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Interaction Between Gut Microbiota and Obesity

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Obesity".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 5 May 2025 | Viewed by 2296

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
Interests: food additives and contaminants; metagenomics; gut microbiota; capillary electrophoresis; tandem mass spectrometry
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent decades, human gut microbiota has been shown to be a key agent in the prevention and development of numerous metabolic pathologies, including obesity. Although obesity is a complex and multifactorial pathology, the different environmental factors capable of influencing host metabolism and energy balance are considered key players, and gut microbiota can effect them. Gut microbiota exerts a miscellany of protective, structural, and metabolic effects on both intestinal and peripheral tissues, thus affecting body weight by modulating metabolism, appetite, as well as hormonal and immune systems.

However, the precise impact of gut microbiota on gut metabolites and its subsequent influence on susceptibility to obesity remains uncertain. In fact, most of the research carried out has focused mainly on investigating the effects on human health of the different proportions and functionality of bacterial groups. In contrast, the effects of fungi, viruses, archaea, and other members of intestinal populations have been studied much less frequently.

In this Special Issue of Nutrients, we extend an invite to the scientific community to submit their latest advances in the knowledge of the complex interactions between gut microbiota and obesity. Manuscripts describing the effects of bioactive compounds, food ingredients, contaminants, or any environmental element on the different microbial populations in the human gut are welcome. Also, the effects of eubiosis altering agents, as well as dysbiosis correcting agents, such as prebiotics, probiotics, symbiotics, or postbiotics, are of great interest for this Special Issue.

Research articles and reviews focused on the following topics are of particular interest to this Special Issue:

-Gut microbiota proportions and functionality.
-Mechanism through which the gut microbiota influences human weight and health.
-Food components (macro- and micronutrients) that can alter, both beneficially and detrimentally, human intestinal microbiota.
-Restoration of eubiosis by means of prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics, phages, or other external agents.
-Relationship mechanisms between the different communities of microorganisms in the human intestine.
-Use of human intestinal microbiota in the maintenance of human health and prevention of obesity.
-Effects of gut microbiota metabolites on the development of obesity.

Prof. Dr. Jose M. Miranda
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • gut microbiota
  • prebiotic
  • probiotic
  • symbiotic
  • postbiotic
  • metabolic diseases
  • gut virome
  • gut mycobiome
  • bioactive compounds
  • gut metabolites

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 2415 KiB  
Article
Gut Microbiota Modulates Fgf21 Expression and Metabolic Phenotypes Induced by Ketogenic Diet
by Xinyi Wei, Yunxu Lu and Shangyu Hong
Nutrients 2024, 16(23), 4028; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16234028 - 25 Nov 2024
Viewed by 1007
Abstract
Background: The ketogenic diet (KD) is a widely used intervention for obesity and diabetes, effectively reducing body weight and blood glucose levels. However, the molecular mechanisms by which the KD influences body weight and glucose metabolism are not fully understood. While previous research [...] Read more.
Background: The ketogenic diet (KD) is a widely used intervention for obesity and diabetes, effectively reducing body weight and blood glucose levels. However, the molecular mechanisms by which the KD influences body weight and glucose metabolism are not fully understood. While previous research has shown that the KD affects the gut microbiota, the exact role of microbiota in mediating its metabolic effects remains unclear. Methods: In this study, we used antibiotics to eliminate the gut microbiota, confirming its necessity for the KD’s impact on weight loss and glucose metabolism. We also demonstrated the significant role of FGF21 in these processes, through antibiotics intervention in Fgf21-deficient mice. Results: Furthermore, we revealed that the KD alters serum valine levels via the gut microbiota, which in turn regulates hepatic Fgf21 expression and circulating FGF21 levels through the GCN2-eIF2α-ATF5 signaling pathway. Additionally, we demonstrated that valine supplementation inhibits the elevated expression of FGF21, leading to the reduced body weight and improved glucose metabolism of the KD-fed mice. Overall, we found that the gut microbiota from the KD regulates Fgf21 transcription via the GCN2-eIF2α-ATF5 signaling pathway. ultimately affecting body weight and glucose metabolism. Conclusion: Our findings highlight a complex regulatory network linking the KD, Fgf21 expression, and gut microbiota, offering a theoretical foundation for targeted therapies to enhance the metabolic benefits of the KD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interaction Between Gut Microbiota and Obesity)
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Review

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22 pages, 799 KiB  
Review
Racial–Ethnic Disparities of Obesity Require Community Context-Specific Biomedical Research for Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders
by Riley K. Wells, Amada Torres, Marjorie K. Mau and Alika K. Maunakea
Nutrients 2024, 16(24), 4268; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16244268 - 11 Dec 2024
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Abstract
Compared to the general population of Hawai‘i, Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders (NHPI) shoulder a disproportionately high risk for obesity-related cardiometabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The gut microbiome is an area of rapid research interest for its [...] Read more.
Compared to the general population of Hawai‘i, Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders (NHPI) shoulder a disproportionately high risk for obesity-related cardiometabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The gut microbiome is an area of rapid research interest for its role in regulating adjacent metabolic pathways, offering novel opportunities to better understand the etiology of these health disparities. Obesity and the gut microbiome are influenced by regional, racial–ethnic, and community-specific factors, limiting the generalizability of current literature for understudied populations. Additionally, anthropometric and directly measured obesity indices are variably predictive of adiposity and metabolic health risk in this diverse population. Thus, further NHPI-inclusive research is required to adequately characterize community-specific factors in the context of obesity-related disease etiology. Culturally responsible research ethics and scientific communication are crucial to conducting such research, especially among indigenous and understudied populations. In this review, we explore these limitations in current literature, emphasizing the urgent need for NHPI-inclusive research to assess community-specific factors accurately. Such accuracy in Indigenous health research may ensure that findings relevant to individual or public health recommendations and/or policies are meaningful to the communities such research aims to serve. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interaction Between Gut Microbiota and Obesity)
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