Nutritional Interventions for Gut Development and Health in Nursing and Weaned Pigs

A special issue of Veterinary Sciences (ISSN 2306-7381).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2023) | Viewed by 2672

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Biological Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, One Grand Ave, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
Interests: neuroscience; gastrointestinal physiology; fatty liver disease; animal behavior (pigs); cell biology assays; vaccine development

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The structural and functional gastrointestinal system of newborn pigs is poorly developed at birth and undergoes rapid specialization in the first few weeks of the animal’s life. In addition, the mucosal immunity of newborn pigs does not reach maturity until 6 weeks of age, making them more susceptible to severe enteric infections and subsequent antibiotic overuse. Weaning and transition from milk to solid feed are considered the major adaptive stressors for nursing piglets, which may cause gut dysbiosis and disturbances in the intestinal mucosa integrity and immunity, negatively impacting feed efficiency and growth. Currently, nutritional interventions, including prebiotics and probiotics, and feed additives such as essential oils, organic acids, protein supplements, oligosaccharides, short-chain fatty acids and microbials are being evaluated for restoring intestinal balance, enhancing nutrient digestion, and aiding in better management of the nursing and weaning periods. The emerging importance of the microbiota–immune crosstalk in regulating homeostasis of intestinal flora brings to our attention how nutritional intervention may modulate and contribute to pig gut development and health.

This Special Issue focuses on recent advances in all innovative nutritional strategies in pigs aimed at improved intestinal health, balanced gut microbiota, and integrated gut barrier function. We also welcome studies utilizing in vitro models of the piglet GI tract to explore mechanisms of pig intestinal health. 

Dr. Magdalena A. Maj
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • swine
  • microbiome
  • gut dysbiosis
  • protein
  • diet
  • development
  • immune cells
  • immune–microbiota crosstalk
  • taxa
  • host immunity
  • immunomodulation
  • probiotics
  • gut health
  • disease
  • feed efficiency

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

22 pages, 2137 KiB  
Article
Exploring the Differential Expression of a Set of Key Genes Involved in the Regulation and Functioning of the Stomach in the Post-Weaned Pig
by Dillon P. Kiernan, John V. O’Doherty, Kathryn Ruth Connolly, Marion Ryan and Torres Sweeney
Vet. Sci. 2023, 10(7), 473; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10070473 - 20 Jul 2023
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Abstract
Despite playing a key role in digestion, there is only a broad characterization of the spatiotemporal development of the three glandular regions of the stomach (cardiac, fundic and pyloric) in the weaned pig. Hence, the objective of this experiment was to explore the [...] Read more.
Despite playing a key role in digestion, there is only a broad characterization of the spatiotemporal development of the three glandular regions of the stomach (cardiac, fundic and pyloric) in the weaned pig. Hence, the objective of this experiment was to explore the differential expression (DE) of a panel of key genes within the three glandular regions of the stomach. Eight pigs were sacrificed at d 8 post-weaning, and three mucosal samples were collected from each stomach’s glandular regions. The expression of a panel of genes were measured using QPCR. The true cardiac gland region was characterized by increased expression of PIGR, OLFM4, CXCL8 and MUC2 relative to the two other regions (p < 0.05). The fundic gland region was characterized by increased expression of ATP4A, CLIC6, KCNQ1, HRH2, AQP4, HDC, CCKBR, CHIA, PGA5, GHRL and MBOAT4 compared to the two other regions (p < 0.05). The pyloric gland region was characterized by exclusive expression of GAST (p < 0.05). A transition region between the cardiac and fundic region (cardiac-to-oxyntic transition) was observed with a gene expression signature that resembles a cross of the signatures found in the two regions. In conclusion, unique gene expression signatures were identifiable in each of the glandular regions, with a cardiac-to-oxyntic transition region clearly identifiable in the post-weaned pigs’ stomachs. Full article
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