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Sustainable Research of Geotechnical Engineering Developments in Underground Space and Tunnel Excavation

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Sustainable Engineering and Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 7673

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Dongku Kim

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Research Professor, Future and Fusion Lab of Architectural, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
Interests: geotechnical engineering; tunnel engineering; surface settlements
Dr. Seokjae Lee

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Korea Institute Of Ocean Science & Technology, Sangnok-gu, Ansan-si, Korea
Interests: geotechnical engineering; geothermal energy; renewable energy; energy pile; energy slab

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As tunnel constructions increase worldwide, the improvement of fundamental knowledge of tunnel engineering and potential risk or impact on surrounding environments induced by tunneling are the key aspects of sustainable research of tunnel excavation and surface settlements. The development of prediction and analysis tool will improve the sustainable designs of tunnel excavation.

The Special Issue aims to bring together recent advances in all aspects of tunnel engineering (e.g., tunneling case histories in complex ground conditions, tunneling performance analysis, and surface settlement prediction methods) that will potentially contribute to sustainable geotechnical design. In addition to topics related to engineered systems, topics related to risk and economic issues in tunneling are also welcome. Relevant topics in this Special Issue could include:

  • Sustainable technologies in tunnel engineering;
  • Tunnel excavation performance analysis;
  • Surface settlement prediction;
  • Modeling of tunneling and excavation;
  • Safety strategies for tunnels and underground space;
  • Tunnel numerical analysis;
  • Recent advancement of tunneling technologies and applications;
  • Developments in urban underground space;
  • Other recent progress in geotechnical engineering.

Prof. Dr. Dongku Kim
Dr. Seokjae Lee
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • geotechnical engineering
  • tunnel engineering
  • shield TBM
  • NATM tunnel
  • surface settlement
  • numerical analysis
  • risk assessment
  • sustainable geotechnical design

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

32 pages, 10444 KiB  
Article
Data Preprocessing and Machine Learning Modeling for Rockburst Assessment
by Jie Li, Helin Fu, Kaixun Hu and Wei Chen
Sustainability 2023, 15(18), 13282; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151813282 - 5 Sep 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1384
Abstract
Rockbursts pose a significant threat to human safety and environmental stability. This paper aims to predict rockburst intensity using a machine learning model. A dataset containing 344 rockburst cases was collected, with eight inducing features as input and four rockburst grades as output. [...] Read more.
Rockbursts pose a significant threat to human safety and environmental stability. This paper aims to predict rockburst intensity using a machine learning model. A dataset containing 344 rockburst cases was collected, with eight inducing features as input and four rockburst grades as output. In the preprocessing stage, missing feature values were estimated using a regression imputation strategy. A novel approach, which combines feature selection (FS), t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE), and Gaussian mixture model (GMM) clustering, was proposed to relabel the dataset. The effectiveness of this approach was compared with common statistical methods, and its underlying principles were analyzed. A voting ensemble strategy was used to build the machine learning model, and optimal hyperparameters were determined using the tree-structured Parzen estimator (TPE), whose efficiency and accuracy were compared with three common optimization algorithms. The best combination model was determined using performance evaluation and subsequently applied to practical rockburst prediction. Finally, feature sensitivity was studied using a relative importance analysis. The results indicate that the FS + t-SNE + GMM approach stands out as the optimum data preprocessing method, significantly improving the prediction accuracy and generalization ability of the model. TPE is the most effective optimization algorithm, characterized simultaneously by both high search capability and efficiency. Moreover, the elastic energy index Wet, the maximum circumferential stress of surrounding rock σθ, and the uniaxial compression strength of rock σc were identified as relatively important features in the rockburst prediction model. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Research of Geotechnical Engineering Developments in Underground Space and Tunnel Excavation)
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19 pages, 6218 KiB  
Article
Deformation-Based Basal Heave Reliability Analysis and Selection on Monitoring Points for General Braced Excavations
by Kaiqi Meng, Guangming Yu, Liang Li, Zhen Xu, Jun Lei, Yanxiang Fan, Hongbiao Yu and Liang Xu
Sustainability 2023, 15(11), 8985; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15118985 - 2 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1307
Abstract
A framework for evaluating deformation-based basal heave stability is proposed in order to distinguish between the different responses under freely developed and prohibited basal heave failures. In the case of freely developed basal heave failure, the maximum deformation values occur at the center [...] Read more.
A framework for evaluating deformation-based basal heave stability is proposed in order to distinguish between the different responses under freely developed and prohibited basal heave failures. In the case of freely developed basal heave failure, the maximum deformation values occur at the center point of pit bottom, whereas this is not the case for the prohibited basal heave failure. The critical thickness of soft soil layer between the end of supporting structures and the top of hard stratum is about 0.3B (B = excavation width), beyond which the freely developed basal heave failure arises. In situations otherwise, the prohibited basal heave failure occurs. The failure probability of basal heave failure at the center point increases significantly as B ranges within a limited value; then, it begins to decrease or to vary slightly at a certain value under a given thickness of soft soil layer. If the thickness of soft soil layer is so sufficiently large that freely developed basal heave failure occurs for any of B, the failure probability of basal heave failure at the center point increases as B increases. The selection of the optimum monitoring points for basal heave stability is recommended to account for the weights in the contribution to the basal heave deformations of the influencing factors such as excavation width and thickness of soft soil layer. The proposed framework is applicable to basal heave reliability analysis for braced excavations where deformation values are focused. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Research of Geotechnical Engineering Developments in Underground Space and Tunnel Excavation)
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15 pages, 4553 KiB  
Article
Optimization of Recharge Schemes for Deep Excavation in the Confined Water-Rich Stratum
by Bo Wu, Ke Zhang, Guowang Meng and Xiao Suo
Sustainability 2023, 15(6), 5432; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15065432 - 20 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1543
Abstract
With the excavation of a metro station in a confined water-rich stratum as our background, the sensitivity of four typical recharge parameters is analyzed by using numerical simulation. Based on the orthogonal analysis method, an optimal recharge scheme was obtained. The results show [...] Read more.
With the excavation of a metro station in a confined water-rich stratum as our background, the sensitivity of four typical recharge parameters is analyzed by using numerical simulation. Based on the orthogonal analysis method, an optimal recharge scheme was obtained. The results show that the main influential factors of ground settlement and groundwater recovery are recharge pressure and recharge depth. The main influential factor of retaining structure deformation and influence radius of recharge is the distance between the recharge wells and the foundation pit. For the groundwater recharging of a deep excavation in the water-rich confined area of Jinan, China, the optimal effect can be achieved when setting recharge wells with a depth of 50 m arranged in a line with a spacing of 10 m at a horizontal distance of 20 m away from the retaining wall and recharge pressure is 40 kPa. With the same construction difficulty, the maximum settlement in optimized scheme decreased 71.19%, the flux of groundwater recovery increased 11.96%, the maximum horizontal displacement of the wall decreased 15.61%, and the influence radius of recharge enlarged 8.62% compared to original scheme. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Research of Geotechnical Engineering Developments in Underground Space and Tunnel Excavation)
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15 pages, 7325 KiB  
Article
Applicability Evaluation of Energy Slabs Installed in an Underground Parking Lot
by Seokjae Lee, Sangwoo Park, Taek Hee Han, Jongmuk Won and Hangseok Choi
Sustainability 2023, 15(4), 2973; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15042973 - 7 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1375
Abstract
A floor slab of buildings can be used as a ground heat exchanger by equipping heat exchange pipes with a horizontal layout, namely energy slabs. The thermal performance of conventional energy slabs is relatively low due to the interference with the ambient air [...] Read more.
A floor slab of buildings can be used as a ground heat exchanger by equipping heat exchange pipes with a horizontal layout, namely energy slabs. The thermal performance of conventional energy slabs is relatively low due to the interference with the ambient air temperature. This fatal drawback can be overcome by installing energy slabs in an underground parking lot, where the influence of ambient air is not significant. This study experimentally investigated the applicability of two types of energy slabs (floor type and wall type), which were constructed on the basement slab in an underground parking lot. In particular, an aerogel-type thermal insulation layer was fabricated in each energy slab to isolate it from the ambient air along with enhancing the structural stability against automobiles. In the thermal performance tests, the constructed energy slabs showed a thermal performance 265% higher than the conventional energy slabs. Moreover, the aerogel-type thermal insulation layer effectively prevented surface condensation. However, the thermal stress of 2350 kPa was induced by the cooling operation in the energy slabs, which means the energy slab should possess sufficient tensile strength to secure the structural integrity of the parking lot basement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Research of Geotechnical Engineering Developments in Underground Space and Tunnel Excavation)
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15 pages, 3189 KiB  
Article
Stability Analysis of the Surrounding Rock-Lining Structure in Deep-Buried Hydraulic Tunnels Having Seepage Effect
by Haibo Jiang, Helin Sun, Kebin Shi and Juncai Xu
Sustainability 2022, 14(24), 16586; https://doi.org/10.3390/su142416586 - 11 Dec 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1223
Abstract
To clarify the factors affecting the stability of deep-buried hydraulic tunnels containing pore water, the elastoplastic theory and the Mogi-Coulomb strength criterion were used to derive the analytical solutions of stress on the surrounding rock-lining structure, tunnel wall displacement, and plastic zone radius [...] Read more.
To clarify the factors affecting the stability of deep-buried hydraulic tunnels containing pore water, the elastoplastic theory and the Mogi-Coulomb strength criterion were used to derive the analytical solutions of stress on the surrounding rock-lining structure, tunnel wall displacement, and plastic zone radius in surrounding rock under different operating conditions. During this process, the seepage effect and surrounding rock-lining interaction were considered. The influencing rules of seepage action, intermediate principal stress coefficient, lining permeability coefficient, and lining thickness on the stability of the surrounding rock-lining structure were investigated in depth. The results show that the seepage effect significantly changed the stress distributions in the lining structure and surrounding rock, reduced the bearing reaction force, and lowered the tunnel stability. The bearing reaction force was decreased considerably from the intermediate principal stress, and the plastic zone radius in the surrounding rock and the tunnel wall displacement was obviously reduced. Moreover, the bearing reaction force was reduced, and the plastic zone radius in the surrounding rock and the tunnel wall displacement was increased with the decrease of the lining permeability coefficient. With increasing the lining thickness, the bearing reaction force was enhanced, and an apparent restriction on the development of plastic zone in the surrounding rock appeared at the beginning, but the restriction effect weakened subsequently. This research can theoretically provide references for analyzing the stability of hydraulic tunnels containing pore water. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Research of Geotechnical Engineering Developments in Underground Space and Tunnel Excavation)
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