Atmosphere, Volume 14, Issue 12

The Cantareira Water Production System (CWPS), which supplies water to the most populous region in Brazil, is facing significant challenges due to hydroclimate change, thus threatening its water security. This research integrates data from climate mo...

Quantifying the level of CO₂, the main greenhouse gas (GHG), is essential for research on regional and global climate change, especially in the densely populated North China Plain with its severe CO₂ emissions. In this study, 12 airborne flights were...

The FY-4B satellite is one of the second generation of China’s geosynchronous meteorological satellites aiming at numerical weather forecasts. The space environment monitoring package (SEMP) onboard the FY-4B is a comprehensive instrument packa...

The formaldehyde (HCHO) dataset collected from January to December 2022 at the CNR Liberti Observatory (42.10° N; 12.64° E), a rural site located 30 km NE of Rome, is reported. The daily, weekly, and seasonal trends are examined. The highest...

Near-real-time satellite precipitation estimation is indispensable in areas where ground-based measurements are not available. In this study, an evaluation of two near-real-time products from the Center for Hydrometeorology and Remote Sensing at the...

Rapid urbanization and industrialization have heightened concerns about air quality worldwide. Conventional air purification methods, reliant on chemicals or energy-intensive processes, fall short in open spaces and in combating emerging pollutants....

This paper presents a study conducted in São Paulo, Brazil, where the planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) was determined using ceilometer data and the wavelet covariance transform method. The retrieved PBLH values were subsequently compared...

Due to the advantages of a short cycle, low investment and low energy consumption per ton of steel, short-process electric furnace steelmaking is about to welcome a golden period of rapid development in China. During the operation of the electric fur...

The successive tidal force (TF) at the epicenter of the Jiashi M6.6 earthquake in Xinjiang, China, was calculated for the period from 13 December 2019 to 10 February 2020. With periodic changes in tide-generating forces, the variations in the electro...

Hail is a type of severe convective weather disaster characterized by abundant water vapor and strong updrafts, resulting in intense and high reflectivity echoes in hail clouds, often accompanied by an overhanging form. Although hail research has mad...

The concentric impact rings of the Vredefort Crater contain rocks with elevated uranium concentrations resulting from the geological signature of a meteoric impact. The decay of this uranium was estimated to lead to elevated indoor radon concentratio...

The Ångström–Prescott formula is commonly used in climatological calculation methods of solar radiation simulation. Aiming at the characteristics of a vast area, few meteorological stations, and uneven distribution in the tropical re...

Appropriate greening design can enhance the microclimate of residential areas. This study investigated different greening cases for residential buildings in hot summer–cold winter zones. Four sorts of greening layouts were tested in a residenti...

The Experiment to Study Thunderstorm High-Energy Radiation (ESTHER) is a small project of the Italian National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF), devoted to the study of high-energy emissions from thunderstorms, such as Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes...

Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are becoming more frequent and intense in many regions around the world, as well as in China’s marginal seas. However, the seasonal characteristics and associated physical drivers of MHWs are largely unknown. In this stu...

Analyzing the development and evolution characteristics of typhoons are conducive to improving typhoon monitoring and optimizing early warning models. Based on the deep learning model YOLOv5 and Himawari-8 data products, this study analyzes the movem...

In the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region, operational deficiencies and limited maintenance capacities often impair automatic air quality monitoring stations. This results in frequent data omissions, compromising the reliability of environmental assessment...

Indoor air quality (IAQ) directly affects human health. The increase in PM and CO₂ concentration indoors caused an increase in the prevalence of sick building syndrome (SBS) symptoms. Plants could contribute to reducing particulate matter (PM) and CO...

In order to improve the inversion accuracy of stellar occultation data and to provide a reference for the selection of inversion methods with higher accuracy in the future, this study compared and analyzed the inversion effects of two different metho...

With the rapid urbanization and industrialization in Taiwan, pollutants generated from industrial processes, coal combustion, and vehicle emissions have led to severe air pollution issues. This study focuses on predicting the fine particulate matter...

Very Low Frequency (VLF) waves radiated from ground-based transmitters are crucial for long-distance communication and underwater navigation. These waves can reflect between the Earth’s surface and the ionosphere for Earth–ionosphere wave...

The icing on power transmission lines, as a major hazard affecting the safety of electricity usage in China during winter, poses a significant challenge in systematically evaluating the weather conditions and their distribution characteristics during...

The enormous heterogeneity and complexity of landscape patterns and their linkage with the hydrological responses have rarely been quantified and cataloged, especially in ungauged regions. This research therefore linked the landscape characteristics...

This paper presents a semi-supervised change detection optimization strategy as a means to mitigate the reliance of unsupervised/semi-supervised algorithms on pseudo-labels. The benefits of the Class-balanced Self-training Framework (CBST) and Deepla...

The heat transfer characteristics of porous rock layers (PRLs) have significant seasonal differences. This feature has been used to protect the permafrost subgrade under highways and railways from degeneration. However, in cold sandy environments, th...

This study uses a limited area model to improve the understanding of assimilating Aeolus Level 2B wind profiles on a regional level under severe weather conditions. Aeolus wind profile measurements have offered new insights into weather analysis and...

Gravity wave (GW) activities play a prominent role in the complex coupling process of wave–wave and wave–background circulation around mid-low-latitude and equatorial areas. The wavelengths are wide, from about 10 m to 100 km, with a peri...

Previous studies have demonstrated that the influence of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the Euro-Atlantic atmospheric circulation varies considerably during the boreal winter. Compared to the late winter (January–March)...

To effectively address air pollution and enhance air quality, governments must be able to predict the air quality index with high accuracy and reliability. However, air quality prediction is subject to ambiguity and instability because of the atmosph...

Addressing the impacts of climate change requires, first of all, understanding the mechanisms driving changes, especially at the regional scale. In particular, policymakers and other stakeholders need physically robust climate change information to d...

Over the past several years, Shenzhen’s air quality has significantly improved despite increased ground-level ozone (O₃) and the challenges in reducing fine particulate matter (PM_2.5). We investigated concentration trends, concurrent pollution...

The Photovoltaic Geographical Information System (PVGIS) is a web application that provides free access to solar radiation and temperature data, typical meteorological year (TMY) data, and to photovoltaic performance assessment tools for any place in...

The plasma in situ detector is a multi-sensor package designed to in situ measure the bulk parameters of the local ionospheric plasma. The plasma in situ detector is comprised of three sensors: Langmuir probe (LP), retarding potential analyzer (RPA)...

The strong wind-induced current and sea level have influences on the wave distribution in a tropical cyclone (TC). In particular, the wave–current interaction is significant in the period in which the TC passed the mesoscale eddy. In this study...

Wetlands, which are composed of soil, vegetation and water, have sufficient water supply and are sensitive to climate change. This study analyzes the coupling degree between wetlands and atmosphere and discusses the influence of environmental factors...

Traditional gravity wave drag parameterizations produce wind stresses that are insensitive to changing horizontal resolution in numerical weather prediction (NWP), partly due to the idealized elliptical assumption. This study employs the modified sub...

With further urbanization, household consumption firmly plays a key role in China’s national carbon emissions. However, current research concerning carbon issues has mainly focused on urban household consumption, and few studies have paid atten...

PM_2.5 pollution over Hangzhou Bay area, China has received continuous attention. In this study, PM_2.5 samples were collected simultaneously in six typical cities in Zhejiang Province from 15 October 2019 to 15 January 2020 (autumn and winter) and fro...

Interactions between clouds, aerosol, and precipitation are crucial aspects of weather and climate. The simple Koren–Feingold conceptual model is important for providing deeper insight into the complex aerosol–cloud–precipitation sy...

In recent years, carbon emissions have become a hot spot issue, and countries have made efforts to control the increasing rate of CO₂ concentration. Prior studies have mainly focused on the national total carbon emissions, but per capita carbon emiss...

Ambient air quality is the most important environmental factor affecting human health, estimated by the WHO to be responsible for 4.2 million deaths annually. Having timely estimates for air quality is critical for implementing public policies that c...

In this paper, the charge structure and lightning activity characteristics of the thunderstorm that occurred on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau on 14 August 2014 were analyzed using data collected from a three-dimensional (3D) lightning very-high-fre...

Drought monitoring and early detection have improved greatly in recent decades through the development and refinement of numerous indices and indicators. However, a lack of guidance, based on user experience, exists as to which drought-monitoring too...

The Dongting Lake basin, located in the middle Yangtze River region, has long been under the threat of climate change. However, there has been a lack of comprehensive analysis and research on the long-term trends and interactions among hydrometeorolo...

The Brazilian population grew approximately 9% from 2006 to 2016, and the number of deaths caused by air pollution increased by 14% in Brazil in the same period. Facing the lack of studies on air quality in the Metropolitan Area of Belo Horizonte (MA...

Space weather science has been a growing field in Africa since 2007. This growth in infrastructure and human capital development has been accompanied by the deployment of ground-based observing infrastructure, most of which was donated by foreign ins...

Understanding the spatiotemporal distribution of extreme rainfall and meteorological drought on a watershed scale could be beneficial for local management of any water resources system that supports dam operation and river conservation. This study co...

This study utilizes the ECMWF ERA5 climate reanalysis database and data from the Southern China Transmission Lines Icing Observation System and applies the T-mode principal component analysis, an objective synoptic pattern classification method, to i...

The new way of thinking science from Newtonian determinism to nonlinear unpredictability and the dawn of advanced computer science and technology can be summarized in the words of the theoretical physicist Michel Baranger, who, in 2000, said in a con...

Reliable short-term wind speed prediction is one of the core technologies in the strong wind warning system for railway applications, which is of great significance for ensuring the safety of high-speed train operations and ancillary railway faciliti...