Diagnosis and Treatment of Dental Diseases and Tempromandibular Joints

Topic Information

Dear Colleagues,

Contemporary diagnostic imaging plays an important role both in the emergency management of painful lesions and treatment process of the orofacial region. In this field, dental diseases must be mentioned as a source of the most common medical issues where dental-focused X-rays are most commonly used. Panoramic X-rays are an extension of the aforementioned techniques where surrounding bone including temporomandibular joints can be assessed. Micro computed tomography (micro CT) is a modality with a slightly higher ionizing radiation dose but with excellent spatial resolution that is useful in the assessment of tissue adjacent to the tooth and innermost tooth structure. Another frequent causative factor of pain in the orofacial region is morbidities or dysfunction of temporomandibular joints. The diagnostic process in this case relies on clinical examination with the aid of ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance (MR). US is excellent in dynamic real time assessment of TMJ function that can be diagnostically supported by MR if the analysis of metabolic process-related changes is needed. In this Special Issue, we would like connect the knowledge of diagnostic imaging professionals including radiologists with dental professionals and specialists in the field of orthodontics with a special focus on dental problems and temporomandibular joints diseases. We also want to emphasize our interest in artificial intelligence, which is bridging the advances of modern technology with medicine in order to help medical professionals in diagnostic and treatment processes. We believe that the scientific discussion in our Special Issue will be a source of knowledge for professionals of various medical disciplines focused on scientific development with benefits for the patient.

Dr. Rafał Obuchowicz
Prof. Dr. Małgorzata Pihut
Dr. Karolina Nurzynska
Prof. Dr. Andrzej Urbanik
Topic Editors

Keywords

Participating Journals

Journal Name	Impact Factor	CiteScore	Launched Year	First Decision (median)	APC
Applied Sciences applsci	2.5	5.3	2011	17.8 Days	CHF 2400	Submit
Dentistry Journal dentistry	2.5	3.7	2013	26 Days	CHF 2000	Submit
Journal of Clinical Medicine jcm	3.0	5.7	2012	17.3 Days	CHF 2600	Submit
Journal of Functional Biomaterials jfb	5.0	4.6	2010	15.8 Days	CHF 2700	Submit
Medicina medicina	2.4	3.3	1920	17.8 Days	CHF 2200	Submit

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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18 pages, 519 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Arthroscopic Assessment of Temporomandibular Joint Pathologies—Is It Possible for Non-Specialists in Arthroscopy? Analysis of Variability and Reliability of Dental Students’ Ratings after a Comprehensive One-Semester Introduction

by Lennard-Luca Brüning, Yannick Rösner, Axel Meisgeier and Andreas Neff

J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(14), 3995; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13143995 - 9 Jul 2024

Viewed by 275

Abstract

Background: Arthroscopy of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) plays a long-established role in the diagnostics and therapy of patients suffering from arthrogenic temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), which do not respond adequately to conservative/non-invasive therapy. However, the interpretation of arthroscopic findings remains challenging. This study [...] Read more.

Background: Arthroscopy of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) plays a long-established role in the diagnostics and therapy of patients suffering from arthrogenic temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), which do not respond adequately to conservative/non-invasive therapy. However, the interpretation of arthroscopic findings remains challenging. This study investigates the reliability and variability of assessing arthroscopic views of pathologies in patients with TMDs by non-specialists in arthroscopy and whether a standardized assessment tool may improve correctness. Methods: Following a comprehensive one-semester lecture, dental students in the clinical stage of education were asked to rate 25 arthroscopic views (freeze images and corresponding video clips) regarding the severity of synovitis, adhesions, and degenerative changes on a scale of 0–10 (T1). The results were compared to ratings stated by two European-board-qualified academic OMF surgeons. In a second round (T2), the students were asked to repeat the ratings using a 10-point rating scheme. Results: With regard to all three subcategories, congruency with the surgeons’ results at T1 was at a low level (p < 0.05 in 19/75 cases) and even decreased at T2 after the implementation of the TMDs-SevS (p < 0.05 in 38/75 cases). For both T1 and T2, therefore, the inter-rater agreement was at a low level, showing only a slight agreement for all three subcategories (Fleiss’ Kappa (κ) between 0.014 and 0.099). Conclusions: The judgement of the arthroscopic pathologies of the TMJ remains an area of temporomandibular surgery that requires wide experience and training in TMDs to achieve expertise in TMJ arthroscopic assessments, which cannot be transferred by theoretical instruction alone. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Diagnosis and Treatment of Dental Diseases and Tempromandibular Joints)

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9 pages, 214 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Demographic and Radiographic Characteristics Associated with the Occurrence of Impacted Third Molars in Indonesian Patients: A Retrospective Study

by Indra Hadikrishna, Melita Sylvyana, Madhuri Pattamatta, Folli Mulyawati and Tantry Maulina

Dent. J. 2024, 12(7), 210; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12070210 (registering DOI) - 9 Jul 2024

Viewed by 234

Abstract

An impacted third molar is one of the most common abnormalities of the tooth position, impacting patients and their quality of life. Based on the impact and the invasive removal procedure, this study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of impacted third molars based [...] Read more.

An impacted third molar is one of the most common abnormalities of the tooth position, impacting patients and their quality of life. Based on the impact and the invasive removal procedure, this study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of impacted third molars based on their radiographic features as well as their association with demographic characteristics. Outpatient dental records of the oral and maxillofacial surgery department of Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia, from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2019, were sorted, and relevant clinical and demographic data and panoramic radiographic examination results were extracted from these records. All data were then tabulated and analyzed by using SPSS version 29. As many as 3019 impacted third molars were identified. Our findings suggested the association between age to the occurrence of impacted third molars where patients aged between 17 and 29 years old showed high occurrences of impacted third molars. Male patients with impacted third molars are more likely to have multiple impacted third molars, while this risk decreases in females. Radiographic examination showed that the mesioangular position is the most common position for mandibular third molars. The variation in high occurrences of the impacted third molar is associated with several demographic factors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Diagnosis and Treatment of Dental Diseases and Tempromandibular Joints)

11 pages, 1059 KiB  

Open AccessCase Report

Bruxism in a Child with Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome)—Case Report

by Lena Sobiech, Izabela Dąbkowska, Wojciech Bekiesz, Karolina Turżańska, Tomasz Blicharski and Katarzyna Sarna-Boś

J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(13), 3679; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13133679 - 24 Jun 2024

Viewed by 338

Abstract

Bruxism has been defined in recent years and analyzed in detail as the repetitive activity of the muscles of the masticatory system. Both adults and children experience two different forms of bruxism: daytime and nighttime bruxism. According to the WHO, bruxism affects 5% [...] Read more.

Bruxism has been defined in recent years and analyzed in detail as the repetitive activity of the muscles of the masticatory system. Both adults and children experience two different forms of bruxism: daytime and nighttime bruxism. According to the WHO, bruxism affects 5% to 50% of the world’s pediatric population. The symptoms of this disease include tooth wear and fractures, temporomandibular disorders, headaches, behavioral and sleep disorders, and parafunctional habits such as nail biting. According to scientists, psychosocial factors are the most likely factors causing bruxism in children. To this day, we do not have established standards of treatment for children, especially for those with disabilities. The issue of bruxism in children with Down syndrome (DS) is still unexplained. Anatomical abnormalities in the facial skeleton, reduced muscle tone, personality traits, and sleep problems in these people may cause the symptoms of bruxism. Our study aimed to present a clinical case of a 13-year-old girl with DS and symptoms of bruxism. Diagnostics and dental examination in children with intellectual disabilities and a lack of understanding of the disease create a great challenge for the treatment team, including the dentist, physiotherapist, psychologist, and family. Creating standards for treating and preventing bruxism symptoms is demanding, among other things, due to the lack of sufficient scientific research. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Diagnosis and Treatment of Dental Diseases and Tempromandibular Joints)

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15 pages, 295 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Occurrence of Cervical Spine Pain and Its Intensity in Young People with Temporomandibular Disorders

by Martyna Odzimek and Waldemar Brola

J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(7), 1941; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13071941 - 27 Mar 2024

Viewed by 676

Abstract

Background: The main aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare the occurrence and severity of cervical spine pain in young adults diagnosed with TMDs with a healthy control group (without TMDs). Methods: The study was conducted from June to July [...] Read more.

Background: The main aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare the occurrence and severity of cervical spine pain in young adults diagnosed with TMDs with a healthy control group (without TMDs). Methods: The study was conducted from June to July 2023. Inclusion criteria were age (18–30 years), cervical spine pain (for at least 1 month), and consent to participate in the study. The study was conducted based on RDC/TMD protocol, an original questionnaire, and a physiotherapeutic examination focused on detecting TMDs. The cervical pain level was assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Thus, a total of 95 subjects were registered for the trials, 51 people (53.7%) constituted the control group (without TMDs), while 44 (46.3%) people constituted the study group (with TMDs). Results: The mean age of people participating in the study was 22.2 ± 2.2 years in the study group and 22.5 ± 3.1 years in the control group. The largest group was people aged 21–25 (n = 51 people, 53.7%). Patients from the study group more often experienced pain in the stomatognathic system during palpation (both in the muscle, joint, and musculoskeletal groups) and had reduced mobility of the temporomandibular joints in every movement (p < 0.001). People from the study group were also characterized by less mobility of the cervical spine (p < 0.05), apart from extension movement (p > 0.05). The analysis showed that of the 95 people participating in the study, 85.4% reported problems in the cervical spine area (n = 81), of which almost all people in the study group struggled with this problem (n = 43, 97.7%). It was found that cervical spine pain was significantly more common in people with TMDs (p < 0.05, chi² = 10.118, df = 1, r_c = 0.31). The level of pain was significantly higher in people from the study group (p < 0.001, chi² = 45.765, df = 4, r_c = 0.57). Conclusions: Our research has shown that the occurrence of cervical spine pain is more common in the group of young people with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). In young people, this problem is rarely recognized and properly treated. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Diagnosis and Treatment of Dental Diseases and Tempromandibular Joints)

14 pages, 835 KiB  

Open AccessReview

Prevalence of Trichomonas tenax in the Population Affected by Periodontal Disease—A Review

by Stoyan Stoyanov, Oskan Tasinov, Tsonka Dimitrova and Galina Yaneva

Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(6), 2666; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14062666 - 21 Mar 2024

Viewed by 979

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Trichomonas tenax is a protozoan which participates in the human oral microflora. It is considered as a potential paradontopathogen. This microorganism is also reported in the respiratory tract. We aimed to analyze the available literature about the prevalence of Trichomonas [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Trichomonas tenax is a protozoan which participates in the human oral microflora. It is considered as a potential paradontopathogen. This microorganism is also reported in the respiratory tract. We aimed to analyze the available literature about the prevalence of Trichomonas tenax in the population affected by periodontal disease. Materials and Methods: Searching the Scopus, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases with the keywords: “Trichomonas tenax” and “periodontal diseases” was able to identify several systematic reviews and original articles up until July 2023. All studies with patients suffering from periodontal disease, which mentioned the year of publication, the country, specified the detection methods, and included the total number of tested samples as well as the percentage of those infected with Trichomonas tenax were included. Irrelevant articles were excluded. Results: We found 137 studies, but only 64 studies about the distribution of Trichomonas tenax in patients with gum disease underwent qualitative analysis. The highest number of studies have been conducted in Iran, Poland and Iraq. Different methods have been used to detect the unicellular organism, each with a different specificity and sensitivity. Conclusions: Interest in Trichomonas tenax has grown considerably since 2000. Because of its association with periodontal disease, Trichomonas tenax’s role in the inflammatory process should not be overlooked. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Diagnosis and Treatment of Dental Diseases and Tempromandibular Joints)

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10 pages, 1171 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Severity of Temporomandibular Joint Disc Displacement and Generalized Joint Hypermobility in Growing Patients: A Cross-Sectional Magnetic Resonance Image Study

by Adriana Assunta De Stefano, Ana Maria Boboc, Martina Horodynski, Alessandra Impellizzeri, Emanuela Serritella and Gabriella Galluccio

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(22), 12495; https://doi.org/10.3390/app132212495 - 20 Nov 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1052

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to investigate the association between the internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), in particular the severity of disc displacement (DD), and the presence of generalized joint hypermobility (GJH) in growing patients evaluated on magnetic resonance images (MRIs). The [...] Read more.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the association between the internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), in particular the severity of disc displacement (DD), and the presence of generalized joint hypermobility (GJH) in growing patients evaluated on magnetic resonance images (MRIs). The study also investigated the relationship between the stages of DD severity and age. Methods: This cross-sectional study has been conducted on a pre-orthodontic population (8–16 years). The GJH was assessed with the Beighton test (cutoff ≥ 4) and the final sample of 56 patients was divided into two groups: a study group, 30 subjects with GJH, and a control group, 26 subjects without GJH. The disc position was evaluated on MRI and the severity of DD was classified in four stages. Pearson’s χ2 Test was performed for the analysis of the statistical correlation. Results: A statistically significant relationship between GJH and disc position was found, in particular, a disc displacement with reduction (DDwR) and DD severity. A positive association also emerged between the severity of DD and age, that increased with increasing age. Conclusions: The research results suggest that there is an association between the presence of generalized joint hypermobility (GJH) and disc displacement (DD) in growing patients. Growing patients with GJH showed a higher severity of DD. In older patients, greater severity of DD was evident, suggesting that this condition may worsen with age during growth. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Diagnosis and Treatment of Dental Diseases and Tempromandibular Joints)

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