Carbon Capture Science & Technology (CCST)

Journal Name	Impact Factor	CiteScore	Launched Year	First Decision (median)	APC
Energies energies	3.0	6.2	2008	16.8 Days	CHF 2600
Molecules molecules	4.2	7.4	1996	15.1 Days	CHF 2700
Nanomaterials nanomaterials	4.4	8.5	2010	14.1 Days	CHF 2400
Separations separations	2.5	3.0	2014	15.1 Days	CHF 2600
Sustainability sustainability	3.3	6.8	2009	19.7 Days	CHF 2400

16 pages, 789 KiB

Open AccessReview

Systematic Review of Solubility, Thickening Properties and Mechanisms of Thickener for Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

by Xiaohui Wang, Qihong Zhang, Shiwei Liang and Songqing Zhao

Nanomaterials 2024, 14(12), 996; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14120996 - 7 Jun 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1722

Supercritical carbon dioxide (CO₂) has extremely important applications in the extraction of unconventional oil and gas, especially in fracturing and enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technologies. It can not only relieve water resource wastage and environmental pollution caused by traditional mining methods, [...] Read more.

Supercritical carbon dioxide (CO₂) has extremely important applications in the extraction of unconventional oil and gas, especially in fracturing and enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technologies. It can not only relieve water resource wastage and environmental pollution caused by traditional mining methods, but also effectively store CO₂ and mitigate the greenhouse effect. However, the low viscosity nature of supercritical CO₂ gives rise to challenges such as viscosity fingering, limited sand–carrying capacity, high filtration loss, low oil and gas recovery efficiency, and potential rock adsorption. To overcome these challenges, low–rock–adsorption thickeners are required to enhance the viscosity of supercritical CO₂. Through research into the literature, this article reviews the solubility and thickening characteristics of four types of polymer thickeners, namely surfactants, hydrocarbons, fluorinated polymers, and silicone polymers in supercritical CO₂. The thickening mechanisms of polymer thickeners were also analyzed, including intermolecular interactions, LA–LB interactions, hydrogen bonding, and functionalized polymers, and so on. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Carbon Capture Science & Technology (CCST))

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11 pages, 1679 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Molecular Dynamics Simulation on Thickening and Solubility Properties of Novel Thickener in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

by Xiaohui Wang, Shiwei Liang, Qihong Zhang, Tianjiao Wang and Xiao Zhang

Molecules 2024, 29(11), 2529; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29112529 - 27 May 2024

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1287

Abstract

Supercritical CO₂ has wide application in enhancing oil recovery, but the low viscosity of liquid CO₂ can lead to issues such as poor proppant-carrying ability and high filtration loss. Therefore, the addition of thickening agents to CO₂ is vital. Hydrocarbon [...] Read more.

Supercritical CO₂ has wide application in enhancing oil recovery, but the low viscosity of liquid CO₂ can lead to issues such as poor proppant-carrying ability and high filtration loss. Therefore, the addition of thickening agents to CO₂ is vital. Hydrocarbon polymers, as a class of green and sustainable materials, hold tremendous potential for acting as thickeners in supercritical CO₂ systems, and PVAc is one of the best-performing hydrocarbon thickeners. To further improve the viscosity enhancement and solubility of PVAc, here we designed a novel polymer structure, PVAO, by introducing CO₂-affine functional groups to PVAc. Molecular dynamics simulations were adopted to analyze viscosity and relevant solubility parameters systematically. We found that PVAO exhibits superior performance, with a viscosity enhancement of 1.5 times that of PVAc in supercritical CO₂. While in the meantime, PVAO maintains better solubility characteristics than PVAc. Our findings offer insights for the future design of other high-performance polymers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Carbon Capture Science & Technology (CCST))

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20 pages, 3162 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of CO₂/H₂O Co-Adsorption Models for the Anion Exchange Resin Lewatit VPOC 1065 under Direct Air Capture Conditions Using a Novel Lab Setup

by Florian M. Chimani, Aditya Anil Bhandari, Andreas Wallmüller, Gerhard Schöny, Stefan Müller and Josef Fuchs

Separations 2024, 11(6), 160; https://doi.org/10.3390/separations11060160 - 22 May 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3106

Abstract

This study aimed to develop a laboratory-scale direct air capture unit for evaluating and comparing amine-based adsorbents under temperature vacuum swing adsorption conditions. The experimental campaign conducted with the direct air capture unit allowed for the determination of equilibrium loading, CO₂ uptake [...] Read more.

This study aimed to develop a laboratory-scale direct air capture unit for evaluating and comparing amine-based adsorbents under temperature vacuum swing adsorption conditions. The experimental campaign conducted with the direct air capture unit allowed for the determination of equilibrium loading, CO₂ uptake capacity, and other main performance parameters of the investigated adsorbent Lewatit VP OC 1065^®. The investigations also helped to understand the co-adsorption of CO₂ and H₂O on the tested material, which is crucial for improving temperature vacuum swing adsorption processes. This was achieved by obtaining pure component isotherms for CO₂ and H₂O and using three different co-adsorption isotherm models from the literature. It was found that the weighted average dual-site Toth model emerged as the most accurate and reliable model for simulating this co-adsorption behaviour. Its predictions closely align with the experimental data, particularly in capturing the adsorption equilibrium at various temperatures. It was also observed that this lab-scale unit offers advantages over thermogravimetric analysis when conducting adsorption experiments on the chosen amine. The final aim of this study is to provide a pathway to develop devices for testing and developing efficient and cost-effective adsorbents for direct air capture. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Carbon Capture Science & Technology (CCST))

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21 pages, 10762 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Investigation on YSZ- and SiO₂-Doped Mn-Fe Oxide Granules Based on Drop Technique for Thermochemical Energy Storage

by Yan Ma, Kai Wang, Sikai Liang, Zhongqing Li, Zhiyuan Wang and Jun Shen

Molecules 2024, 29(9), 1946; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29091946 - 24 Apr 2024

Viewed by 1265

Abstract

The Mn-Fe oxide material possesses the advantages of abundant availability, low cost, and non-toxicity as an energy storage material, particularly addressing the limitation of sluggish reoxidation kinetics observed in pure manganese oxide. However, scaling up the thermal energy storage (TCES) system poses challenges [...] Read more.

The Mn-Fe oxide material possesses the advantages of abundant availability, low cost, and non-toxicity as an energy storage material, particularly addressing the limitation of sluggish reoxidation kinetics observed in pure manganese oxide. However, scaling up the thermal energy storage (TCES) system poses challenges to the stability of the reactivities and mechanical strength of materials over long-term cycles, necessitating their resolution. In this study, Mn-Fe granules were fabricated with a diameter of approximately 2 mm using the feasible and scalable drop technique, and the effects of Y₂O₃-stabilized ZrO₂ (YSZ) and SiO₂ doping, at various doping ratios ranging from 1–20 wt%, were investigated on both the anti-sintering behavior and mechanical strength. In a thermal gravimetric analyzer, the redox reaction tests showed that both the dopants led to an enhancement in the reoxidation rates when the doping ratios were in an appropriate range, while they also brought about a decrease in the reduction rate and energy storage density. In a packed-bed reactor, the results of five consecutive redox tests showed a similar pattern to that in a thermal gravimetric analyzer. Additionally, the doping led to the stable reduction/oxidation reaction rates during the cyclic tests. In the subsequent 120 cyclic tests, the Si-doped granules exhibited volume expansion with a decreased crushing strength, whereas the YSZ-doped granules experienced drastic shrinkage with an increase in the crushing strength. The 1 wt% Si and 2 wt% Si presented the best synthetic performance, which resulted from the milder sintering effects during the long-term cyclic tests. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Carbon Capture Science & Technology (CCST))

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19 pages, 3996 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Air-Purge Regenerative Direct Air Capture Using an Externally Heated and Cooled Temperature-Swing Adsorber Packed with Solid Amine

by Heak Vannak, Yugo Osaka, Takuya Tsujiguchi and Akio Kodama

Separations 2023, 10(7), 415; https://doi.org/10.3390/separations10070415 - 21 Jul 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2751

Abstract

CO₂ capture from air is crucial in achieving negative emissions. Based on conventional or newly developed high-enriching processes, we investigated the rough enrichment of CO₂ from air via an externally heated or cooled adsorber (temperature-swing adsorption, TSA), along with air purge [...] Read more.

CO₂ capture from air is crucial in achieving negative emissions. Based on conventional or newly developed high-enriching processes, we investigated the rough enrichment of CO₂ from air via an externally heated or cooled adsorber (temperature-swing adsorption, TSA), along with air purge using double-pipe heat exchangers packed with low-volatility polyamine-loaded silica. A simple adsorption–desorption cycle was attempted in a TSA experiment, by varying the temperature from 20 °C to 60 °C using moist air, yielding an average CO₂ concentration of product gas that was ~17 times higher than the feed air, but the CO₂ recovery rate was poor. A double-step adsorption process was applied to increase CO₂ adsorption and recovery simultaneously. In this process, substantial-CO₂-concentration gas was used as the product gas, and the remaining gas was used as the reflux feed gas for adsorber. This method can provide a product gas with ~100 times higher CO₂ concentration than raw gas, with a recovery ratio ~60% under the shortest adsorption/desorption time and the longest refluxing time of cycle operation. Therefore, the refluxing step significantly helped to enhance CO₂ capture via adsorption from elevated-CO₂-concentration recirculating gas. With this CO₂ concentration, the product gas can serve as the CO₂ supplement for the growing plant processes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Carbon Capture Science & Technology (CCST))

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14 pages, 3460 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Modeling of Nitrogen Removal from Natural Gas in Rotating Packed Bed Using Artificial Neural Networks

by Amiza Surmi, Azmi Mohd Shariff and Serene Sow Mun Lock

Molecules 2023, 28(14), 5333; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28145333 - 11 Jul 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1707

Abstract

Novel or unconventional technologies are critical to providing cost-competitive natural gas supplies to meet rising demands and provide more opportunities to develop low-quality gas fields with high contaminants, including high carbon dioxide (CO₂) fields. High nitrogen concentrations that reduce the heating [...] Read more.

Novel or unconventional technologies are critical to providing cost-competitive natural gas supplies to meet rising demands and provide more opportunities to develop low-quality gas fields with high contaminants, including high carbon dioxide (CO₂) fields. High nitrogen concentrations that reduce the heating value of gaseous products are typically associated with high CO₂ fields. Consequently, removing nitrogen is essential for meeting customers’ requirements. The intensification approach with a rotating packed bed (RPB) demonstrated considerable potential to remove nitrogen from natural gas under cryogenic conditions. Moreover, the process significantly reduces the equipment size compared to the conventional distillation column, thus making it more economical. The prediction model developed in this study employed artificial neural networks (ANN) based on data from in-house experiments due to a lack of available data. The ANN model is preferred as it offers easy processing of large amounts of data, even for more complex processes, compared to developing the first principal mathematical model, which requires numerous assumptions and might be associated with lumped components in the kinetic model. Backpropagation algorithms for ANN Lavenberg–Marquardt (LM), scaled conjugate gradient (SCG), and Bayesian regularisation (BR) were also utilised. Resultantly, the LM produced the best model for predicting nitrogen removal from natural gas compared to other ANN models with a layer size of nine, with a 99.56% regression (R²) and 0.0128 mean standard error (MSE). Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Carbon Capture Science & Technology (CCST))

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15 pages, 4184 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Steam on Carbonation of CaO in Ca-Looping

by Ruzhan Bai, Na Li, Quansheng Liu, Shenna Chen, Qi Liu and Xing Zhou

Molecules 2023, 28(13), 4910; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28134910 - 22 Jun 2023

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2098

Abstract

Ca-looping is an effective way to capture CO₂ from coal-fired power plants. However, there are still issues that require further study. One of these issues is the effect of steam on the Ca-looping process. In this paper, a self-madethermogravimetric analyzer that can [...] Read more.

Ca-looping is an effective way to capture CO₂ from coal-fired power plants. However, there are still issues that require further study. One of these issues is the effect of steam on the Ca-looping process. In this paper, a self-madethermogravimetric analyzer that can achieve rapid heating and cooling is used to measure the change of sample weight under constant temperature conditions. The parameters of the Ca-looping are studied in detail, including the addition of water vapor alone in the calcination or carbonation stage and the calcination/carbonation reaction temperatures for both calcination and carbonation stages with water vapor. Steam has a positive overall effect on CO₂ capture in the Ca-looping process. When steam is present in both calcination and carbonation processes, it increases the decomposition rate of CaCO₃ and enhances the subsequent carbonation conversion of CaO. However, when steam was present only in the calcination process, there was lower CaO carbonation conversion in the following carbonation process. In contrast, when steam was present in the carbonation stage, CO₂ capture was improved. Sample characterizations after the reaction showed that although water vapor had a negative effect on the pore structure, adding water vapor increased the diffusion coefficient of CO₂ and the carbonation conversion rate of CaO. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Carbon Capture Science & Technology (CCST))

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12 pages, 2705 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Microbial Preparations Combined with Humic Substances Improve the Quality of Tree Planting Material Needed for Reforestation to Increase Carbon Sequestration

by Aleksey Nazarov, Sergey Chetverikov, Darya Chetverikova, Iren Tuktarova, Ruslan Ivanov, Ruslan Urazgildin, Ivan Garankov and Guzel Kudoyarova

Sustainability 2023, 15(9), 7709; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097709 - 8 May 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1903

Abstract

Restoring forests in areas where they once stood is an important step towards increasing carbon sequestration. However, reforestation requires an increase in current levels of seedling production in the tree nurseries. The purpose of this work was to study the effectiveness of preparations [...] Read more.

Restoring forests in areas where they once stood is an important step towards increasing carbon sequestration. However, reforestation requires an increase in current levels of seedling production in the tree nurseries. The purpose of this work was to study the effectiveness of preparations based on bacteria and humic substances (HSs) to stimulate the growth of tree seedlings in a nursery. Two selected strains of Pseudomonas and humic substances were used to treat pine and poplar plants. The treatment of seedlings was carried out during their transplantation and after it, and the effects of treatment on shoot elongation, shoot and root mass were evaluated. Treatments with both bacterial strains enhanced the growth of poplar and pine shoots and roots, which was explained by their ability to synthesize auxins. P. protegens DA1.2 proved to be more effective than P. sp. 4CH. The treatment of plants with humic substances increased the nitrogen balance index and the content of chlorophyll in the leaves of poplar seedlings, which can elevate carbon storage due to the higher rate of photosynthesis. In addition, the combination of humic substances with P. protegens DA1.2 increased shoot biomass accumulation in newly transplanted pine plants, which indicates the possibility of using this combination in plant transplantation. The increase in length and weight of shoots and roots serves as an indicator of the improvement in the quality of planting material, which is necessary for successful reforestation to increase capture of carbon dioxide. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Carbon Capture Science & Technology (CCST))

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24 pages, 22866 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceReview

A Systematic Review of Syngas Bioconversion to Value-Added Products from 2012 to 2022

by Marta Pacheco, Patrícia Moura and Carla Silva

Energies 2023, 16(7), 3241; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16073241 - 4 Apr 2023

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 5455

Abstract

Synthesis gas (syngas) fermentation is a biological carbon fixation process through which carboxydotrophic acetogenic bacteria convert CO, CO₂, and H₂ into platform chemicals. To obtain an accurate overview of the syngas fermentation research and innovation from 2012 to 2022, a [...] Read more.

Synthesis gas (syngas) fermentation is a biological carbon fixation process through which carboxydotrophic acetogenic bacteria convert CO, CO₂, and H₂ into platform chemicals. To obtain an accurate overview of the syngas fermentation research and innovation from 2012 to 2022, a systematic search was performed on Web of Science and The Lens, focusing on academic publications and patents that were published or granted during this period. Overall, the research focus was centered on process optimization, the genetic manipulation of microorganisms, and bioreactor design, in order to increase the plethora of fermentation products and expand their possible applications. Most of the published research was initially funded and developed in the United States of America. However, over the years, European countries have become the major contributors to syngas fermentation research, followed by China. Syngas fermentation seems to be developing at “two-speeds”, with a small number of companies controlling the technology that is needed for large-scale applications, while academia still focuses on low technology readiness level (TRL) research. This systematic review also showed that the fermentation of raw syngas, the effects of syngas impurities on acetogen viability and product distribution, and the process integration of gasification and fermentation are currently underdeveloped research topics, in which an investment is needed to achieve technological breakthroughs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Carbon Capture Science & Technology (CCST))

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26 pages, 3216 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Carbon Tax or Low-Carbon Subsidy? Carbon Reduction Policy Options under CCUS Investment

by Qian Zhang, Yunjia Wang and Lu Liu

Sustainability 2023, 15(6), 5301; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15065301 - 16 Mar 2023

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3576

Abstract

Great expectations are placed in carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality. Governments adopt carbon tax policies to discourage manufacturing that is not eco-friendly, and subsidies to encourage low-carbon production methods. This research investigates which carbon [...] Read more.

Great expectations are placed in carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality. Governments adopt carbon tax policies to discourage manufacturing that is not eco-friendly, and subsidies to encourage low-carbon production methods. This research investigates which carbon reduction incentive policy is more viable for the supply chain under CCUS application. The most significant finding is that carbon tax and low-carbon subsidy policies are applicable to high-pollution and low-pollution supply chains with the goal of maximizing social welfare. Both policies play a significant role in reducing carbon emissions. However, it is very important for the government to set reasonable policy parameters. Specifically, carbon tax and low-carbon subsidy values should be set in the intermediate level rather than being too large or too small to achieve higher social welfare. We also find that the higher the value of carbon dioxide (CO₂) in CCUS projects, the higher the economic performance and social welfare, but the lower the environmental efficiency. Governments should properly regulate the value of CO₂ after weighing economic performance, environmental efficiency and social welfare. The findings yield useful insights into the industry-wise design of carbon emission reduction policies for CCUS and similar projects. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Carbon Capture Science & Technology (CCST))

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17 pages, 5458 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Expansion of Geological CO₂ Storage Capacity in a Closed Aquifer by Simultaneous Brine Production with CO₂ Injection

by Seungpil Jung

Sustainability 2023, 15(4), 3499; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15043499 - 14 Feb 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3261

Abstract

Structural trapping is the primary mechanism for intensive CO₂ sequestration in saline aquifers. This is the foundation for increasing global CO₂ storage; gradual switch to preferable trapping mechanisms, such as residual saturation, dissolution, and mineral trapping, will require a long-time scale. [...] Read more.

Structural trapping is the primary mechanism for intensive CO₂ sequestration in saline aquifers. This is the foundation for increasing global CO₂ storage; gradual switch to preferable trapping mechanisms, such as residual saturation, dissolution, and mineral trapping, will require a long-time scale. The major constraints limiting the storage capacity of structural trapping are formation pressure and structure size. Over-pressure owing to CO₂ injection causes a disruption of seal integrity indicating a failure in geological sequestration. The other constraint on storage capacity is a spill point determining geological storage volume. Overflowing CO₂, after filling the storage volume, migrates upward along the aquifer geometry with buoyancy. This study proposes a methodology to maximize CO₂ storage capacity of a geological site with a substructure created by an interbedded calcareous layer below spill point. This study provides various conceptual schemes, i.e., no brine production, simultaneous brine production and pre-injection brine production, for geological CO₂ storage. By the comparative analysis, location of brine producer, production rate, and distance between injector and producer are optimized. Therefore, the proposed scheme can enhance CO₂ storage capacity by 68% beyond the pressure and migration limits by steering CO₂ plume and managing formation pressure. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Carbon Capture Science & Technology (CCST))

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4 pages, 208 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

An Overview of Advances in CO₂ Capture Technologies

by José Ramón Fernández

Energies 2023, 16(3), 1413; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16031413 - 1 Feb 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2405

Abstract

CO₂ emissions generated by human activities reached the highest ever annual level of 36 [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Carbon Capture Science & Technology (CCST))

16 pages, 297 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Technological Innovation Efficiency of Listed Carbon Capture Companies in China: Based on the Dual Dimensions of Legal Policy and Technology

by Xiaofeng Xu, Dongdong He, Tao Wang, Xiangyu Chen and Yichen Zhou

Energies 2023, 16(3), 1118; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16031118 - 19 Jan 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2237

Abstract

To achieve carbon neutrality and improve emission reduction efficiency, capturing carbon dioxide from the air on a large scale and promoting the application and innovation of carbon capture technology (CCUS) are the most important goals. This study undertakes an annual and comprehensive evaluation [...] Read more.

To achieve carbon neutrality and improve emission reduction efficiency, capturing carbon dioxide from the air on a large scale and promoting the application and innovation of carbon capture technology (CCUS) are the most important goals. This study undertakes an annual and comprehensive evaluation of the policy and the technological innovation efficiency (TIE) of 10 listed companies in China using the DEA model and the Malmquist index analysis method. The number of relevant laws and policies is significant, but they are not well coordinated. The static evaluation results indicate that the complete factor production rate is low, generally lower than 0.9, and the technical innovation efficiency is weak, mainly because of technological backwardness. The dynamic evaluation results indicate that the changes in total factor productivity (TFP) each year are primarily affected by changes in technological progress. This suggests that most domestic enterprises are still exploring technological innovation (TI) and operational business models. Finally, this study proposes measures to improve the TIE of carbon capture technology enterprises in China, including giving full play to the role of the government, expanding effective investment, and improving innovational ability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Carbon Capture Science & Technology (CCST))

24 pages, 579 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Does Environmental Regulation Promote Corporate Green Innovation? Empirical Evidence from Chinese Carbon Capture Companies

by Hong Chen, Haowen Zhu, Tianchen Sun, Xiangyu Chen, Tao Wang and Wenhong Li

Sustainability 2023, 15(2), 1640; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021640 - 14 Jan 2023

Cited by 20 | Viewed by 4554

Abstract

The proposal of the “double carbon” goal of “carbon peak, carbon neutralization” highlights the determination of China’s green and low-carbon development. Carbon capture is one of the essential ways to reduce carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions and cope with climate change. Then, [...] Read more.

The proposal of the “double carbon” goal of “carbon peak, carbon neutralization” highlights the determination of China’s green and low-carbon development. Carbon capture is one of the essential ways to reduce carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions and cope with climate change. Then, how to improve the green innovation capability of organizations and promote the transformation and upgrading of enterprises with green development is a practical problem that needs to be dealt with quickly. This paper uses multiple linear regression to investigate the impact of environmental regulation on corporate green innovation and explores the mediating effect of corporate environmental investment and the moderating effect of corporate digital transformation. The analysis results show that government environmental regulation can effectively enhance the green innovation of enterprises and environmental investments play an intermediary role. However, the development of environmental regulation in China is still relatively backward, and its positive incentive role needs to be further played. As a result, the government should strengthen environmental legislation while also accelerating system development, increasing corporate investment in environmental protection, and raising protection awareness among companies using digital network technology. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Carbon Capture Science & Technology (CCST))

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13 pages, 1727 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Carbon Dioxide Adsorption over Activated Carbons Produced from Molasses Using H₂SO₄, H₃PO₄, HCl, NaOH, and KOH as Activating Agents

by Karolina Kiełbasa, Şahin Bayar, Esin Apaydin Varol, Joanna Sreńscek-Nazzal, Monika Bosacka, Piotr Miądlicki, Jarosław Serafin, Rafał J. Wróbel and Beata Michalkiewicz

Molecules 2022, 27(21), 7467; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27217467 - 2 Nov 2022

Cited by 32 | Viewed by 3583

Abstract

Cost-effective activated carbons for CO₂ adsorption were developed from molasses using H₂SO₄, H₃PO₄, HCl, NaOH, and KOH as activating agents. At the temperature of 0 °C and a pressure of 1 bar, CO₂ [...] Read more.

Cost-effective activated carbons for CO₂ adsorption were developed from molasses using H₂SO₄, H₃PO₄, HCl, NaOH, and KOH as activating agents. At the temperature of 0 °C and a pressure of 1 bar, CO₂ adsorption equal to 5.18 mmol/g was achieved over activated carbon obtained by KOH activation. The excellent CO₂ adsorption of M-KOH can be attributed to its high microporosity. However, activated carbon prepared using HCl showed quite high CO₂ adsorption while having very low microporosity. The absence of acid species on the surface promotes CO₂ adsorption over M-HCl. The pore size ranges that are important for CO₂ adsorption at different temperatures were estimated. The higher the adsorption temperature, the more crucial smaller pores were. For 1 bar pressure and temperatures of 0, 10, 20, and 30 °C, the most important were pores equal and below: 0.733, 0.733, 0.679, and 0.536 nm, respectively. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Carbon Capture Science & Technology (CCST))

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