Endocrines

Research

10 pages, 568 KiB

Open AccessArticle

How Different Treatments for Acromegaly Modulate Sleep Quality: A Psychometric Study

by Gaspare Alfì, Danilo Menicucci, Dalì Antonia Ciampa, Vito Di Giura, Giulia Marconcini, Claudio Urbani, Fausto Bogazzi and Angelo Gemignani

Endocrines 2024, 5(3), 408-417; https://doi.org/10.3390/endocrines5030030 - 6 Sep 2024

Viewed by 750

Abstract

Acromegaly is a rare endocrine syndrome characterized by unrestrained growth hormone (GH) secretion from a GH-secreting pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET). Data on sleep disorders are scanty and mainly linked to Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS). This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of [...] Read more.

Acromegaly is a rare endocrine syndrome characterized by unrestrained growth hormone (GH) secretion from a GH-secreting pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET). Data on sleep disorders are scanty and mainly linked to Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS). This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of insomnia and sleep quality in a cohort of patients with a low risk of OSAS before and after therapies for acromegaly. A total of 27 naïve acromegalic patients (mean age 55.15 ± 10.53 years) were submitted to a psychometric sleep evaluation and compared to a matched control group of 24 Non-Functioning Pituitary micro-Adenoma patients (mean age 51.08 ± 11.02 years). A psychometric sleep evaluation was carried out 4 years later, after achieving acromegaly control in all patients. The role of different therapies for acromegaly (somatostatin analogues, pegvisomant, or adenomectomy) was evaluated. At the initial evaluation, most untreated acromegalic patients had a higher rate of impaired sleep quality and clinical insomnia than NFPA patients (p = 0.001 ES = 1.381, p = 0.001 ES = 1.654, respectively). Patients treated with somatostatin analogues or pituitary adenomectomy had an improvement in insomnia parameters (p = 0.046 ES = 0.777, p = 0.038 ES = 0.913, respectively). Conversely, in patients treated with pegvisomant, sleep quality and insomnia worsened (p = 0.028 ES = 1.002, p = 0.009 ES = 1.398, respectively). In summary, therapies for acromegaly seem to have divergent effects on perceived sleep disorders. Concerning sleep, somatostatin analogues and adenomectomy seem to have favorable effects on the psychometric parameters of sleep. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Endocrines: 2024)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

19 pages, 7813 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Bitter Phytochemicals Acutely Lower Blood Glucose Levels by Inhibition of Glucose Absorption in the Gut

by Kimberly Marie Palatini Jackson, Reham Mhawish and Slavko Komarnytsky

Endocrines 2024, 5(3), 304-322; https://doi.org/10.3390/endocrines5030022 - 25 Jul 2024

Viewed by 823

Abstract

For early hominids, frequent encounters with plant foods necessitated the ability to discern bitter poisons and adjust the activity of the gastrointestinal system in anticipation of carbohydrate-rich meals. Plants bitters were also used historically to manage a variety of metabolic and digestive disorders [...] Read more.

For early hominids, frequent encounters with plant foods necessitated the ability to discern bitter poisons and adjust the activity of the gastrointestinal system in anticipation of carbohydrate-rich meals. Plants bitters were also used historically to manage a variety of metabolic and digestive disorders despite an immense structural diversity of bitter phytochemicals without a common molecular target. Our study confirms these observations in a standardized C57BL/6J prediabetic mouse model using 24 model compounds by demonstrating acute lower peak blood glucose values and improved glucose tolerance following intragastric, but not intraperitoneal, treatment. The administration of the synthetic bitter compound denatonium benzoate yielded similar results that were attenuated by co-application of the allosteric inhibitor of the bitter TAS2R receptors. We also show that these effects occur dose-dependently; associate with reduced glucose uptake, increased intracellular [Ca²⁺] fluxes, and enhanced GLP-1 expression; and are attenuated by the TAS2R inhibitor in the neuroendocrine STC-1 intestinal cells. These findings support the view that inhibition of glucose transport from the intestinal lumen to the blood by TAS2R bitter receptor signaling in the gut may represent a common mechanism in the acute response to oral ingestion of bitter phytochemicals. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Endocrines: 2024)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 1955 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Differences in Exercise-Linked Biomarkers between Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Middle-Aged Females

by Anthony J. Giannopoulos, Ahmad Mohammad, Maria I. Retsidou, Jessica A. L. Tucker, Derek P. D. Bornath, Seth F. McCarthy, Rebecca E. K. MacPherson, Tom J. Hazell and Panagiota Klentrou

Endocrines 2024, 5(3), 290-303; https://doi.org/10.3390/endocrines5030021 - 23 Jul 2024

Viewed by 688

Abstract

While the exercise-induced responses of circulated biomarkers related to inflammation and brain health are well documented in humans, little is known about the effect of menopausal status on these responses. This study compared the responses of inflammatory cytokines and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) [...] Read more.

While the exercise-induced responses of circulated biomarkers related to inflammation and brain health are well documented in humans, little is known about the effect of menopausal status on these responses. This study compared the responses of inflammatory cytokines and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) to high-intensity exercise between pre- and postmenopausal middle-aged females. Eight premenopausal (44 ± 3 years) and seven postmenopausal (57 ± 2 years) females performed a high-intensity interval training (HIIT) session consisting of 10 × 1 min running intervals (90% maximum heart rate) separated by 1 min passive recovery intervals. Blood samples were collected at baseline (fasted), pre-exercise (postprandial), and at 0, 30, and 90 min post-HIIT and analyzed for interleukin (IL-6) and 10 (IL-10), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and BDNF. IL-6 significantly increased from pre-exercise to 0 min post-HIIT in postmenopausal (+40%, p = 0.01) and to 30 min post-HIIT in premenopausal females (+60%, p = 0.02). IL-6 remained elevated at 90 min post-HIIT in premenopausal (+104%, p = 0.05) and to a higher degree in postmenopausal females (+385%, p < 0.001). IL-10 showed no response. TNF-α increased from pre- to 0 min post-HIIT (+10%, p = 0.05), then decreased to below pre-exercise at 30 min (−10%, p = 0.02) and 90 min (−5%, p = 0.04) in both groups. BDNF increased immediately post-HIIT in premenopausal (+60%, p < 0.001) but not postmenopausal females. The differences in IL-6 and BDNF responses to HIIT between pre- and postmenopausal females provide evidence of the role of female reproductive hormones in the regulation of these exercise-induced responses. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Endocrines: 2024)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 3481 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Male LEW.1WR1 Rats Develop Metabolic Dysfunction, Steatohepatitis, and Liver Damage

by Quiana C. Wilkerson-Vidal, Madushika M. Wimalarathne, Emily C. Hunt, Luis Mercado, Moses Adaji David, Christopher R. Apperson, Alan Smiley, Sharifa Tahirah Love-Rutledge and Bernhard W. G. Vogler

Endocrines 2024, 5(2), 166-185; https://doi.org/10.3390/endocrines5020012 - 19 Apr 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2028

Abstract

Most patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) have insulin resistance, and there is a near-universal association between NASH and insulin resistance. Insulin resistance induces lipid accumulation in the liver, leading to the development of metabolic syndrome. However, most NASH rodent models fail to develop [...] Read more.

Most patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) have insulin resistance, and there is a near-universal association between NASH and insulin resistance. Insulin resistance induces lipid accumulation in the liver, leading to the development of metabolic syndrome. However, most NASH rodent models fail to develop metabolic syndrome. LEW.1WR1 rats that are 23 weeks old showed increased body mass, epididymal fat, and liver mass, suggesting obesity-driven metabolic dysfunction. We have characterized steatosis, inflammation, Mallory–Denk body formation with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), and fibrosis with Trichome blue staining. The presence of hepatic fibrosis with other features of NASH described above is one of the major strengths of this model since most of the currently available NASH models do not develop microvesicular steatosis or fibrosis. Together with the other important features of NASH described above, we confirm that male LEW.1WR1 rats develop NASH and insulin resistance with a standard diet. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Endocrines: 2024)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

8 pages, 1165 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Protective Activities of Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone Antagonists against Toxin-Induced Endothelial Injury

by Saikat Fakir and Nektarios Barabutis

Endocrines 2024, 5(1), 116-123; https://doi.org/10.3390/endocrines5010008 - 18 Mar 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1165

Abstract

GHRH regulates the secretion of GH from the anterior pituitary gland, previously associated with cancer progression and inflammation. An emerging body of evidence suggests that GHRHAnt support endothelial barrier function, but the mechanisms mediating these events are not completely understood. In the present [...] Read more.

GHRH regulates the secretion of GH from the anterior pituitary gland, previously associated with cancer progression and inflammation. An emerging body of evidence suggests that GHRHAnt support endothelial barrier function, but the mechanisms mediating these events are not completely understood. In the present study, it is demonstrated that the GHRHAnt JV-1-36 counteracts barrier dysfunction due to LPS or LTA treatment in HUVECs, utilizing the Dextran–FITC assay. Moreover, it is shown in BPAECs that these bacterial toxins increase ROS generation, and that this effect is counteracted by JV-1-36, which reinstates the redox balance. The possible involvement of NEK2 in the beneficial activities of GHRHAnt in IFN-γ- and LPS-triggered hyperpermeability was also assessed, since that kinase is involved in inflammatory responses. NEK2 was increased in the inflamed cells, and JV-1-36 counteracted those endothelial events. Our data support the beneficial effects of GHRHAnt in toxin-induced endothelial injury. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Endocrines: 2024)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Review

Jump to: Research, Other

16 pages, 3580 KiB

Open AccessReview

Synthetic Endocrine Disruptors in Fragranced Products

by Sawyer Ashcroft, Noura S. Dosoky, William N. Setzer and Prabodh Satyal

Endocrines 2024, 5(3), 366-381; https://doi.org/10.3390/endocrines5030027 - 15 Aug 2024

Viewed by 917

Abstract

Endocrine disruptors are molecules that can interfere with the proper functioning of the endocrine system and lead to harmful effects in living organisms. This review focuses on the impact of synthetic fragrances, which are commonly found in personal care and household products, on [...] Read more.

Endocrine disruptors are molecules that can interfere with the proper functioning of the endocrine system and lead to harmful effects in living organisms. This review focuses on the impact of synthetic fragrances, which are commonly found in personal care and household products, on the endocrine system. The article discusses the different types of hormones in the body and how they interact with receptors to produce signals. It also explores how endocrine disruptors can interfere with hormone signaling and transport, leading to adverse effects in the body. This work underscores the crucial need for further research into the impact of synthetic fragrances on the endocrine system and the importance of using safer alternatives in personal care and household products. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Endocrines: 2024)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 1058 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperReview

Human and Murine Cell Lines for Adrenocortical Carcinoma and Pheochromocytoma

by Edlira Luca, Andrea Abate, Katharina Wang, Stefan Bornstein, Sandra Sigala, Felix Beuschlein, Svenja Nölting and Constanze Hantel

Endocrines 2024, 5(3), 261-276; https://doi.org/10.3390/endocrines5030019 - 5 Jul 2024

Viewed by 872

Abstract

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) and pheochromocytoma (PCC) are malignancies originating from distinct layers of the adrenal gland. ACCs arise from the adrenal cortex, are often detected at advanced stages and are associated with poor prognosis. PCCs are mostly benign, arise from the adrenal medulla [...] Read more.

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) and pheochromocytoma (PCC) are malignancies originating from distinct layers of the adrenal gland. ACCs arise from the adrenal cortex, are often detected at advanced stages and are associated with poor prognosis. PCCs are mostly benign, arise from the adrenal medulla and have a variable prognosis, with 10% of PCCs resulting in metastasis. Genetic background strongly influences metastasis of PCCs, and no reliable biomarkers that predict metastatic behavior exist to date. Current therapeutic strategies for both ACCs and PCCs are overall limited. Thus, novel preclinical models and drug screening approaches need to be established to aid in the identification of more promising drugs and treatment schemes. In this review, we summarize the currently available human and murine cell lines for both tumor entities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Endocrines: 2024)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Other

Jump to: Research, Review

7 pages, 1265 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Adult-Onset Case of Female Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism and Ataxia: Genetic Background

by Paola Chiarello, Giuseppe Seminara, Sabrina Bossio, Valentina Rocca, Emma Colao, Rodolfo Iuliano and Antonio Aversa

Endocrines 2024, 5(3), 334-340; https://doi.org/10.3390/endocrines5030024 - 5 Aug 2024

Viewed by 624

Abstract

Adult-onset cases of idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) are characterized by partial or normal puberty development until adolescence and by the impairment of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis in adulthood. WDR11 and DCC genes are known to be involved in axonal development, particularly of hypothalamic [...] Read more.

Adult-onset cases of idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) are characterized by partial or normal puberty development until adolescence and by the impairment of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis in adulthood. WDR11 and DCC genes are known to be involved in axonal development, particularly of hypothalamic GnRH neurons, and ciliogenesis. We report a female case of adult-onset hypogonadism and cerebellar ataxia, in which we identified two gene mutations. A panel of 48 genes was set up to search for variants in the causative genes of CHH. The variants found were analyzed following the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) criteria to define their pathogenicity. We identified a missense heterozygous variant in the WDR11 gene NM_018117.12:c.2306T>G (p.Met769Arg) and a mutation in a second gene DCC resulting in amino acid substitutions NM_005215.4:c.3533C>T (p.Ser1178Phe). These variants were classified as being of uncertain clinical significance. We assume that there is a link between the variants found and the impairment of the gonadotrophic and neurological phenotype of the patient. Therefore, we propose the genetic test to identify the best therapeutic approach to identify infertility in female patients with IHH; we believe it is necessary to test WDR11 and DCC genes in larger populations with the same condition to introduce it in future protocols of assessment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Endocrines: 2024)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

Feature Papers in Endocrines: 2024

Share This Special Issue

Special Issue Editors

Special Issue Information

Keywords

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

Published Papers (8 papers)

Research

Review

Other

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI