Chemical Composition and Bioinsecticidal Effects of Thymus zygis L., Salvia officinalis L. and Mentha suaveolens Ehrh. Essential Oils on Medfly Ceratitis capitata and Tomato Leaf Miner Tuta absoluta
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. The Yield of Essential Oils
2.2. Chemical Composition of T. zygis L., S. officinalis L. and M. suaveolens Ehrh. Essential Oils
2.3. Insecticidal Activity
2.3.1. Toxicity of Essential Oils
2.3.2. Determination of LD50 of the Studied Essential Oils
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Plant Material
3.2. Essential Oil Extraction
3.3. Analysis of the Chemical Composition of the Essential Oils
3.4. Insecticidal Activity
3.4.1. Insects Material
3.4.2. Concentrations Preparation
3.4.3. Biological Trials
- Larvae of T. absoluta
- Adult of C. capitata
3.5. Data Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Plant | T. zygis L. | S. officinalis L. | M. suaveolens |
---|---|---|---|
Yield (%v/w) | 3.87 ± 0.03 | 4.09 ± 0.23 | 4.35 ± 0.11 |
RT | Constituents | (KI) | Formula | Percentage (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T. zygis L. | S. officinalis L. | M. suaveolens Ehrh. | ||||
5.22 | Salvene <(Z)-> | 856 | C9H16 | - | 0.16 | - |
7.19 | tricyclene | 926 | C10H16 | - | 0.17 | - |
7.67 | Thujene <α-> | 930 | C10H16 | 0.33 | 0.34 | - |
7.83 | Pinene <α-> | 939 | C10H16 | 0.50 | 7.46 | - |
8.22 | Camphene | 954 | C10H16 | 0.46 | 4.40 | - |
9.16 | Pinene <β-> | 979 | C10H16 | 0.11 | 2.69 | - |
9.31 | Octen-3-ol <1-> | 979 | C8H16O | 0.27 | - | 0.24 |
9.89 | Myrcene | 990 | C10H16 | 0.90 | 2.14 | - |
10.19 | Phellandrene <α-> | 1002 | C10H16 | 0.07 | - | - |
10.67 | Terpinene <α-> | 1017 | C10H16 | 1.02 | 0.33 | - |
10.81 | Cineole <1.8> | 1031 | C10H18O | - | 11.46 | - |
10.83 | Cymene <ο-> | 1026 | C10H14 | 16.90 | 0.27 | - |
11.01 | Phellandrene <β-> | 1029 | C10H16 | 0.14 | - | - |
11.08 | Limonene | 1029 | C10H16 | 0.27 | 1.20 | 0.77 |
12.18 | Terpinene <γ-> | 1059 | C10H16 | 7.23 | 0.81 | - |
12.88 | Terpinolene | 1088 | C10H16 | 0.06 | 0.51 | - |
13.07 | Thujone (cis) | 1102 | C10H16O | - | 2.76 | - |
13.6 | Linalool | 1096 | C10H18O | 3.14 | - | - |
13.70 | Thujone (trans) | 1114 | C10H16O | - | 21.80 | - |
14.37 | Camphor | 1146 | C10H16O | - | 15.33 | - |
15.27 | Isoborneol | 1160 | C10H18O | - | 1.40 | - |
15.59 | Borneol | 1169 | C10H18O | 2.18 | - | 9.57 |
15.75 | Terpinen-4-ol | 1177 | C10H18O | 1.24 | 1.54 | 0.24 |
16.14 | Terpineol <α-> | 1188 | C10H18O | - | 0.52 | - |
18.43 | Carvone oxide <cis> | 1263 | C10H14O2 | - | - | 0.47 |
18.73 | Carvone | 1243 | C10H14O | - | - | 0.38 |
19.45 | Isobornyl acetate | 1285 | C12H20O2 | - | 0.81 | - |
19.72 | Carvotanacetone <6-hydroxy-> | 1310 | C10 H16 O2 | - | - | 1.55 |
19.93 | Thymol | 1290 | C10H14O | 0.19 | - | - |
20.35 | Carvacrol | 1299 | C10H14O | 61.6 | - | 0.75 |
22.22 | Piperitenone oxide | 1368 | C10H14O2 | - | - | 74.57 |
22.37 | Jasmone <dihydro-> | 1380 | C11H18O | - | - | 0.43 |
22.55 | 2,4-Dimethyl-1,3-cyclopentanedione | 1390 | C7H10O2 | - | - | 0.16 |
23.04 | Jasmone <(Z)-> | 1392 | C11 H16 O | - | - | 0.20 |
24.05 | Caryophyllene <(E)-> | 1419 | C15H24 | 2.42 | 6.76 | - |
23.19 | Nepetalactone <4aα,7α,7aβ-> | 1387 | C10H14O2 | - | - | 3.10 |
24.35 | Caryophyllene <(Z)-> | 1408 | C15H24 | - | - | 0.84 |
24.58 | Aromadendrene | 1441 | C15H24 | - | 0.39 | - |
25.02 | Humulene <α-> | 1454 | C15H24 | 0.08 | 4.93 | - |
25.66 | Farnesene <(E)-β-> | 1456 | C15H24 | - | - | 0.44 |
25.69 | Muurolene (ɣ) | 1479 | C15H24 | - | 0.24 | - |
26.14 | Germacrene D | 1481 | C15H24 | - | - | 0.94 |
27.06 | Cadinene <δ-> | 1523 | C15H24 | 0.15 | 0.24 | 1.51 |
27.2 | Calamenene <trans-> | 1522 | C15H22 | - | - | 0.26 |
28.28 | Spathulenol | 1578 | C15H24O | - | - | 0.43 |
28.40 | Caryophyllene oxide | 1583 | C15H24O | 0.40 | 1.16 | 0.70 |
28.73 | Globulol | 1590 | C15H26O | - | - | 0.63 |
28.86 | Viridiflorol | 1592 | C15H26O | - | 6.20 | - |
29.12 | Humulene epoxide II | 1608 | C15H24O | - | 0.79 | - |
29.44 | Cubenol <1,10-di-epi-> | 1619 | C15H26O | - | - | 0.76 |
30.51 | Cadinol <α-> | 1654 | C15H26O | - | - | 0.30 |
31.27 | Germacra-4(15),5,10(14)-trien-1-α-ol | 1686 | C15H24O | 0.11 | 0.31 | 0.23 |
33.99 | Costol (β) | 1767 | C15H24O | - | 0.25 | - |
36.13 | Isovalencenol (E) | 1793 | C15H24O | - | 0.29 | - |
36.26 | Eremophilone <8-hydroxy-> | 1847 | C15 H22 O2 | - | - | 0.32 |
37.37 | Farnecyl acetone -<5E, 9Z> | 1887 | C8H30O | 0.15 | - | - |
40.41 | Manool (13-epi) | 2060 | C20H34O | - | 2,0 | - |
41.09 | Himachalene <α-> | 1451 | C15 H24 | 0.32 | ||
Total (%) | 99.92 | 99.89 | 99.79 | |||
Hydrogenated monoterpenes | 27.99 | 20.48 | 0.77 | |||
Oxygenated monoterpenes | 68.62 | 55.62 | 91.66 | |||
Hydrogenated sesquiterpenes | 2.65 | 12.79 | 3.99 | |||
Oxygenated sesquiterpenes | 0.66 | 9 | 3.37 | |||
Diterpenes | 2 |
Pests | Duration after Treatment (h) | DL50 (µL/mL) | Confidence Limits | Slope | Standard Error | Heterogeneity | g Value | Log (L) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T. zygis | ||||||||
C. capitata | 24 | 11.78 | 11.78–14.00 | 5.75 | 0.48 | 0.61 | 0.03 | −144.60 |
48 | 7.00 | 7.00–11.00 | 6.36 | 0.76 | 0.55 | 0.05 | −226.80 | |
T. absoluta | 24 | 6.18 | 3.00–6.18 | 3.50 | 0.34 | 1.83 | 0.07 | −83.72 |
48 | 3.76 | 2.00–3.76 | 3.42 | 0.34 | 1.15 | 0.05 | −82.30 | |
M. suaveolens | ||||||||
C. capitata | 24 | 2.30 | - | 11.15 | 0.01 | 0.05 | >0.5 | −89.00 |
48 | 0.90 | - | 9.14 | 0.00 | 0.16 | >0.5 | −79.05 | |
T. absoluta | 24 | 1.13 | - | 16.94 | 0.00 | 0.03 | >0.5 | −41.29 |
48 | 0.80 | - | 15.33 | 0.03 | 0.12 | >0.5 | −32.60 | |
S. officinalis | ||||||||
C. capitata | 24 | 6.56 | 6.56–7.00 | 4.02 | 0.40 | 0.88 | 0.04 | −230.20 |
48 | 3.44 | 3.44–4.00 | 2.98 | 0.25 | 0.70 | 0.03 | −211.90 | |
T. absoluta | 24 | 11.04 | 10.00–13.00 | 3.67 | 0.34 | 0.79 | 0.03 | −96.91 |
48 | 8.38 | 6.00–8.40 | 2.72 | 0.24 | 0.80 | 0.03 | −123.80 |
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Zerkani, H.; Kharchoufa, L.; Tagnaout, I.; Fakchich, J.; Bouhrim, M.; Amalich, S.; Addi, M.; Hano, C.; Cruz-Martins, N.; Bouharroud, R.; et al. Chemical Composition and Bioinsecticidal Effects of Thymus zygis L., Salvia officinalis L. and Mentha suaveolens Ehrh. Essential Oils on Medfly Ceratitis capitata and Tomato Leaf Miner Tuta absoluta. Plants 2022, 11, 3084. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11223084
Zerkani H, Kharchoufa L, Tagnaout I, Fakchich J, Bouhrim M, Amalich S, Addi M, Hano C, Cruz-Martins N, Bouharroud R, et al. Chemical Composition and Bioinsecticidal Effects of Thymus zygis L., Salvia officinalis L. and Mentha suaveolens Ehrh. Essential Oils on Medfly Ceratitis capitata and Tomato Leaf Miner Tuta absoluta. Plants. 2022; 11(22):3084. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11223084
Chicago/Turabian StyleZerkani, Hannou, Loubna Kharchoufa, Imane Tagnaout, Jamila Fakchich, Mohamed Bouhrim, Smail Amalich, Mohamed Addi, Christophe Hano, Natália Cruz-Martins, Rachid Bouharroud, and et al. 2022. "Chemical Composition and Bioinsecticidal Effects of Thymus zygis L., Salvia officinalis L. and Mentha suaveolens Ehrh. Essential Oils on Medfly Ceratitis capitata and Tomato Leaf Miner Tuta absoluta" Plants 11, no. 22: 3084. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11223084