The human central nervous system is convolutedly connected to the gut microbiome, a diverse community of microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal tract. Recent research has highlighted the bidirectional communication between the gut microbiome...
Introduction: Mitophagy, the selective degradation of damaged mitochondria, is essential for maintaining cellular health and function, particularly in high-energy demanding post-mitotic cells like neurons and in microglial cells. Aging results in imp...
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a highly intricate neurovascular structure that plays a crucial role in maintaining neural homeostasis by selectively allowing certain molecules to enter the central nervous system (CNS). However, in the context...
Microglia, the unique and motile immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), function as a security guard in maintaining CNS homeostasis, primarily through calcium signaling. The calcium dynamics in microglia control important functions such as...
Overexposure of humans to heavy metals and essential metals poses a significant risk for the development of neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders. The mechanisms through which these metals exert their effects include the generation of reactiv...
Contemporary research has found that people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit aberrant immunological function, with a shift toward increased cytokine production and unusual cell function. Microglia and astroglia were found to be significant...
Neuroimmunomodulation is a promising form of drug-free treatment for neurological diseases ranging from Alzheimer’s disease to depression. The evidence supporting the efficacy of focused ultrasound (FUS) neuroimmunomodulation is encouraging; ho...
Background/Objectives: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition marked by challenges in social communication, restricted interests, and repetitive behaviors. Recent studies highlight the crucial roles of neuroglial cel...
Mood and anxiety disorders are heterogeneous psychiatric diagnoses affecting millions. While the disease etiology is complex, various risk factors have been identified, such as stress. Stress is a neuroendocrine physiologic response to a stressor tha...
Several protocols have been developed with the aim of characterizing glial and immune cells from the central and peripheral nervous systems. However, a small number of these protocols have demonstrated the ability to yield satisfactory results follow...
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