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Metals
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Effects of Radiation on Microstructure and Properties of Metallic Materials
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Effects of Radiation on Microstructure and Properties of Metallic Materials

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 May 2024) | Viewed by 8096

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Lilong Pang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
2. Huizhou Research Center of Ion Sciences, Huizhou, China
Interests: irradiation effects in nuclear materials; liquid metal corrosion-resistant coatings; wear-resistant coatings; friction and wear

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nuclear energy has been an important part of today's clean energy. However, structural materials in the nuclear reactor must face irradiation from intense particles for a long time, which will lead to the deterioration of the material properties. Energetic particle irradiation into materials can generate atomic displacement, causing significant microstructural alteration, which ranges from crystalline to amorphous phase transitions to the creation of high concentrations of point defects or solute aggregates in crystal lattices. These microstructural changes often lead to significant changes in the physical and mechanical properties of irradiated materials. Such effects induced by irradiation vary by type, particle energy, and material properties.

Fermi pointed out in 1946 that whether future nuclear technology succeeds depends on the behavior of materials under the intense irradiation fields in the reactor. In the following decades, the development of nuclear reactors confirmed Fermi’s assertion. With the constructions of various types of nuclear reactors and advanced ion accelerators, irradiation effects in materials have received a great deal of attention, especially in metal materials, and a series of great achievements have been made. However, at present, the development of advanced nuclear energy systems has put forward higher requirements for materials, especially the irradiation resistance of materials.

In this Special Issue, we welcome articles that focus on the effects of irradiation on microstructure and properties of metallic materials, as well as fundamental properties and evolution of defects in metals and so on. Your contribution to this Special Issue will be highly valuable and appreciated.

Dr. Lilong Pang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nuclear energy
  • metallic materials
  • irradiation effects
  • defects
  • microstructure
  • material properties

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 25661 KiB  
Article
The Influence of Crystal Orientation and Thermal State of a Pure Cu on the Formation of Helium Blisters
by Daniel Shtuckmeyster, Nitzan Maman, Moshe Vaknin, Gabriel Zamir, Victor Y. Zenou, Ulrich Kentsch, Itzchak Dahan and Roni Z. Shneck
Metals 2024, 14(3), 260; https://doi.org/10.3390/met14030260 - 22 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1549
Abstract
The factors that influence the formation of helium blisters in copper were studied, including crystallographic grain orientation and thermomechanical conditions. Helium implantation experiments were conducted at 40 KeV with a dose of 5 × 1017 ions/cm2, and the samples were [...] Read more.
The factors that influence the formation of helium blisters in copper were studied, including crystallographic grain orientation and thermomechanical conditions. Helium implantation experiments were conducted at 40 KeV with a dose of 5 × 1017 ions/cm2, and the samples were then subjected to post-implantation heat treatments at 450 °C for different holding times. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) detector was used to analyze the samples, revealing that the degree of blistering erosion and its evolution with time varied with the crystallographic plane of the free surface in different ways in annealed and cold rolled copper. Out of the investigated states, rolled copper with a (111) free surface had superior helium blistering durability. This is explained by the consideration of the multivariable situation, including the role of dislocations and vacancies. For future plasma-facing component (PFC) candidate material, similar research should be conducted in order to find the optimal combination of material properties for helium blistering durability. In the case of Cu selection as a PFC, the two practical approaches to obtain the preferred (111) orientation are cold rolling and thin layer technologies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Radiation on Microstructure and Properties of Metallic Materials)
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10 pages, 2792 KiB  
Article
Microstructure and Magnetism of Heavily Helium-Ion Irradiated Epitaxial Iron Films
by Yasuhiro Kamada, Daiki Umeyama, Tomoki Oyake, Takeshi Murakami, Kazuyuki Shimizu, Satomi Fujisaki, Noriyuki Yoshimoto, Kazuhito Ohsawa and Hideo Watanabe
Metals 2023, 13(11), 1905; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13111905 - 18 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2408
Abstract
This study reports on the microstructure and magnetism of pure iron irradiated with high doses of helium ions. Iron alloys are important structural materials used as components in fusion reactors, and a comprehensive database of their various properties has been developed. But little [...] Read more.
This study reports on the microstructure and magnetism of pure iron irradiated with high doses of helium ions. Iron alloys are important structural materials used as components in fusion reactors, and a comprehensive database of their various properties has been developed. But little has been investigated on magnetic properties, in particular, the effects of high doses and helium cavities are lacking. Single-crystal iron films, with a thickness of 200 nm, were prepared using the ultra-high vacuum evaporation method. These films were then irradiated with 30 keV He+ ions at room temperature up to a dose of 18 dpa. X-ray diffraction measurements and cross-sectional transmission electron microscope observations revealed significant microstructural changes, including a large lattice expansion perpendicular to the film plane and the formation of high-density cavities after irradiation. However, the saturation magnetization and the shape of the magnetization curve showed almost no change, indicating the robustness of the magnetic properties of iron. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Radiation on Microstructure and Properties of Metallic Materials)
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13 pages, 3379 KiB  
Article
Prediction and Deformation Mechanism Analysis of High Porosity in U–10Mo Monolithic Fuels at High Burnup
by Xiaobin Jian, Yunmei Zhao and Shurong Ding
Metals 2023, 13(10), 1693; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13101693 - 5 Oct 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1144
Abstract
High porosity phenomena of U-10Mo fuel foil appear in the U–Mo/Al monolithic fuel plate under deep burnup. In this study, the fuel skeleton creep-based bubble growth model is further improved with the intrusion effect of solid fission products, multiplying the reduction factor in [...] Read more.
High porosity phenomena of U-10Mo fuel foil appear in the U–Mo/Al monolithic fuel plate under deep burnup. In this study, the fuel skeleton creep-based bubble growth model is further improved with the intrusion effect of solid fission products, multiplying the reduction factor in the bubble volume to obtain the bubble pressure. With the locally enhanced irradiation creep of the Mo-depleted region considered, a simulation of the thermo-mechanical coupling behaviors of the monolithic fuel plate L1P7A0 is carried out, based on the commercial finite element (FE) analysis code ABAQUS. A fission-induced creep rate coefficient of 250 × 10−22 mm3/(fission·MPa) is identified for the Mo-depleted region, with the predictions of porosity and the thickness deformation of U–Mo fuel foil agreeing well with the experimental data. The research results indicate that: (1) the locally enhanced fuel skeleton creep ability is responsible for the higher porosities near the U–Mo/Zr interface; (2) the entrance of solid fission products into the fission bubbles at high burnup is the dominant factor in inducing high porosity in the regions of the most heavily irradiated fuel foil, especially near the fuel foil edge bearing the elevated external hydrostatic pressures; (3) with the intrusion effect of solid fission products considered, the prediction of the porosity increases from ~15% to ~35% near the fuel foil edge; (4) the intrusion of solid fission products leads to extra differences between the bubble pressure and the external pressure, and simultaneously results in the strengthened fuel skeleton creep deformation contributions to the bubble growth. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Radiation on Microstructure and Properties of Metallic Materials)
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15 pages, 5205 KiB  
Article
Microstructure Change, Nano-Hardness and Surface Modification of CN-G01 Beryllium Induced by Helium Ions
by Minghuan Cui, Peng Jin, Tielong Shen, Yabin Zhu, Lilong Pang, Zhiguang Wang, Xiaofang Luo, Yongjin Feng and Baoping Gong
Metals 2023, 13(1), 60; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13010060 - 25 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2133
Abstract
The helium effects in Chinese developed CN-G01 beryllium are important issues for its use in nuclear energy systems. In this work, the CN-G01 beryllium samples were irradiated with helium ions to fluences of 5.0 × 1016 ions/cm2 to 1.0 × 10 [...] Read more.
The helium effects in Chinese developed CN-G01 beryllium are important issues for its use in nuclear energy systems. In this work, the CN-G01 beryllium samples were irradiated with helium ions to fluences of 5.0 × 1016 ions/cm2 to 1.0 × 1018 ions/cm2 at room temperature and investigated by techniques of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nano-indentation. It was found that the irradiation induced hardening of beryllium and the nano-hardness of the samples increased with increasing fluence of 5.0 × 1016 ions/cm2 to 1.0 × 1017 ions/cm2. When the fluence reached 5.0 × 1017 ions/cm2 and 1.0 × 1018 ions/cm2, helium irradiation induced serious surface blistering and its burst. TEM observation found that helium bubbles in the damage peak region became visible when the fluence reached 1.0 × 1017 ions/cm2. With increasing fluence, helium bubbles became larger and connected into large cracks. The underlying physical mechanisms are discussed based on the helium behavior at low temperatures and the contributions of helium induced defects. This work will provide some new understanding on the irradiation resistance of CN-G01 beryllium and the helium effects in beryllium at low temperatures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Radiation on Microstructure and Properties of Metallic Materials)
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