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Nutrients
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Influence of Fructose and Glucose Metabolism for Human Health
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Influence of Fructose and Glucose Metabolism for Human Health

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Carbohydrates".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 July 2022) | Viewed by 11702

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Xavier Fioramonti

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
Interests: metabolic diseases; diabetes; obesity
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Veronique Douard

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
INRAE Agroparistech, Inst MICALIS, Jouy En Josas, France
Interests: gut microbiota; irritable bowel syndrome
Dr. Chloe Melchior

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Gastroenterol Dept, Rouen Univ Hosp, Rouen, France
2. INSERM UMR 1073, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France
Interests: irritable bowel syndrome; IBS; gastroenterology; gastrointestinal diseases

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The impact of unbalanced nutrition on physiological functions is a public health concern. Sugar overconsumption has been highlighted as potentially harmful by several institutes involved in nutritional recommendation, including the French Anses institute (saisine n° 2012-SA-0186). Since the 1960s, sugar has been extensively added to processed food. In addition, the ending of European sugar quota in 2017 will likely further increase its intake by 8–15% in the next decade. The nature of ingested sugars is particularly important since monosaccharides—products of sugars digestion, including glucose, fructose or galactose—do not have the same impact, depending on the organs they are absorbed in.

This Special Issue of the journal Nutrients will welcome original articles or reviews addressing the questions of the impact of ingested sugars on health. We invite you to submit manuscripts that provide novel and mechanistic insights on how complex sugars (di- or polysaccharides) or monosaccharides affect cerebral or peripheral functions. Studies showing how sugar consumption impact gut microbiota physiology will be welcome as well. Relevant epidemiological data or research focusing on human, animal models or on appropriate “in vitro” approaches will be welcome.

Dr. Xavier Fioramonti
Dr. Veronique Douard
Dr. Chloe Melchior
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • fructose
  • glucose
  • metabolism

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 3454 KiB  
Article
Comparative Effects of Allulose, Fructose, and Glucose on the Small Intestine
by Takuji Suzuki, Yuki Sato, Sumire Kadoya, Takumi Takahashi, Moeko Otomo, Hanna Kobayashi, Kai Aoki, Mai Kantake, Maika Sugiyama and Ronaldo P. Ferraris
Nutrients 2022, 14(15), 3230; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14153230 - 7 Aug 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4676
Abstract
Despite numerous studies on the health benefits of the rare sugar allulose, its effects on intestinal mucosal morphology and function are unclear. We therefore first determined its acute effects on the small intestinal transcriptome using DNA microarray analysis following intestinal allulose, fructose and [...] Read more.
Despite numerous studies on the health benefits of the rare sugar allulose, its effects on intestinal mucosal morphology and function are unclear. We therefore first determined its acute effects on the small intestinal transcriptome using DNA microarray analysis following intestinal allulose, fructose and glucose perfusion in rats. Expression levels of about 8-fold more genes were altered by allulose compared to fructose and glucose perfusion, suggesting a much greater impact on the intestinal transcriptome. Subsequent pathway analysis indicated that nutrient transport, metabolism, and digestive system development were markedly upregulated, suggesting allulose may acutely stimulate these functions. We then evaluated whether allulose can restore rat small intestinal structure and function when ingested orally following total parenteral nutrition (TPN). We also monitored allulose effects on blood levels of glucagon-like peptides (GLP) 1 and 2 in TPN rats and normal mice. Expression levels of fatty acid binding and gut barrier proteins were reduced by TPN but rescued by allulose ingestion, and paralleled GLP-2 secretion potentially acting as the mechanism mediating the rescue effect. Thus, allulose can potentially enhance disrupted gut mucosal barriers as it can more extensively modulate the intestinal transcriptome relative to glucose and fructose considered risk factors of metabolic disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Influence of Fructose and Glucose Metabolism for Human Health)
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16 pages, 1454 KiB  
Article
Clinical and Metabolomic Effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici in Fructose Intolerant Patients
by Piero Portincasa, Giuseppe Celano, Nadia Serale, Paola Vitellio, Francesco Maria Calabrese, Alexandra Chira, Liliana David, Dan L. Dumitrascu and Maria De Angelis
Nutrients 2022, 14(12), 2488; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14122488 - 15 Jun 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3341
Abstract
Fructose intolerance (FI) is a widespread non-genetic condition in which the incomplete absorption of fructose leads to gastro-intestinal disorders. The crucial role of microbial dysbiosis on the onset of these intolerance symptoms together with their persistence under free fructose diets are driving the [...] Read more.
Fructose intolerance (FI) is a widespread non-genetic condition in which the incomplete absorption of fructose leads to gastro-intestinal disorders. The crucial role of microbial dysbiosis on the onset of these intolerance symptoms together with their persistence under free fructose diets are driving the scientific community towards the use of probiotics as a novel therapeutic approach. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of FI in a cohort composed of Romanian adults with Functional Grastrointestinal Disorders (FGIDs) and the effectiveness of treatment based on the probiotic formulation EQBIOTA® (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CECT 7484 and 7485 and Pediococcus acidilactici CECT 7483). We evaluated the impact of a 30-day treatment both on FI subjects and healthy volunteers. The gastrointestinal symptoms and fecal volatile metabolome were evaluated. A statistically significant improvement of symptoms (i.e., bloating, and abdominal pain) was reported in FI patient after treatment. On the other hand, at the baseline, the content of volatile metabolites was heterogeneously distributed between the two study arms, whereas the treatment led differences to decrease. From our analysis, how some metabolomics compounds were correlated with the improvement and worsening of clinical symptoms clearly emerged. Preliminary observations suggested how the improvement of gastrointestinal symptoms could be induced by the increase of anti-inflammatory and protective substrates. A deeper investigation in a larger patient cohort subjected to a prolonged treatment would allow a more comprehensive evaluation of the probiotic treatment effects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Influence of Fructose and Glucose Metabolism for Human Health)
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13 pages, 2977 KiB  
Communication
Glucose Stimulates Gut Motility in Fasted and Fed Conditions: Potential Involvement of a Nitric Oxide Pathway
by Eve Wemelle, Lionel Carneiro, Anne Abot, Jean Lesage, Patrice D. Cani and Claude Knauf
Nutrients 2022, 14(10), 2176; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14102176 - 23 May 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3053
Abstract
(1) Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with a duodenal hypermotility in postprandial conditions that favors hyperglycemia and insulin resistance via the gut-brain axis. Enterosynes, molecules produced within the gut with effects on the enteric nervous system, have been recently discovered and [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with a duodenal hypermotility in postprandial conditions that favors hyperglycemia and insulin resistance via the gut-brain axis. Enterosynes, molecules produced within the gut with effects on the enteric nervous system, have been recently discovered and pointed to as potential key modulators of the glycemia. Indeed, targeting the enteric nervous system that controls gut motility is now considered as an innovative therapeutic way in T2D to limit intestinal glucose absorption and restore the gut-brain axis to improve insulin sensitivity. So far, little is known about the role of glucose on duodenal contraction in fasted and fed states in normal and diabetic conditions. The aim of the present study was thus to investigate these effects in adult mice. (2) Methods: Gene-expression level of glucose transporters (SGLT-1 and GLUT2) were quantified in the duodenum and jejunum of normal and diabetic mice fed with an HFD. The effect of glucose at different concentrations on duodenal and jejunal motility was studied ex vivo using an isotonic sensor in fasted and fed conditions in both normal chow and HFD mice. (3) Results: Both SGLT1 and GLUT2 expressions were increased in the duodenum (47 and 300%, respectively) and jejunum (75% for GLUT2) of T2D mice. We observed that glucose stimulates intestinal motility in fasted (200%) and fed (400%) control mice via GLUT2 by decreasing enteric nitric oxide release (by 600%), a neurotransmitter that inhibits gut contractions. This effect was not observed in diabetic mice, suggesting that glucose sensing and mechanosensing are altered during T2D. (4) Conclusions: Glucose acts as an enterosyne to control intestinal motility and glucose absorption through the enteric nervous system. Our data demonstrate that GLUT2 and a reduction of NO production could both be involved in this stimulatory contracting effect. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Influence of Fructose and Glucose Metabolism for Human Health)
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