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2024 Collection: Dietary, Lifestyle and Children Health
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2024 Collection: Dietary, Lifestyle and Children Health

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Public Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 December 2024 | Viewed by 13433

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Zhiyong Zou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
Interests: adolescent global health; dietary diversity; cardiovascular diseases; global burden of disease
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

I would like to take this opportunity to express my deep appreciation for everyone’s support and their contributions. In the first two editions of the Special Issue “Dietary, Lifestyle, and Children’s Health” in 2022 and 2023, over 50 articles were published, making this Special Issue a success. Now, I can announce that there will be a 2024 collection on the same topic, and I look forward to your continued contributions and support.

Food quality, including dietary quality and diversity, is as essential to human health as air is to human life. In addition, other healthy lifestyle factors, including a healthy body mass index, regular exercise, not smoking, and a sufficient amount of sleep, are associated with a lower incidence of chronic non-communicable diseases and a longer life expectancy. More importantly, maternal healthy lifestyle factors are also associated with a substantially reduced risk of chronic diseases in their offspring.

Childhood is a critical period for the development of a healthy lifestyle and the prevention of chronic diseases in adulthood. However, the prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing, and unhealthy lifestyles are becoming an epidemic, posing a potential future burden of adult chronic disease.

The aim of this Special Issue is to identify and assess dietary factors, including dietary diversity and specific nutrients/phytochemicals, as well as other healthy lifestyle factors, in the prevention and management of childhood chronic diseases. Additionally, we want to identify gaps and tools that could help with the assessment of children’s health.

We want to encourage all researchers who work in this field to submit original research, reviews, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses to this Special Issue, to broaden our knowledge and showcase new research directions.

Dr. Zhiyong Zou
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • healthy lifestyle
  • dietary behavior
  • dietary assessment
  • dietary diversity
  • dietary intervention
  • specific nutrients
  • phytochemicals
  • food groups
  • physical activity
  • smoking
  • alcohol consumption
  • body mass index
  • child health
  • obesity
  • myopia
  • dyslipidemia
  • impaired fasting glucose
  • metabolic syndrome
  • cardiovascular risk factors
  • target organ damage

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Published Papers (10 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 324 KiB  
Article
Restrained Eating and Disinhibited Eating: Association with Diet Quality and Body Weight Status Among Adolescents
by Joanna Kowalkowska, Jadwiga Hamulka, Lidia Wadolowska, Magdalena Górnicka, Ewa Czarniecka-Skubina and Krystyna Gutkowska
Nutrients 2024, 16(21), 3601; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16213601 - 23 Oct 2024
Viewed by 813
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Problematic eating behaviours may affect food consumption and, therefore, body weight. However, these associations have not been well understood, especially among adolescents. The aim of the study was to evaluate the associations of restrained eating and disinhibited eating with diet quality [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Problematic eating behaviours may affect food consumption and, therefore, body weight. However, these associations have not been well understood, especially among adolescents. The aim of the study was to evaluate the associations of restrained eating and disinhibited eating with diet quality and body weight status among adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1450 primary school students aged 11–13 years (52% girls). Dietary data were collected using the food frequency questionnaire (SF-FFQ4PolishChildren®). Two diet quality scores were evaluated: (i) the pro-Healthy Diet Index (pHDI), which included vegetables, fruit, dairy products, and fish, and (ii) the non-Healthy Diet Index (nHDI), which included fast food, sweets, sweetened beverages, and energy drinks. Based on the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire, two eating styles were identified: restrained eating (RE) and disinhibited eating (DE). Body weight status was evaluated using the body mass index (BMI) z-score and the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). Spearman’s correlation coefficient and logistic regression analysis were used to assess the association between eating styles, diet quality, and body weight status. Results: Restrained eating was negatively correlated with nHDI (r = −0.178, p < 0.001) and positively correlated with the BMI z-score (r = 0.253, p < 0.001) and WHtR (r = 0.197, p < 0.001). Disinhibited eating was positively correlated with nHDI (r = 0.232, p < 0.001). Among adolescents with different RE and DE levels, significant differences in the mean nHDI, BMI z-score, and WHtR were found. Compared to adolescents with ‘low RE & DE’, those with ‘low RE & higher DE’ were more likely to fall in the upper than bottom tertile of nHDI (odds ratio (OR) =1.90, 95% CI: 1.29–2.81). Adolescents with ‘higher RE & low DE’ were less likely to be underweight (OR = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.06–0.49) and more likely to be overweight (OR = 2.02, 95% CI: 1.41–2.91) and to have abdominal obesity (OR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.13–2.82). Conclusions: The findings suggest that both eating styles may be predictors of diet quality among adolescents. Body weight status was related to restrained eating, which seems to characterise mainly adolescents with overweight or obesity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2024 Collection: Dietary, Lifestyle and Children Health)
12 pages, 1160 KiB  
Article
Dehydration and Suboptimal Sleep Aggravate Early Renal Impairment in Children: Longitudinal Findings from the PROC Study
by Menglong Li, Huidi Xiao, Nubiya Amaerjiang, Bipin Thapa, Wen Shu, Yeerlin Asihaer, Mengying Guan, Sten H. Vermund, Zhiyong Zou, Dayong Huang and Yifei Hu
Nutrients 2024, 16(20), 3472; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16203472 - 14 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1078
Abstract
Background: While dehydration is associated with pediatric renal impairment, the regulation of hydration status can be affected by sleep. However, the interaction of hydration and sleep on kidney health remains unclear. Methods: We conducted a cohort study among 1914 healthy primary school children [...] Read more.
Background: While dehydration is associated with pediatric renal impairment, the regulation of hydration status can be affected by sleep. However, the interaction of hydration and sleep on kidney health remains unclear. Methods: We conducted a cohort study among 1914 healthy primary school children from October 2018 to November 2019 in Beijing, China. Four-wave urinary β2-microglobulin and microalbumin excretion were assayed to assess transient renal tubular and glomerular impairment, and specific gravity was measured to determine hydration status with contemporaneous assessment of sleep duration, other anthropometric, and lifestyle covariates. We used generalized linear mixed-effects models to assess longitudinal associations of sleep duration and hydration status with renal impairment. Results: We observed 1378 children with optimal sleep (9–<11 h/d, 72.0%), 472 with short sleep (<9 h/d), and 64 with long sleep (≥11 h/d, 3.3%). Over half (55.4%) of events determined across 6968 person-visits were transient dehydration, 19.4% were tubular, and 4.9% were glomerular impairment events. Taking optimal sleep + euhydration as the reference, the results of generalized linear mixed-effects models showed that children with long sleep + dehydration (odds ratio [OR]: 3.87 for tubular impairment [tubules] and 3.47 for glomerular impairment [glomerulus]), long sleep + euhydration (OR: 2.43 for tubules), optimal sleep + dehydration (OR: 2.35 for tubules and 3.00 for glomerulus), short sleep + dehydration (OR: 2.07 for tubules and 2.69 for glomerulus), or short sleep + euhydration (OR: 1.29 for tubules) were more likely to present transient renal impairment, adjusting for sex, age, body mass index z-score, systolic blood pressure z-score, screen time, physical activity, and Mediterranean diet adherence. Conclusions: Dehydration and suboptimal sleep aggravate transient renal impairment in children, suggesting its role in maintaining pediatric kidney health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2024 Collection: Dietary, Lifestyle and Children Health)
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23 pages, 1441 KiB  
Article
Dairy Consumption at Breakfast among Southeast Asian Children: Associations with Nutrient Intake from the South East Asian Nutrition Surveys II (SEANUTS II)
by Nadja Mikulic, Ilse Khouw, Swee Ai Ng, Nipa Rojroongwasinkul, Nawarat Vongvimetee, Nga Thuy Tran, Van Khanh Tran, Rini Sekartini, Dian Novita Chandra, Bee Koon Poh, Jyh Eiin Wong, Cécile M. Singh-Povel and Nanda de Groot
Nutrients 2024, 16(19), 3229; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16193229 - 24 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1445
Abstract
Background: Children’s rapid growth requires adequate nutrient intake, with breakfast, especially when incorporating dairy, playing an important role. This study examined associations between dairy consumption at breakfast and energy and nutrient intake among children in Southeast Asia. Methods: Utilizing the cross-sectional South East [...] Read more.
Background: Children’s rapid growth requires adequate nutrient intake, with breakfast, especially when incorporating dairy, playing an important role. This study examined associations between dairy consumption at breakfast and energy and nutrient intake among children in Southeast Asia. Methods: Utilizing the cross-sectional South East Asian Nutrition Surveys II dataset, using a 24 h dietary recall and questionnaires distributed among 10,286 children aged 2 to 12 years from Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, and Vietnam, we investigated the impact of dairy consumption at breakfast on nutrient intake and examined associations between breakfast consumption and the prevalence of stunting and overweight/obesity among 10,135 children. Results: Although most of the children consumed breakfast, only 37%, 27%, 16%, and 18% in Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, and Vietnam, respectively, included dairy in this meal, with younger children being significantly more likely to consume dairy at breakfast (p < 0.001). Dairy consumers had significantly higher intakes of vitamins A, B12, and D and calcium both at breakfast and throughout the day (p < 0.001). Breakfast skippers had a 29% increased risk of being overweight/obese. Conclusions: Dairy consumption at breakfast was associated with enhanced nutrient intake and overall diet quality among Southeast Asian children. The association between breakfast habits and anthropometric outcomes highlights the need to address nutritional deficiencies and promote healthy growth and development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2024 Collection: Dietary, Lifestyle and Children Health)
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15 pages, 1008 KiB  
Article
Isotemporal Substitution Effects of Daily Time Use on Cardiorespiratory Fitness of Children in the OptiChild Study: A Mediation Analysis with Diet Quality
by Youxin Wang, Pingping Zhang, Mingyue Wang, Qinghai Gong, Canqing Yu, Haijun Wang, Antje Hebestreit, Patrick W. C. Lau, Hui Wang and Li Li
Nutrients 2024, 16(16), 2788; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16162788 - 21 Aug 2024
Viewed by 961
Abstract
(1) Background: Although daily time-use is associated with diet quality and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in children, their interdependence remains unexplored. This study first examined the associations between reallocating daily movement time and diet quality and CRF, and second the mediating role of diet [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Although daily time-use is associated with diet quality and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in children, their interdependence remains unexplored. This study first examined the associations between reallocating daily movement time and diet quality and CRF, and second the mediating role of diet quality in the relationship between daily time-use and CRF. (2) Methods: This study included 1131 Chinese children (aged 8 to 10 years; median [interquartile range]: 8.5 [8.3, 8.8]) at baseline (September 2022) and 1268 children at the 9-month follow-up (June 2023) from the OptiChild study. Daily durations of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sleep, and sedentary behavior (e.g., screen time) were self-reported or proxy-reported by parents. Diet quality was assessed via the Diet Quality Questionnaire (DQQ), which uses a 24 h dietary recall and is categorized according to the Global Dietary Recommendations (GDR) score and Food Group Diversity Score (FGDS). The CRF was measured using VO2max after the 20 m shuttle run test. Longitudinal associations between daily time-use, diet quality, and CRF were calculated using isotemporal substitution models. Mediation analyses were used to determine whether diet quality mediated the associations between daily time-use and CRF. (3) Results: Reallocation of 30 min from screen time to MVPA resulted in significant improvements in the GDR score (β baseline = 0.11, p = 0.024; β follow-up = 0.26, p < 0.001), FGDS (β baseline = 0.11, p = 0.006; β follow-up = 0.19, p < 0.001), and CRF (β baseline = 0.40, p < 0.001; β follow-up = 0.26, p = 0.001). Diet quality partially mediated the associations between MVPA, screen time, and CRF. Substituting 30 min of screen time for MVPA led to diet quality mediating a proportion of the association with CRF (GDR score: 11.4%, FGDS: 6.6%). (4) Conclusions: These findings underscore the importance of optimizing daily time-use of MVPA and screen time and improving diet quality to promote physical fitness in school-aged children. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2024 Collection: Dietary, Lifestyle and Children Health)
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18 pages, 515 KiB  
Article
What Determinants Are Related to Milk and Dairy Product Consumption Frequency among Children Aged 10–12 Years in Poland? Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study
by Jadwiga Hamulka, Ewa Czarniecka-Skubina, Magdalena Górnicka, Jerzy Gębski, Teresa Leszczyńska and Krystyna Gutkowska
Nutrients 2024, 16(16), 2654; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16162654 - 11 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1366
Abstract
Due to their high nutritional value, milk and dairy products should be a permanent element of a properly balanced diet for children and adolescents. The study aimed to identify (i) the frequency of milk and dairy product consumption by children aged 10–12 years [...] Read more.
Due to their high nutritional value, milk and dairy products should be a permanent element of a properly balanced diet for children and adolescents. The study aimed to identify (i) the frequency of milk and dairy product consumption by children aged 10–12 years in the opinion of children and their parents and (ii) the determinants related to the consumption of these products (including lifestyle, nutrition knowledge, and the nutritional status of children’s as well as parents’ nutrition knowledge). A cross-sectional study was conducted with 12,643 primary school students aged 10–12 and 7363 parents. Dietary data were collected using the Food Frequency Consumption and Nutritional Knowledge Questionnaire (SF-FFQ4PolishChildren® and KomPAN®). Anthropometric measurements were taken and body mass index (BMI) and waist/height ratios (WHtR) were calculated. A logistic regression model was used to assess the likelihood of the frequent consumption of dairy products in the opinion of both the children and their parents, and the quality of the obtained models was assessed using model fit statistics and the Hosmer and Lemeshow test. The frequency of consuming milk and milk products (every day and more) was low in the opinion of children aged 10–12 years (29.6%). According to their parents, the frequency of the consumption of dairy products was slightly higher (44.8%). Six factors associated with the frequency of milk and dairy product consumption were identified independently. These included schoolchildren and their parents’ nutrition knowledge, physical activity, sleep, gender, and place of residence. More of these products were consumed by children with greater nutrition knowledge—both their own and their parents’—higher physical activity, longer sleep duration, males, and those living in the city. Family eating habits, particularly eating meals together, also played an important role in the consumption of milk and dairy products. According to the parents, the children in older grades were less likely to consume dairy products more frequently. The obtained results suggest an insufficient consumption of milk and dairy products. The identification of modifiable factors, such as nutrition knowledge, physical activity, sleep duration, and eating meals with the family, suggests the need to improve the existing strategies, including activities encouraging nutritional education for both schoolchildren and their parents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2024 Collection: Dietary, Lifestyle and Children Health)
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11 pages, 843 KiB  
Article
Clustering of Dietary Patterns Associated with Health-Related Quality of Life in Spanish Children and Adolescents
by José Francisco López-Gil and Mayra Fernanda Martínez-López
Nutrients 2024, 16(14), 2308; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16142308 - 18 Jul 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1171
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of the current study was to examine the association between dietary patterns and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among Spanish children and adolescents. Methods: A modified version of the parental version of 10 items of the Screening for and Promotion [...] Read more.
Purpose: The aim of the current study was to examine the association between dietary patterns and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among Spanish children and adolescents. Methods: A modified version of the parental version of 10 items of the Screening for and Promotion of Health-Related Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents—a European Public Health perspective (KIDSCREEN-10) was used to assess children’s HRQoL in three areas: subjective physical, mental, and social status. To evaluate dietary habits, a food frequency questionnaire was employed. To identify different feeding patterns in the sample of children and adolescents examined, cluster analyses were carried out. In addition, a generalized linear model with a Gaussian distribution was applied to test the associations between the determined clusters and HRQoL. Results: The lowest HRQoL was identified in participants located in the unhealthiest cluster (Cluster 1) (mean [M] = 85.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] 83.7 to 86.7). In comparison with the unhealthiest cluster (Cluster 1), a greater estimated marginal mean of HRQoL was identified for participants in the moderately healthy cluster (Cluster 1) (p = 0.020) and in the healthiest cluster (Cluster 2) (p = 0.044). Conclusions: Based on our findings, dietary habits based on the low consumption of bread, cereals, and dairy products (mainly), together with low intake of fruits and vegetables, are related to lower HRQoL in children and adolescents. These results underscore the importance of promoting balanced and nutrient-rich diets among young populations. Public health initiatives should focus on educating parents, caregivers, and children about the benefits of a varied diet that includes adequate portions of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and dairy products. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2024 Collection: Dietary, Lifestyle and Children Health)
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12 pages, 601 KiB  
Article
Effect of Customized Nutritious Breakfast and Nutrition Education on Nutritional Status of Preschool Children in Economically Underdeveloped Multi-Ethnic Areas: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial in Linxia, China
by Zhongquan Jiang, Chao Song, Mingxuan Shi, Runtong Chen, Ying Hong, Chong Zhang, Wenhao Zheng, Binshuo Hu, Liang Wang and Ying Zhang
Nutrients 2024, 16(14), 2287; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16142287 - 16 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1318
Abstract
The nutritional status of preschool children in economically underdeveloped multi-ethnic areas is a global concern. This study aimed to examine the effect of a 2.2-year cluster randomized clinical trial that provided customized nutritious breakfast and nutrition education to preschool children in Linxia County, [...] Read more.
The nutritional status of preschool children in economically underdeveloped multi-ethnic areas is a global concern. This study aimed to examine the effect of a 2.2-year cluster randomized clinical trial that provided customized nutritious breakfast and nutrition education to preschool children in Linxia County, China. A total of 578 children aged 3 to 6 years were enrolled. After the intervention, the incidence of undernourishment was significantly lower in the intervention group compared to the control group (8.73% vs. 9.92%, OR = 0.01 [95%CI 0.00, 0.39], p = 0.014). Additionally, children with non-Muslim dietary habits had a lower incidence of undernourishment compared to those with Muslim dietary habits (OR = 0.05 [95%CI 0.00, 0.88]; p = 0.010). The intervention group also had a lower prevalence rate of wasting (OR = 0.02 [95%CI 0.00, 0.40]; p = 0.011) and a higher mean BMI-for-age Z-score (β = 1.05 [95%CI 0.32, 1.77]; p = 0.005) compared to the control group. These findings suggest that providing nutritious breakfast and nutrition education is an effective strategy to improve the nutrition and health of preschool children, particularly in economically disadvantaged regions and among children with Muslim dietary habits. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2024 Collection: Dietary, Lifestyle and Children Health)
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16 pages, 1967 KiB  
Article
Nutritional Quality of the Mid-Afternoon Snack of Schooled Children between the Ages of 3 and 12 Years in Three Areas in Spain
by Cristina González-Campins, Laura Ferrer Soler, Olívia Guasch-Niubó, Nadia San Onofre, Alicia Aguilar Martínez, Alba Martínez-García, Maria Manera, Gemma Salvador and Anna Bach-Faig
Nutrients 2024, 16(12), 1944; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16121944 - 19 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1964
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the nutritional quality of mid-afternoon snacks for schooled children aged 3 to 12 years in three areas of Catalonia (Spain). Methods: A descriptive observational study collected information on habits and the mid-afternoon snack of [...] Read more.
Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the nutritional quality of mid-afternoon snacks for schooled children aged 3 to 12 years in three areas of Catalonia (Spain). Methods: A descriptive observational study collected information on habits and the mid-afternoon snack of 782 schooled children aged 3 to 12 years in three cities, Barcelona, Girona, and Lleida, located in Catalonia (Spain). The children’s families voluntarily agreed to complete an online questionnaire that collected information about demographic data and snacking habits in the afternoon, as well as a record of mid-afternoon snack intake over three school days. Results: A total of 2163 mid-afternoon snacks were analyzed from a sample of 764 families with 3 to 12 year-old children. Sandwiches emerged as the most prevalent choice, accounting for 41.89%, followed by pastries at 23.86%, fruit at 14.38%, and a combination of fruit and pastries at 6.29%. Of the mid-afternoon snacks recorded, 22.19% were healthy, 20.90% were quite healthy, 12.85% were quite unhealthy, and 44.06% were unhealthy. Conclusions: The nutritional quality of mid-afternoon snacks for a large majority of schooled children should be improved. It is essential to develop food education programs to improve the quality of this intake from early childhood and to consider it as an opportunity to adjust the daily dietary requirements of Spanish children. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2024 Collection: Dietary, Lifestyle and Children Health)
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12 pages, 789 KiB  
Communication
Assessment of Heavy Metals and Trace Elements in the Human Milk of Women Living in Latvia and an Evaluation of Influencing Factors
by Līva Aumeistere, Alīna Beluško and Inga Ciproviča
Nutrients 2024, 16(11), 1568; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16111568 - 22 May 2024
Viewed by 1015
Abstract
During lactation, heavy metals and trace elements can be mobilised from the maternal body stores and excreted via human milk. A total of 66 mature human milk samples were collected from lactating women in Latvia between 2016 and 2017 to analyse the content [...] Read more.
During lactation, heavy metals and trace elements can be mobilised from the maternal body stores and excreted via human milk. A total of 66 mature human milk samples were collected from lactating women in Latvia between 2016 and 2017 to analyse the content of As, Cd, Pb, Al, Sn, and Ni. Additionally, 50 mature human milk samples were collected between 2022 and 2023 to analyse the content of Cd and Pb. The content of heavy metals and trace elements in human milk was determined using ICP-MS. Only two individual human milk samples contained heavy metals above the method’s detection limit—one with an arsenic content of 0.009 mg kg−1 and one with a lead content of 0.047 mg kg−1. The preliminary data show that human milk among lactating women in Latvia contains only insignificant amounts of heavy metals and trace elements. Concern over such content should not be a reason to choose formula feeding over breastfeeding. Nevertheless, heavy metals, trace elements and other pollutants in human milk should be continuously monitored. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2024 Collection: Dietary, Lifestyle and Children Health)
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18 pages, 916 KiB  
Review
Use of Biomarkers in Nutrition Intervention Studies of Children: A Scoping Review
by Megha P. Pratapwar, Heli J. Sheth, Anushree K. Ravi, Morgan L. Block, Kiersten A. Korber, Andrea Kepsel, Mara Leimanis-Laurens and Sarah S. Comstock
Nutrients 2024, 16(21), 3584; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16213584 - 22 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1135
Abstract
Obesity in youth is an increasingly prevalent public health concern worldwide. Lifestyle interventions aim to help participants establish healthy habits and reduce obesity-related disease risk by targeting physical activity and dietary habits. Most studies assess weight loss, but biomarkers may enable more rapid [...] Read more.
Obesity in youth is an increasingly prevalent public health concern worldwide. Lifestyle interventions aim to help participants establish healthy habits and reduce obesity-related disease risk by targeting physical activity and dietary habits. Most studies assess weight loss, but biomarkers may enable more rapid and comprehensive assessment of intervention success. This scoping review aims to synthesize the published literature on which biomarkers are assessed during interventions for pediatric obesity to inform future use. This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A literature search of five databases conducted in February 2022 returned 1579 unique and relevant articles published between 2006 and 2021. After screening titles, abstracts, and full text, four reviewers determined that 43 studies met eligibility requirements. Quality screening was conducted, and 97.7% of papers were of fair or good quality. Of the 43 studies, 47% reported measures of adipose-related signaling molecules inclusive of adipokines, 74% included insulin-related biomarkers, 63% reported lipid-related biomarkers, 40% reported proinflammatory cytokine biomarkers, 12% reported measures of skin and/or plasma carotenoids, 40% measured blood pressure, and 21% included liver enzymes. Sixty-seven percent of studies measured biomarkers in whole blood, 40% measured biomarkers in plasma, 56% measured biomarkers in serum, and 2% measured biomarkers in urine. This work summarizes the current use of biomarkers in lifestyle intervention studies enrolling children. These biomarkers could be clinically relevant for pediatric weight management interventions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2024 Collection: Dietary, Lifestyle and Children Health)
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