Leydig cells, located in the testis interstitial space, are the primary source of testosterone in males. Testosterone plays critical roles in both reproductive and metabolic functions and therefore is essential for male health. Steroidogenesis must b...
Introduction: Insulin resistance is a common condition affecting thousands of people worldwide. This paper aims to examine the mechanisms underlying insulin resistance among people suffering from obesity. Methods and Design: This study entailed ident...
GHRH regulates the secretion of GH from the anterior pituitary gland, previously associated with cancer progression and inflammation. An emerging body of evidence suggests that GHRHAnt support endothelial barrier function, but the mechanisms mediatin...
Background: Granulosa cells are somatic cells within the ovarian follicle. As the primary site of estradiol production, they are critical regulators of several aspects of female reproduction. This review aims to provide an overview of the physiology...
Corosolic acid (CA), a natural compound derived from the Banaba tree (Lagerstroemia speciosa), has attracted attention for its potential therapeutic properties in the management of metabolic diseases. This narrative review aims to summarize the curre...
Sex hormones and their receptors play a crucial role in human sexual dimorphism and have been traditionally associated with hormone-dependent cancers like breast, prostate, and endometrial cancer. However, recent research has broadened our understand...
Background: Plastic pollution driven by human activities has become a critical global issue for human health. A growing literature demonstrates that micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) contain endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and other harmful compou...
Background: Obesity constitutes a chronic, low-grade inflammatory status that predisposes people to the development of insulin resistance and cardiometabolic complications. Hypoxia, a main pathological feature of visceral fat in obese individuals, ha...
Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is a very rare endocrine cancer with aggressive behavior, a high metastatic potential, and a poor prognosis. Surgical resection of affected gland(s) and other involved structures is the elective therapy. Pre-operative and i...
Background/Objectives: There is a bidirectional relationship between major depressive disorder (MDD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), as MDD increases the risk of T2D by 38% to 67%, and T2D increases the risk of MDD by 15% to 33%. Many factors contribute t...
Diet has an impact on male reproductive potential, but few studies have focused on the specific impact of food groups or dietary patterns on fertility. Male reproductive health, as indicated by improved semen parameters and increased chances of conce...
Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is one of the leading non-communicable diseases of global concern. Knowing the exact mechanism of action of available antidiabetic agents, particularly natural products, may assist in providing effective therapeutic sol...
Background: Tirzepatide (TZP) is a once-weekly glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent-insulinotropic-polypeptide (GIP) receptor co-agonist approved for T2D. TZP provides promising evidence in improving glucose control and weight loss i...
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are synthetic or natural compounds that interfere with the endocrine system, inducing harmful effects on organisms depending on the dose and period of exposure. Numerous studies have identified concerning amounts...
Endocrine disruptors are molecules that can interfere with the proper functioning of the endocrine system and lead to harmful effects in living organisms. This review focuses on the impact of synthetic fragrances, which are commonly found in personal...
Insulin resistance (IR) is considered cardinal to the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Previously, several simple indexes of IR calculated from biochemical and anthropometric variables have been proposed. However, these indexes are popul...
Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors were once known as a class of glycemic-lowering agents to treat type 2 diabetes. As the evolving evidence from recent cardiorenal trials on these agents has shown—e.g., EMPA-REG OUTCOME, DECLAR...
Estradiol promotes neuronal growth, transmission, survival, myelinization, plasticity, synaptogenesis, and dendritic branching and it improves cognitive function. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tan...
Adenomyosis (ADM) is a multifaceted uterine pathology characterized by the ectopic infiltration of endometrial tissue into the myometrium, affecting approximately 20% of women in the reproductive age group seeking gynecological care. This condition m...
During pregnancy, the adipokines leptin and adiponectin can affect placental nutrient transport and inflammatory pathways, potentially leading to altered fetal growth and pregnancy complications including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and preec...
Prostate cancer represents the most common type of cancer among males and the second leading cause of cancer death in men in Western society. In most cases (~70%), PC has a slow and symptom-free growth, whereas it is more aggressive in the remaining...
The kidney is a vital organ that carries out significant metabolic functions in our body. Due to the complexity of its role, the kidney is also susceptible to many disease conditions, such as acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD)...
The thyroid–heart relationship has a long and articulated history of its own, a history that encompasses physiological and pathophysiological knowledge. In recent years, molecular biology studies, in an experimental context, have highlighted th...
Lipedema is a chronic disease of the subcutaneous adipose tissue that mostly affects women. The etiopathogenesis of the disease is still poorly understood. Lipedema typically develops after major hormonal changes, such as puberty, pregnancy, and meno...
Mangifera indica (Anacardiaceae family) is renowned for its diverse pharmacological properties, encompassing antidiabetic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. The present study delves into the insulin-releasing and glucose-lowering potential...
Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol with important anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties for treating cardiometabolic disorders. Therefore, the present meta-analysis aimed to review and investigate the oral resveratrol supplementation effects...
Adult-onset primary hypothyroidism is commonly caused by iatrogenic or autoimmune mechanisms; whether other factors might also contribute to adult hypothyroidism is unclear. Cellular Retinoic-Acid-Binding Protein 1 (CRABP1) is a mediator for Non-cano...
X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is a rare type of hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets. Patients with XLH have various symptoms that lower their QOL as defined by HAQ, RAPID3, SF36-PCS, and SF36-MCS in adult patients and SF-10 and PDCOI in pediatric p...
Primary amenorrhea (PA) describes the complete absence of menses by the age of 15 years. It is a devastating diagnosis that can affect the adolescent’s view of her femininity, sexuality, fertility and self-image. A normal menstrual cycle can oc...
Longitudinal growth and puberty are the result of a complex interaction of genetic, hormonal, nutritional, and environmental factors. Acne vulgaris is a chronic disease of the pilosebaceous unit that affects 85% of adolescents worldwide. Isotretinoin...
Introduction: The Krebs cycle is an important set of reactions that synthesize different molecules and substances that affect various organs. The objective of this paper was to compare the effects of Krebs cycle intermediates on the endocrine system...
Thyroid cancer is more aggressive in elderly patients due to biological causes related to age, histotype, and the advanced stage at diagnosis. In the elderly, both the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer impact quality of life. This review aime...
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a prevalent condition impacting approximately 14% of pregnancies globally, posing significant health risks to mother and child. This review explores the role of diet, physical activity (PA), and sedentary behavi...
Introduction: During the formation of neural circuits, the developing brain demonstrates extraordinary plasticity, heavily influenced by hormones. These chemical messengers interact with specific receptors to regulate vital physiological functions. T...
The etiological diagnosis of diabetes conveys many practical consequences for the care of patients, and often of their families. However, a wide heterogeneity in the phenotypes of all diabetes subtypes, including Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes, and...
Infertility caused by a thin endometrium remains a significant challenge in assisted reproduction and is often associated with a low success rate after treatment with assisted reproductive technology. There is a lack of consensus in the field concern...
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) and pheochromocytoma (PCC) are malignancies originating from distinct layers of the adrenal gland. ACCs arise from the adrenal cortex, are often detected at advanced stages and are associated with poor prognosis. PCCs a...
Social dysfunction plays a critical role in the development and maintenance of depression in both adolescents and adults. Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) and interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents (IPT-A) are effective, evidence-base...
Objectives: This study investigated the effects of the menstrual cycle phases on cortisol levels before and after a maximal incremental exercise test in women with and without premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Methods: Nineteen healthy, active and eumenor...
The endocrine system relies on complex cell signaling and epigenetic processes to adjust to the body’s needs. However, stressors such as climate change and heat can disrupt the endocrine system. This study aims to collect and systematically rev...
Background: This paper briefly reviews the most important endocrine features of primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) and shows their relevance for the diagnosis and treatment of this condition. Introduction: Endocrine disturbances in POI cause problem...
This study investigated the impact of intensive endurance exercise on circulating androgenic steroid hormones in women. Fifteen normally menstruating athletic women participated. They completed intensive endurance exercise (treadmill running) until v...
Background: T1D is a severe metabolic disorder due to selective autoimmune pancreatic islet β-cell killing, which results in complete abrogation of endogenous insulin secretion. The affected patients, once the disease is clinically overt, must i...
A balanced diet and regular physical activity are essential for maintaining musculoskeletal health. Key nutrients such as calcium, vitamin D, and protein are especially important for preventing falls and fractures. While the benefits of these nutrien...
Background/Objectives: Anthropometric indices based on height (H), weight (W), waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference (HC) can identify incident and future health risks. While BMI provides a standard for relative W (adjusted for H), there is...
Specific critical functions of endocrine and immune cells ensure that an individual remains healthy and free from infection. This study aimed to explore immune–endocrine associations involved in disease. Methods: The PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Sc...
Phosphorus is essential for all living organisms. It plays an important role in maintaining biological functions, such as energy metabolism, cell membrane formation, and bone mineralization. Various factors in the intestine, kidneys, and bones regula...
The prevalence of diabetes is rising globally; currently, 537 million people worldwide and 37.3 million people in the US are affected. Patients with diabetes have a four-times-greater risk of hospitalization with longer hospital stays and a greater c...
Background: The prevalence of thyroid disease has seen a rapid increase in recent times, primarily attributed to the fast pace of lifestyles that often result in poor dietary choices, work-life imbalances, social stress, genetic mutations, and improv...
The androgen receptor (AR) is expressed in many cell types, and its related signaling is widely investigated in hormone-dependent cancers such as prostate and breast. The significance of the AR, however, has been detected even in other cancers, inclu...
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