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Nutrients
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Assessment of Vitamin D Status and Intake in Human Health
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Assessment of Vitamin D Status and Intake in Human Health

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Micronutrients and Human Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 5 September 2025 | Viewed by 3955

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Istvan Takacs

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, 2/a Korányi S. Str, 1083, Budapest, Hungary
Interests: calcium metabolism; bone metabolism; genetics of bone diseases; vitamin D metabolism; pathophysiology; genetic of thyroid diseases; general health sciences; theoretical medicine
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Vitamin D deficiency has a high prevalence worldwide. Endeavors to ameliorate this public health problem are challenged mostly by the heterogeneity of nutritional and clinical vitamin D guidelines. The importance of vitamin D goes far beyond musculoskeletal health. As the vitamin D receptor (VDR) is expressed in the majority of human cells, it has been proposed that vitamin D may have a more widespread role in general health. This is supported by several experimental and epidemiological studies. The general dilemma regarding the potential extra-skeletal health benefits of vitamin D is that the vitamin D requirements for skeletal health may be fulfilled at lower or higher 25(OH)D concentrations than the requirements for certain extra-skeletal health benefits. Recent large vitamin D RCTs failed to document significant benefits regarding their primary outcomes, including mortality, cancer, or cardiovascular diseases, but these trials enrolled populations that were, by a vast majority, not vitamin D deficient.

This Special Issue will include manuscripts that focus on the assessment of vitamin D status (i.e., deficiency/normal/high level) and investigate the associations or causal relationships with any health benefit or disease outcome. Additionally, we accept studies regarding the investigation of vitamin D supplementation in healthy individuals or in patient populations with vitamin D deficiency compared to those of normal vitamin D status.

Dr. Istvan Takacs
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • 25(OH)D level
  • 1,25(OH)2D level
  • vitamin D deficiency
  • vitamin D supplementation
  • treatment
  • prevention

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 1020 KiB  
Article
Effect of Moderately High-Dose Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Mortality in Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 Infection
by Liza Dalma Sümegi, Marina Varga, Veronika Kadocsa, Balázs Szili, Márk Stempler, Péter András Lakatos, Zsuzsanna Németh and István Takács
Nutrients 2025, 17(3), 507; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17030507 - 30 Jan 2025
Viewed by 2228
Abstract
Background: Despite a large number of published studies, the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on mortality in hospitalized patients, as well as the recommended dose and duration of therapy, is unclear. In our retrospective study, we aimed to investigate the impact of vitamin [...] Read more.
Background: Despite a large number of published studies, the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on mortality in hospitalized patients, as well as the recommended dose and duration of therapy, is unclear. In our retrospective study, we aimed to investigate the impact of vitamin D deficiency and moderately high-dose vitamin D3 supplementation on mortality and disease outcomes in patients with COVID-19 infection. Methods: We analyzed data from 148 COVID-19-infected hospitalized patients in two different departments, Internal Medicine and Oncology, at Semmelweis University. The severity of COVID-19 and the treatment used were the same except at one of the departments, where patients received circa 90,000 IU of vitamin D3. We compared in-hospital mortality rates between the groups. In a subgroup analysis, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of vitamin D3 supplementation by assessing 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D concentrations on days 0, 4, and 8. Results: As a result of the supplementation, the deficiency was resolved in 4 days in deficient patients, and none of the 25(OH)D or 1,25(OH)2D concentrations exceeded the normal range. Mortality was significantly lower and decreased 67% in the group receiving vitamin D3 supplementation, regardless of baseline 25(OH)D concentrations. Conclusions: The supplemental dosage, 3 × 30,000 IU of vitamin D3, is effective and safe and may reduce mortality in COVID-19 infection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Assessment of Vitamin D Status and Intake in Human Health)
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Review

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18 pages, 2532 KiB  
Review
Vitamin D: Beyond Traditional Roles—Insights into Its Biochemical Pathways and Physiological Impacts
by Vlad Mihai Voiculescu, Andreea Nelson Twakor, Nicole Jerpelea and Anca Pantea Stoian
Nutrients 2025, 17(5), 803; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17050803 - 26 Feb 2025
Viewed by 1136
Abstract
Background: It is true that vitamin D did not earn its title as the “sunshine vitamin” for nothing. In recent years, however, there has been a shift in the perception surrounding vitamin D to a type of hormone that boasts countless bioactivities and [...] Read more.
Background: It is true that vitamin D did not earn its title as the “sunshine vitamin” for nothing. In recent years, however, there has been a shift in the perception surrounding vitamin D to a type of hormone that boasts countless bioactivities and health advantages. Historically, vitamin D has been known to take care of skeletal integrity and the calcium–phosphorus balance in the body, but new scientific research displays a much larger spectrum of actions handled by this vitamin. Materials and Methods: A systematic literature search was performed using the following electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library. Results: Many emerging new ideas, especially concerning alternative hormonal pathways and vitamin D analogs, are uniformly challenging the classic “one hormone–one receptor” hypothesis. To add more context to this, the vitamin D receptor (VDR) was previously assumed to be the only means through which the biologically active steroid 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 could impact the body. Two other molecules apart from the active hormonal form of 1,25(OH)2D3 have gained interest in recent years, and these have reinvigorated research on D3 metabolism. These metabolites can interact with several other nuclear receptors (like related orphan receptor alpha—RORα, related orphan receptor gamma—RORγ, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor—AhR) and trigger various biological responses. Conclusions: This paper thus makes a case for placing vitamin D at the forefront of new holistic and dermatological health research by investigating the potential synergies between the canonical and noncanonical vitamin D pathways. This means that there are now plentiful new opportunities for manipulating and understanding the full spectrum of vitamin D actions, far beyond those related to minerals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Assessment of Vitamin D Status and Intake in Human Health)
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Other

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14 pages, 1266 KiB  
Systematic Review
Influence of Vitamin D on Developmental Defects of Enamel (DDE) in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review
by Paula Piekoszewska-Ziętek, Karolina Spodzieja and Dorota Olczak-Kowalczyk
Nutrients 2025, 17(8), 1317; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17081317 - 10 Apr 2025
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: This systematic review aims to investigate the potential association between vitamin D levels and the occurrence of developmental enamel defects (DDE) in children, including conditions like molar–incisor hypomineralization (MIH) and hypomineralized second primary molars (HSPMs). DDEs, which occur during tooth development, can [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: This systematic review aims to investigate the potential association between vitamin D levels and the occurrence of developmental enamel defects (DDE) in children, including conditions like molar–incisor hypomineralization (MIH) and hypomineralized second primary molars (HSPMs). DDEs, which occur during tooth development, can result in significant aesthetic and functional issues, and their exact etiology remains unclear, with both genetic and environmental factors contributing. Among environmental factors, vitamin D deficiency has been proposed as a possible risk factor, given its role in enamel mineralization. Methods: A thorough literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Embase. The search strategy included terms such as “vitamin D”, “vitamin D deficiency”, “developmental defects of enamel”, “enamel hypoplasia”, “molar-incisor hypomineralization”, and “hypomineralized second primary molars”. Studies were included if they were original human observational research (cohort, case–control, or cross-sectional) conducted in children under 18 years of age or involving maternal–child cohorts. Ten studies were included in the analysis, with a total of 15,891 participants. The primary data extracted from the selected studies included the following: study design, participants’ age, sample size, vitamin D status in relation to developmental defects of enamel, and statistical significance Results: The findings were mixed, with only a few studies suggesting a significant association between low vitamin D levels and the presence of DDEs. Specifically, one study found a link between insufficient maternal vitamin D levels during pregnancy and an increased number of teeth affected by MIH in children. However, the majority of the studies did not report a significant association. Conclusions: This review concludes that while there is some evidence to suggest a possible relationship between vitamin D and DDEs, more research is needed to confirm these findings and better understand the underlying mechanisms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Assessment of Vitamin D Status and Intake in Human Health)
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