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Sustainable Energy and Climate: Net Zero Strategies and Rapid Decarbonisation Pathways

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Sustainability".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2025 | Viewed by 4369

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Lecturer in Architecture, School of the Built Environment and Architecture, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA, UK
Interests: adaptive thermal comfort; bioclimatic design; building optimization; energy; energy policy; energy efficiency; environmental monitoring; environmental psychology; climate modelling; energy modelling; indoor air quality; life cycle-cost-assessment; passive design; overheating risk; occupant behaviour; regression forecasting; renewable energy; retrofitting; social housing; solar energy; sustainability; thermal-imaging; urban climate; urban heat island
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
School of Built Environment & Architecture, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Rd, London SE1 0AA, UK
Interests: energy conversion; energy management; co- and tri-generation systems; refrigeration; alternative and renewable technologies; life cycle assessment; heat transfer
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
College of Architecture and Design (COAD), Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University (PMU), Dhahran 34754, Saudi Arabia
Interests: climate change projections; building energy; energy use intensity; energy efficiency gap; multi-objective optimisation; energy transitions; renewable energy and technologies; socio-technical-systems; sustainable materials and technologies; sustainability; system dynamics; thermal comfort; urban climate modelling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Achieving zero-carbon targets plays a vital role in reducing the impact of greenhouse gas emissions. Societies, either developed or developing, cannot deal with the demands of consumer’s energy use—in the design and procurement of built environments. So, many European laws aim to reduce energy use and cut CO2 emissions to 80% of those in 1990 levels by 2030, and the UK Climate Act aims to reduce CO2 emissions to 30% by 2050. Globally, many government initiatives at different levels are urgently seeking effective solutions to the problems emanating from rising energy bills. Developing the energy and simulation framework plays an important role in buildings’ retrofitting to bridge the knowledge gap between education and practice and to improve awareness in energy conservation within the EU-27 members. This could be achieved by introducing effective control mechanisms into the residential sector. There is not any set of agenda or rules to identify baseline scenarios in energy use, nor to set an effective guidance, nor a roadmap in order to imply cost-effective net zero energy targets by considering global warming.

This Special Issue aims to advance sustainable energy efficiency schemes with a focus on the Net Zero Energy implementation in the design of future buildings, cities, and retrofitting of existing buildings. This call seeks to address climate change while assessing the overheating risk of buildings to optimise occupants’ thermal comfort through evidence-based energy policy design worldwide. This Special Issue will present the importance of a human-based approach, involving features such as occupants’ behaviours on energy use to fill a research gap in energy simulation studies. The main objective is to address the problems of designing while considering climate, which is relevant for all types of building design and master planning schemes globally, particularly the implications for decarbonisation strategies. We seek to publish representative pilot case study examples, methodologies, and innovative design approaches spanning a broad range of topics to promote generalisability of findings. Invited contrubutions are not limited to studies on climate-responsive design, but also consider net zero energy design, policy making decisions, and planning strategies. This Special Issue will be of great interest to scholars of energy policy, energy efficiency, renewable energy systems, and planning.

Dr. Bertug Ozarisoy
Prof. Dr. Issa Chaer
Prof. Dr. Haşim Altan
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • climate change and mitigation
  • passive solar design
  • sustainable building design
  • environmental monitoring, testing, and modelling
  • outdoor thermal comfort
  • thermal comfort and adaptation
  • net zero energy buildings and communities
  • climate modelling and forecasting
  • environmental sustainability
  • climate resilience and adaptation
  • urban environment
  • urban heat island effect
  • sustainable development goals
  • indoor air quality
  • healthy building design
  • modelling energy performance of buildings
  • building energy performance assessment methods
  • energy efficiency
  • energy policy and economics
  • energy
  • energy policy
  • built environment
  • net zero energy
  • retrofitting
  • life-cycle cost assessment
  • building occupancy survey
  • in situ measurements
  • decarbonisation strategies
  • socio-technical systems approach
  • climate change projections
  • occupant behaviour
  • benchmarking and standardisation
  • renewable energy systems
  • sustainable technologies
  • multi-objective optimisation
  • energy conservation

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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23 pages, 26611 KiB  
Article
An Evidence-Based Assessment of Biophilic Interior Design in a Traditional Context: The Case of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
by Alis Saad Shbaita, Simge Bardak Denerel and Buket Asilsoy
Sustainability 2024, 16(18), 7979; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16187979 - 12 Sep 2024
Abstract
Biophilia is a concept that suggests humans have an innate connection to nature. Biophilic design needs to be addressed under the umbrella of environmentally sustainable design, which is crucial in regard to the current urban development agenda. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, as [...] Read more.
Biophilia is a concept that suggests humans have an innate connection to nature. Biophilic design needs to be addressed under the umbrella of environmentally sustainable design, which is crucial in regard to the current urban development agenda. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, as a Gulf country possessing valuable traditional architecture with rich local diversity, also needs to implement strategies for the establishment of sustainable development goals. The evaluation of biophilic design in the interior design environment through the values of traditional architecture can be a positive step towards reconnecting the built environment with nature. Within this scope, after a theoretical evaluation of biophilia, biophilic design (BD), and existing BD frameworks, in this study, we used the Biophilic Interior Design Matrix (BID-M) to assess biophilia in traditional Saudi architecture. Three heritage buildings in each of the four regions, amounting to twelve buildings in total, were rated for each of the BID-M matrix’s 54 listed features. According to the findings of a quantitative assessment based on the qualitative evaluation of biophilia in the chosen heritage buildings, these traditional buildings have a remarkably high score regarding biophilia. As such, there is a clear indication of the potential for aligning heritage building values with biophilic interior design features. This new approach, uniquely tailored to the rich and diverse cultural identity of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, is crucial for incorporating sustainability into modern construction and has significant implications for the future of architecture in this region. Full article
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15 pages, 3528 KiB  
Article
Enhancing Sustainability of Building Foundations with Efficient Open-End Pile Optimization
by Primož Jelušič
Sustainability 2024, 16(16), 6880; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16166880 - 10 Aug 2024
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Abstract
Optimizing open-end piles is crucial for sustainability as it minimizes material consumption and reduces environmental impact. By improving construction efficiency, less steel is needed, reducing the carbon footprint associated with production and transportation. Improved pile performance also results in more durable structures that [...] Read more.
Optimizing open-end piles is crucial for sustainability as it minimizes material consumption and reduces environmental impact. By improving construction efficiency, less steel is needed, reducing the carbon footprint associated with production and transportation. Improved pile performance also results in more durable structures that require less frequent replacement and maintenance, which in turn saves resources and energy. This paper presents a parametric study on optimal designs for open-ended piles in sand, presenting a novel approach to directly compute optimal pile designs using CPT results. It addresses challenges posed by soil variability and layered conditions, with the optimization model accounting for interdependencies among pile length, diameter, wall thickness and soil properties, including the pile–soil plug system. A mixed-integer optimization model OPEN-Pile was developed, consisting of an objective function for pile mass and CO2 emissions. The objective function was constrained by a set of design and geotechnical conditions that corresponded to current codes of practice and recommendations. The efficiency of the developed optimization model is illustrated by two case studies. In the case of Blessington sand, the calculation results show that it is more economical and environmentally friendly to increase the pile diameter and pile wall thickness than the pile length. In efficient design, the ratio between diameter and wall thickness is calculated at the upper limit. For the optimum design of piles in Blessington sand, the optimum ratios of pile length to diameter, diameter to wall thickness and length to wall thickness are 5, 50 and 250, respectively. In a layered soil profile, the decision of where to place the pile base depends on the resistance of the cone tip and the thickness of the individual layers. To determine in which layer the pile base should be placed, we need to perform an optimization for the given design data. Full article
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Review

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41 pages, 12863 KiB  
Review
Factors Affecting the Indoor Air Quality and Occupants’ Thermal Comfort in Urban Agglomeration Regions in the Hot and Humid Climate of Pakistan
by Muhammad Usama Haroon, Bertug Ozarisoy and Hasim Altan
Sustainability 2024, 16(17), 7869; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177869 - 9 Sep 2024
Abstract
The World Air Quality Index indicates that Pakistan ranks as the third most polluted country, regarding the average (Particulate Matter) PM2.5 concentration, which is 14.2 times higher than the World Health Organization’s annual air quality guideline. It is crucial to implement a [...] Read more.
The World Air Quality Index indicates that Pakistan ranks as the third most polluted country, regarding the average (Particulate Matter) PM2.5 concentration, which is 14.2 times higher than the World Health Organization’s annual air quality guideline. It is crucial to implement a program aimed at reducing PM2.5 levels in Pakistan’s urban areas. This review paper highlights the importance of indoor air pollution in urban regions such as Lahore, Faisalabad, Gujranwala, Rawalpindi, and Karachi, while also considering the effects of outdoor air temperature on occupants’ thermal comfort. The study aims to evaluate past methodological approaches to enhance indoor air quality in buildings. The main research question is to address whether there are statistical correlations between the PM2.5 and the operative air temperature and whether other indoor climatic variables have an impact on the thermal comfort assessment in densely built urban agglomeration regions in Pakistan. A systematic review analysis method was employed to investigate the effects of particulate matter (PM2.5), carbon oxides (COx), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on residents’ health. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) protocol guided the identification of key terms and the extraction of cited studies. The literature review incorporated a combination of descriptive research methods to inform the research context regarding both ambient and indoor air quality, providing a theoretical and methodological framework for understanding air pollution and its mitigation in various global contexts. The study found a marginally significant relationship between the PM2.5 operative air temperature and occupants’ overall temperature satisfaction, Ordinal Regression (OR) = 0.958 (95%—Confidence Interval (CI) [0.918, 1.000]), p = 0.050, Nagelkerke − Regression (R2) = 0.042. The study contributes to research on the development of an evidence-based thermal comfort assessment benchmark criteria for the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) Global Thermal Comfort Database version 2.1. Full article
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