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The Role of Fatty Acids in Inflammation

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Lipids".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 5 September 2025 | Viewed by 1294

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
Interests: fatty acid metabolism; elongation and desaturarion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs); n-3 PUFAs in diet and health; fatty acid and oxidative stress; fatty acid and inflammatory response; fatty acid in health or disease
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Fatty acids (saturated, mono, or polyunsaturated) have key roles in many cellular processes, such as membrane structure, energy status, gene expression, cellular differentiation, apoptosis, etc. Additionally, fatty acids exhibit important functions in mammals in different stages of the life cycle (embryonal and fetal development, growing, and aging), as well as in the prevention or development of various diseases. Over the last two decades, several researchers have investigated the participation of fatty acids, or the molecules derived from fatty acids (lipid mediators), in the inflammatory response, specifically in the activation and resolution of this physiological process. Inflammation is an essential process to the cellular defense against different injuries, but under/overnutrition (obesity) or aging conditions cause inflammation to have a fundamental participation in the development of physiopathological damages. The proposal of this Special Issue about the role of fatty acids in inflammation as its principal focus presents a coherent view on the participation of FAs in the activation of the inflammatory response or in its resolution. It considers (i) molecular pathways involved in these processes, or (ii) topics such as obesity, diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and autoimmune respiratory diseases. 

Dr. Rodrigo Valenzuela
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • fatty acids
  • saturated fatty acids
  • monounsaturated fatty acids
  • polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)
  • n-3 or n-6 PUFAs
  • fatty acids and diet
  • inflammation
  • inflammatory response
  • resolution of inflammation
  • fatty acids, oxidative stress and inflammation
  • chronic disease
  • aging
  • health

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

18 pages, 1698 KiB  
Review
Interplay of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Intestinal Inflammation, and Gut Microbiota in Celiac Disease Pathogenesis
by Karla A. Bascuñán, Magdalena Araya, Juan Manuel Rodríguez, Leda Roncoroni, Luca Elli, Josefina Del Pilar López Alvarez and Rodrigo Valenzuela
Nutrients 2025, 17(4), 621; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17040621 - 9 Feb 2025
Viewed by 957
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic autoimmune disorder driven by both genetic and environmental factors, with the HLA DQ2/DQ8 genotypes playing a central role in its development. Despite the genetic predisposition, only a small percentage of individuals carrying these genotypes develop the disease. [...] Read more.
Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic autoimmune disorder driven by both genetic and environmental factors, with the HLA DQ2/DQ8 genotypes playing a central role in its development. Despite the genetic predisposition, only a small percentage of individuals carrying these genotypes develop the disease. Gluten, a protein found in wheat, rye, and barley, is the primary environmental trigger, but other factors, such as the intestinal microbiota, may also contribute to disease progression. While the gluten-free diet (GFD) remains the cornerstone of treatment, many CD patients experience persistent inflammation and gut dysbiosis, leading to ongoing symptoms and complications. This chronic inflammation, which impairs nutrient absorption, increases the risk of malnutrition, anemia, and other autoimmune disorders. Recent studies have identified an altered gut microbiota in CD patients, both on and off the GFD, highlighting the potential role of the microbiota in disease pathogenesis. An emerging area of interest is the supplementation of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), known for their anti-inflammatory properties, as a potential therapeutic strategy. n-3 PUFAs, found in fish oil and certain plant oils, modulate the immune cell function and cytokine production, making them a promising intervention for controlling chronic inflammation in CD. This review explores the current understanding of n-3 PUFAs’ effects on the gut microbiota’s composition and inflammation in CD, with the goal of identifying new avenues for complementary treatments to improve disease management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Fatty Acids in Inflammation)
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