP. Further larger studies are needed to study ATN as a possible renal manifestation of these next-generation products to raise awareness among the public. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies in Pediatric Nephrology)
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