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Advances in Green Catalysis for Sustainable Organic Synthesis, 2nd Edition
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Advances in Green Catalysis for Sustainable Organic Synthesis, 2nd Edition

A special issue of Catalysts (ISSN 2073-4344). This special issue belongs to the section "Catalysis in Organic and Polymer Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 March 2024) | Viewed by 22296

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Maria Manuel B. Marques

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology - UNL, Caparica, Portugal
Interests: organic synthesis; catalysis; metal-catalyzed reactions; sustainable chemistry; heterocyclic chemistry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This is the second edition of the Special Issue titled “Advances in Green Catalysis for Sustainable Organic Synthesis”. Catalysis is one of the most powerful tools in organic synthesis and one of the pillars of green chemistry. The integration of catalysis in organic reactions has created a new way of thinking in sustainable organic synthesis.

Undoubtedly, catalysis offers unique possibilities to improve the sustainability of chemical transformations and has an important role in creating solutions for the synthesis of complex molecules and to uncover new reactivities.

The integration of one or more catalytic steps in a synthetic sequence can have a high impact in waste reduction while increasing the selectivity of organic transformations. Thus, the introduction of catalysts has profoundly changed the synthetic protocols for the construction of molecules, whose application ranges from pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals to advanced materials, on both laboratory and industrial scales.

The paramount importance of catalysis in sustainable chemistry involves the use of different types of catalysis, ranging from biocatalysis, metal-catalysis, organocatalysis, photocatalysis, and the use of hybrid catalysts, among others. Furthermore, the integration and telescoping of catalytic reactions will undoubtedly bring modern organic synthesis to a new level of sustainability. In the context of green chemistry, cooperative catalysts can remarkably reduce the amount of side products and, consequently, reduce waste generation, constituting a promising route to improve reactivity and selectivity in chemical transformations.

At present, the challenges are the design and use of green catalysts and catalyzed reactions to foster sustainable synthesis.

The present Special Issue intends to highlight updated contributions in the design, synthesis, and application of green catalysts and green catalytic methods that pave the way for a sustainable organic synthesis. Review articles by experts in the field will also be welcome.

Dr. Maria Manuel B. Marques
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Catalysts is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • catalysis
  • green catalysts
  • metal-catalyzed reactions
  • organocatalysis
  • photocatalysis
  • biocatalysis
  • sustainable synthesis

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (9 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 1690 KiB  
Communication
A Green Synthesis of 3-Selanyl-Isoflavones via Lipase Mediated Selenylation/Cyclization of Enaminones
by Wenbo Kan, Yuming Piao, Wenning Song, Xiaoxuan Chen, Chunyu Wang, Zhi Wang and Lei Wang
Catalysts 2024, 14(7), 413; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal14070413 - 28 Jun 2024
Viewed by 668
Abstract
Herein, a green biocatalytic approach using lipase as a catalyst has been developed for the synthesis of 3-selanyl-isoflavones through the selenylation/cyclization of 2-hydroxyphenyl enaminones and diphenyl di-selenide under mild conditions. The environmentally friendly method reached high yields of 87–95% in a short time [...] Read more.
Herein, a green biocatalytic approach using lipase as a catalyst has been developed for the synthesis of 3-selanyl-isoflavones through the selenylation/cyclization of 2-hydroxyphenyl enaminones and diphenyl di-selenide under mild conditions. The environmentally friendly method reached high yields of 87–95% in a short time at 30 °C, with 17 examples of 3-selanyl-isoflavones successfully prepared. Furthermore, we have investigated the possible mechanisms underlying this reaction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Green Catalysis for Sustainable Organic Synthesis, 2nd Edition)
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13 pages, 4005 KiB  
Article
Binuclear Dioxomolybdenum(VI) Complex Based on Bis(2-pyridinecarboxamide) Ligand as Effective Catalyst for Fuel Desulfurization
by Fátima Mirante, Catarina N. Dias, André Silva, Sandra Gago and Salete S. Balula
Catalysts 2024, 14(5), 305; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal14050305 - 4 May 2024
Viewed by 991
Abstract
A binuclear dioxomolybdenum catalyst [(MoO2Cl2)2(L)] (1) (with L (1S,2S)-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinecarboxamide)-1,2-cyclohexane) was prepared and used as catalyst for the desulfurization of a multicomponent model fuel containing the most refractory [...] Read more.
A binuclear dioxomolybdenum catalyst [(MoO2Cl2)2(L)] (1) (with L (1S,2S)-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinecarboxamide)-1,2-cyclohexane) was prepared and used as catalyst for the desulfurization of a multicomponent model fuel containing the most refractory sulfur compounds in real fuels. This complex was shown to have a high efficiency to oxidize the aromatic benzothiophene derivative compounds present in fuels, mainly using a biphasic 1:1 model fuel/MeOH system. This process conciliates catalytic oxidative and extractive desulfurization, resulting in the oxidation of the sulfur compounds in the polar organic solvent. The oxidative catalytic performance of (1) was shown to be influenced by the presence of water in the system. Using 50% aq. H2O2, it was possible to reuse the catalyst and the extraction solvent, MeOH, during ten consecutive cycles without loss of desulfurization efficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Green Catalysis for Sustainable Organic Synthesis, 2nd Edition)
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16 pages, 2383 KiB  
Article
Highly Efficient and Magnetically Recyclable Non-Noble Metal Fly Ash-Based Catalysts for 4-Nitrophenol Reduction
by Iwona Kuźniarska-Biernacka, Inês Ferreira, Marta Monteiro, Ana Cláudia Santos, Bruno Valentim, Alexandra Guedes, João H. Belo, João P. Araújo, Cristina Freire and Andreia F. Peixoto
Catalysts 2024, 14(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal14010003 - 19 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1428
Abstract
4-nitrophenol (4-NPh) is a harmful compound produced in large amounts in the chemical industry, and its reduction to aminophenol (4-APh) using noble metals as catalysts is one of the most studied processes. The development of noble metal-free catalysts represents an economic advantage in [...] Read more.
4-nitrophenol (4-NPh) is a harmful compound produced in large amounts in the chemical industry, and its reduction to aminophenol (4-APh) using noble metals as catalysts is one of the most studied processes. The development of noble metal-free catalysts represents an economic advantage in large-scale applications and contributes to the sustainability of raw materials. Coal fly ash (FA), a major waste stream from coal combustion, contains an easily recoverable magnetic fraction (FAmag sample) composed of Fe-rich particles that could substitute noble metal catalysts in 4-NPh reduction, with the concomitant advantage of being easily recovered via magnetic separation. For this purpose, a new composite material containing copper ferrite nanoparticles (FAmag@CS@CuFe) was prepared via a facile, environmentally friendly and cost-effective method based on three components: FAmag as the core, a biobased polymer chitosan (CS) as the linker and copper ferrite CuFe2O4 nanoparticles (CuFe) as the active sites. The structure, morphology, composition and magnetic properties of the FAmag@CS@CuFe material were studied to assess the efficiency of the preparation. It was found that the biopolymer prevented the aggregation of CuFe nanoparticles and enabled a synergistically outstanding activity towards the reduction of 4-NPh in comparison to the pristine FAmag and bare CuFe nanoparticles. The FAmag@CS@CuFe catalyst showed efficiency and stability in the conversion of 4-NPh of up to 95% in 3 min over four consecutive cycles. Such remarkable catalytic results demonstrate the potential of this catalyst as a substitute for expensive noble metals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Green Catalysis for Sustainable Organic Synthesis, 2nd Edition)
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16 pages, 5511 KiB  
Article
A Mild and Sustainable Procedure for the Functionalization of Morpholin-2-Ones by Oxidative Imidation Reactions
by Ana Maria Faisca Phillips and Armando J. L. Pombeiro
Catalysts 2023, 13(7), 1072; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13071072 - 5 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1310
Abstract
Nitrogen-containing heterocycles such as morpholin-2-ones are structural elements of many biologically active substances, as well as useful synthetic intermediates. To be able to functionalize them regioselectively in an easy, atom-efficient, and environmentally friendly manner is highly desirable. A procedure for cross-dehydrogenative coupling between [...] Read more.
Nitrogen-containing heterocycles such as morpholin-2-ones are structural elements of many biologically active substances, as well as useful synthetic intermediates. To be able to functionalize them regioselectively in an easy, atom-efficient, and environmentally friendly manner is highly desirable. A procedure for cross-dehydrogenative coupling between morpholinones and cyclic imides was developed addressing these requirements. An earth-abundant metal catalyst, copper(I) chloride, in the presence of acetic acid, and with molecular oxygen as the sole oxidant, operating under mild conditions, afforded the desired C–N coupled products in high yields. Besides being potentially biologically active, as many members of both families of compounds are, the products themselves may be suitable substrates for functionalized polymers, e.g., poly(β-aminoesters) or even for PROTACs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Green Catalysis for Sustainable Organic Synthesis, 2nd Edition)
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12 pages, 1165 KiB  
Article
Highlights on the General Preference for Multi-Over Mono-Coupling in the Suzuki–Miyaura Reaction
by Carlos F. R. A. C. Lima, Marco A. L. Lima, J. Ricardo M. Pinto, M. Gabriela T. C. Ribeiro, Artur M. S. Silva and Luís M. N. B. F. Santos
Catalysts 2023, 13(6), 928; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13060928 - 24 May 2023
Viewed by 2095
Abstract
A systematic synthetic study was performed to explain the usual trend in selectivity towards multi-coupling, over mono-coupling, in Suzuki–Miyaura reactions. This preference was observed under different reaction conditions: for various halobenzenes, using substituents on the boronic acid, and changing the catalyst and temperature. [...] Read more.
A systematic synthetic study was performed to explain the usual trend in selectivity towards multi-coupling, over mono-coupling, in Suzuki–Miyaura reactions. This preference was observed under different reaction conditions: for various halobenzenes, using substituents on the boronic acid, and changing the catalyst and temperature. Moreover, this reaction selectivity was found to increase for more reactive systems towards oxidative addition and more diluted media. The results constitute experimental evidence that the formation of the totally substituted coupling product is kinetically favoured by a reaction path location—the proximity between the regenerated catalyst and the newly formed coupling intermediate promotes the subsequent reaction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Green Catalysis for Sustainable Organic Synthesis, 2nd Edition)
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Review

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35 pages, 7530 KiB  
Review
Recent Advances in Catalyst Design for Carboxylation Using CO2 as the C1 Feedstock
by Sagarkumar Rajendrakumar Shah, Nayan Jyoti Mazumdar, Ander Centeno-Pedrazo, Dhanapati Deka, Nancy Artioli and Haresh Manyar
Catalysts 2023, 13(12), 1489; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13121489 - 30 Nov 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2905
Abstract
Carbon dioxide is ideal for carboxylation reactions as a renewable and sustainable C1 feedstock and has significant recognition owing to its low cost, non-toxicity, and high abundance. To depreciate the environmental concentration of CO2, which causes the greenhouse gas effect, developing [...] Read more.
Carbon dioxide is ideal for carboxylation reactions as a renewable and sustainable C1 feedstock and has significant recognition owing to its low cost, non-toxicity, and high abundance. To depreciate the environmental concentration of CO2, which causes the greenhouse gas effect, developing new catalytic protocols for organic synthesis in CO2 utilization is of great importance. This review focuses on carboxylation reactions using CO2 as a C1 feedstock to synthesize value-added functionalized carboxylic acids and their corresponding derivatives via catalytically generated allyl metal intermediates, photoredox catalysis, and electrocatalysis with a focus on recent developments and opportunities in catalyst design for carboxylation reactions. In this article, we describe recent developments in the carboxylation of C–H bonds, alkenes, and alkynes using CO2 as the C1 source for various reactions under different conditions, as well as the potential direction for the further development of CO2 utilization in organic synthesis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Green Catalysis for Sustainable Organic Synthesis, 2nd Edition)
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27 pages, 8427 KiB  
Review
Bimetallic (or Multimetallic) Synthesis of N-Heterocycles
by Ana Rita Reis, Nuno Viduedo, Daniel Raydan and Maria Manuel B. Marques
Catalysts 2023, 13(9), 1268; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13091268 - 2 Sep 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2267
Abstract
Bimetallic (or multimetallic) catalysis has emerged as a powerful tool in modern chemical synthesis, offering improved reaction control and versatility. This review focuses on the recent developments in bimetallic sequential catalysis for the synthesis of nitrogen heterocycles, which are essential building blocks in [...] Read more.
Bimetallic (or multimetallic) catalysis has emerged as a powerful tool in modern chemical synthesis, offering improved reaction control and versatility. This review focuses on the recent developments in bimetallic sequential catalysis for the synthesis of nitrogen heterocycles, which are essential building blocks in pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals. The cooperative action of two (sometimes more) different metal catalysts enables intricate control over reaction pathways, enhancing the selectivity and efficiency of the synthesis of N-heterocyclic compounds. By activating less reactive substrates, this multimetal catalytic strategy opens new synthetic possibilities for challenging compounds. The use of catalytic materials in bimetallic systems reduces waste and improves atom efficiency, aligning with green chemistry principles. With a diverse range of metal combinations and reaction conditions, bimetallic catalysis provides access to a broad array of N-heterocyclic compounds with various functionalities. This paper highlights the significant progress made in the past decade in this topic, emphasizing the promising potential of bimetallic catalysis in drug discovery and the fine chemical industries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Green Catalysis for Sustainable Organic Synthesis, 2nd Edition)
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26 pages, 11108 KiB  
Review
The Asymmetric Petasis Borono-Mannich Reaction: Insights on the Last 15 Years
by Carolina Marques and Pedro Brandão
Catalysts 2023, 13(6), 1022; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13061022 - 19 Jun 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2789
Abstract
The Petasis borono-Mannich reaction, commonly described as the Petasis reaction, was one of the latest famous multicomponent reactions described in the literature. Currently celebrating its 30th anniversary since it was first reported by Petasis and Akritopoulou in 1993, this reaction has emerged as [...] Read more.
The Petasis borono-Mannich reaction, commonly described as the Petasis reaction, was one of the latest famous multicomponent reactions described in the literature. Currently celebrating its 30th anniversary since it was first reported by Petasis and Akritopoulou in 1993, this reaction has emerged as a powerful tool for the synthesis of biologically relevant molecules (such as substituted amines or amino acids), among others. This three-component catalyst-free reaction (the classic model), involving the coupling of an aldehyde, an amine, and a boronic acid, enables the synthesis of polysubstituted amine-containing molecules. Several accounts regarding the catalyst-free version using different carbonyl, amine, and boron-type components have been reported thus far. In contrast, the asymmetric version is still in its infancy since it was first reported in 2007. In this work, we aim to review the asymmetric versions of the Petasis reaction reported over the last 15 years, considering the chiral pool approach (asymmetric induction by one reaction component) and the use of catalysts (organocatalysts, transition-metal catalysts, and others) to access enantiomeric and diastereomeric pure amino-derivatives. Insights regarding the catalyzed Petasis reaction and consequent sustainable synthesis will be highlighted. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Green Catalysis for Sustainable Organic Synthesis, 2nd Edition)
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24 pages, 4661 KiB  
Review
Green Chemistry in Organic Synthesis: Recent Update on Green Catalytic Approaches in Synthesis of 1,2,4-Thiadiazoles
by Laila Rubab, Ayesha Anum, Sami A. Al-Hussain, Ali Irfan, Sajjad Ahmad, Sami Ullah, Aamal A. Al-Mutairi and Magdi E. A. Zaki
Catalysts 2022, 12(11), 1329; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12111329 - 29 Oct 2022
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 6374
Abstract
Green (sustainable) chemistry provides a framework for chemists, pharmacists, medicinal chemists and chemical engineers to design processes, protocols and synthetic methodologies to make their contribution to the broad spectrum of global sustainability. Green synthetic conditions, especially catalysis, are the pillar of green chemistry. [...] Read more.
Green (sustainable) chemistry provides a framework for chemists, pharmacists, medicinal chemists and chemical engineers to design processes, protocols and synthetic methodologies to make their contribution to the broad spectrum of global sustainability. Green synthetic conditions, especially catalysis, are the pillar of green chemistry. Green chemistry principles help synthetic chemists overcome the problems of conventional synthesis, such as slow reaction rates, unhealthy solvents and catalysts and the long duration of reaction completion time, and envision solutions by developing environmentally benign catalysts, green solvents, use of microwave and ultrasonic radiations, solvent-free, grinding and chemo-mechanical approaches. 1,2,4-thiadiazole is a privileged structural motif that belongs to the class of nitrogen–sulfur-containing heterocycles with diverse medicinal and pharmaceutical applications. This comprehensive review systemizes types of green solvents, green catalysts, ideal green organic synthesis characteristics and the green synthetic approaches, such as microwave irradiation, ultrasound, ionic liquids, solvent-free, metal-free conditions, green solvents and heterogeneous catalysis to construct different 1,2,4-thiadiazoles scaffolds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Green Catalysis for Sustainable Organic Synthesis, 2nd Edition)
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