Antioxidants

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11 pages, 889 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cocoa Bar Antioxidant Profile Enrichment with Underutilized Apples Varieties

by Alessandra Francini, Carmen Fidalgo-Illesca, Andrea Raffaelli, Marco Romi, Claudio Cantini and Luca Sebastiani

Antioxidants 2022, 11(4), 694; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11040694 - 31 Mar 2022

Viewed by 2442

Abstract

The impact of dried apples (Malus × domestica Borkh.) addition on improving the antioxidant characteristics of dark chocolate was evaluated. The antioxidant activity was measured through DPPH scavenging activity and showed an increase in the cocoa bar with ‘Nesta’ dry apple (17.3% [...] Read more.

The impact of dried apples (Malus × domestica Borkh.) addition on improving the antioxidant characteristics of dark chocolate was evaluated. The antioxidant activity was measured through DPPH scavenging activity and showed an increase in the cocoa bar with ‘Nesta’ dry apple (17.3% vs. 46.8%) in comparison to cocoa mass. The 15 polyphenols analyzed by UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS indicated great variability among the apple varieties. Quercetin was detected in the highest concentrations (ranged from 753.3 to 1915.5 µg g⁻¹), while the lowest were for kaempferol 7-O-glucoside, measured only in ‘Mora’ and ‘Nesta’ cocoa bars (from 0.034 to 0.069 µg g⁻¹, respectively). P-coumaric acid, trans-ferulic acid, and chlorogenic acid contribute largely to the antioxidant activity in cocoa bars. Principal component analysis shows that a cocoa bar with the addition of ‘Nesta’ dry apple differ from others due to its higher content of polyphenols (1614 ± 61.8 mg gallic acid equivalents per 100 g). In conclusion, data confirm that cocoa bars with dry apples might be considered as a polyphenol-enriched food. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Compounds from Plants with Antioxidant Properties)

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9 pages, 910 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Influence of Chlorpyrifos on the Nonenzymatic Antioxidants Content in Macrophytes Leaves

by Elżbieta Sobiecka, Milena Mroczkowska and Tomasz P. Olejnik

Antioxidants 2022, 11(4), 684; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11040684 - 31 Mar 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2004

Abstract

Water pollution can be moved or limited by macrophytes in a phytoremediation process. The presence of insecticides in the plant life environment may affect physiological processes and contribute to the formation of secondary oxidative stress in plant tissues. To protect against oxidative stress, [...] Read more.

Water pollution can be moved or limited by macrophytes in a phytoremediation process. The presence of insecticides in the plant life environment may affect physiological processes and contribute to the formation of secondary oxidative stress in plant tissues. To protect against oxidative stress, macrophytes have developed a system of mechanisms consisting of nonenzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants. The influence of various concentrations of chlorpyrifos on the nonenzymatic system in Canadian waterweed (Elodea canadensis Michx.), needle spikerush (Eleocharis acicularis) and water mint (Mentha aquatica L.) was studied. The differences in the value of the total concentration of polyphenols and flavonoids, as well as analysis of chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, anthocyanin and carotenoid concentrations were determined in leaves. Research indicated a significant increase in the content of polyphenols and flavonoids in a solution with the highest concentration of chlorpyrifos while the opposite tendency was observed after analyses of the main assimilating pigments of plant tissues. It was concluded that aqueous plants exposed to toxic insecticide molecules created a defensive mechanism by nonenzymatic antioxidant systems and the amount of low-molecular weight compounds depended on the pollutant concentration which influenced biosynthesis mechanisms in plant cells. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Compounds from Plants with Antioxidant Properties)

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17 pages, 2604 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cell-Based Antioxidant Properties and Synergistic Effects of Natural Plant and Algal Extracts Pre and Post Intestinal Barrier Transport

by Christophe Furger, Camille Gironde, Mylène Rigal, Cécile Dufour and Damien Guillemet

Antioxidants 2022, 11(3), 565; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11030565 - 16 Mar 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2506

Abstract

In this work, both direct and indirect cell-based antioxidant profiles were established for 27 plant extracts and 1 algal extract. To evaluate the direct antioxidant effects, fluorescent AOP1 cell assay was utilized, which measures the ability of different samples to neutralize intracellular free [...] Read more.

In this work, both direct and indirect cell-based antioxidant profiles were established for 27 plant extracts and 1 algal extract. To evaluate the direct antioxidant effects, fluorescent AOP1 cell assay was utilized, which measures the ability of different samples to neutralize intracellular free radicals produced by a cell-based photo-induction process. As the intestinal barrier is the first cell line crossed by the product, dose response curves obtained from Caco-2 cells were used to establish EC₅₀ values for 26 out of the 28 natural extracts. Among them, 11 extracts from Vitis, Hamamelis, Syzygium, Helichrysum, Ilex and Ribes genera showed remarkable EC₅₀s in the range of 10 µg/mL. In addition to this, a synergistic effect was found when combinations of the most potent extracts (S. aromaticum, H. italicum, H. virginiana, V. vinifera) were utilized compared to extracts alone. Indirect antioxidant activities (i.e., the ability of cells to trigger antioxidant defenses) were studied using the ARE/Nrf2 luminescence reporter-gene assay in HepG2 cells, as liver is the first organ crossed by an edible ingredient once it enters in the bloodstream. Twelve extracts were subjected to an intestinal epithelial barrier passage in order to partially mimic intestinal absorption and show whether basolateral compartments could maintain direct or indirect antioxidant properties. Using postepithelial barrier samples and HepG2 cells as a target model, we demonstrate that indirect antioxidant activities are maintained for three extracts, S. aromaticum, H. virginiana and H. italicum. Our experimental work also confirms the synergistic effects of combinations of post-intestinal barrier compartments issued from apical treatment with these three extracts. By combining cell-based assays together with an intestinal absorption process, this study demonstrates the power of cell systems to address the issue of antioxidant effects in humans. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Compounds from Plants with Antioxidant Properties)

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21 pages, 3621 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of Traditional and Cyclodextrin-Assisted Extraction Methods on Trifolium pratense L. (Red Clover) Extracts Antioxidant Potential

by Jurga Andreja Kazlauskaite, Liudas Ivanauskas, Mindaugas Marksa and Jurga Bernatoniene

Antioxidants 2022, 11(2), 435; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11020435 - 21 Feb 2022

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3961

Abstract

Red clover is the subject of numerous studies because of its antioxidant properties, the positive influence of isoflavones on the health, and its potential use in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. The right excipients, such as cyclodextrins, can increase the profile [...] Read more.

Red clover is the subject of numerous studies because of its antioxidant properties, the positive influence of isoflavones on the health, and its potential use in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. The right excipients, such as cyclodextrins, can increase the profile of valuable phenolic compounds in extraction media to obtain rich in antioxidants, extracts that can be used in nutraceuticals production. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the total phenolic content, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of red clover aerial parts, aqueous and ethanolic extracts prepared using traditional and cyclodextrins-assisted methods. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was established using ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS-post column methods. It was determined that cyclodextrins significantly increased total phenolic content (compared with control)—using β-cyclodextrin 20.29% (in aqueous samples); γ-cyclodextrin 22.26% (in ethanolic samples). All the samples prepared with excipients demonstrated a strong relationship between total phenolic content and DPPH assay. Study showed that for extraction with water, the highest amounts of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and antioxidant activity will be achieved with β-cyclodextrin, but extractions with ethanol will give the best results with γ-cyclodextrin. Therefore, cyclodextrins are a great and safe tool for obtaining rich, red clover flower extracts that are high in antioxidant activity, which can be used in the pharmaceutical industry for nutraceuticals production. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Compounds from Plants with Antioxidant Properties)

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21 pages, 1078 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Phenolic Compounds, Vitamins C and E and Antioxidant Activity of Edible Honeysuckle Berries (Lonicera caerulea L. var. kamtschatica Pojark) in Relation to Their Origin

by Jana Orsavová, Irena Sytařová, Jiří Mlček and Ladislava Mišurcová

Antioxidants 2022, 11(2), 433; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11020433 - 21 Feb 2022

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3054

Abstract

Honeysuckles are frost tolerant plants providing early-ripening fruits with health-promoting properties which have been used in traditional medicine in China. This study evaluates the impact of the climatic conditions of two areas on the chemical composition and antioxidant activity (AOA; by DPPH—2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and [...] Read more.

Honeysuckles are frost tolerant plants providing early-ripening fruits with health-promoting properties which have been used in traditional medicine in China. This study evaluates the impact of the climatic conditions of two areas on the chemical composition and antioxidant activity (AOA; by DPPH—2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and photochemiluminescence assays) of eight cultivars of honeysuckle berries (Lonicera caerulea L. var. kamtschatica Pojark) of various ripening times. Expectedly, chemical composition and AOA values varied depending on the cultivars, locality and selected methods. Berries from Lednice (the area with more sunshine) showed higher average contents of total monomeric anthocyanins (TMAC; pH differential absorbance method), vitamins C and E and total phenolics (high-performance liquid chromatography). In contrast, berries from Žabčice (the area with more rain) performed higher average contents of total phenolics and flavonoids (UV/VIS spectroscopic analyses). Interestingly, fundamental amounts of chlorogenic acid were determined irrespective of the locality. Regarding TMAC and vitamin C content, early ripening Amphora from both areas has been assessed as the best cultivar; concerning the content of phenolic compounds, Fialka from both areas and Amphora from Lednice is considered as the most valuable. The obtained results may facilitate the selection of the most valuable cultivars for both producers and consumers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Compounds from Plants with Antioxidant Properties)

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17 pages, 4502 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Protective Effect of Liposomal Epigallocatechin-Gallate in Experimental Gentamicin-Induced Hepatotoxicity

by Adriana Elena Bulboacă, Alina Silvia Porfire, Vasile Rus, Cristina Ariadna Nicula, Corneliu Angelo Bulboacă and Sorana D. Bolboacă

Antioxidants 2022, 11(2), 412; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11020412 - 17 Feb 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3447

Abstract

Our study aimed to assess the effect of liposomal epigallocatechin-gallate (LEGCG) compared with epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG) solution on hepatic toxicity induced by gentamicin (G) administration in rats. Five groups were evaluated, a control group (no G administration) and four groups that received G (1 [...] Read more.

Our study aimed to assess the effect of liposomal epigallocatechin-gallate (LEGCG) compared with epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG) solution on hepatic toxicity induced by gentamicin (G) administration in rats. Five groups were evaluated, a control group (no G administration) and four groups that received G (1 mL, i.p, 80 mg/kg b.w. (body weight/day), for 7 days) to which we associated daily administration 30 min before G of EGCG (G-EGCG, 2.5 mg/0.1 kg b.w.), LEGCG (G-LEGCG, 2.5 mg/0.1 kg b.w.) or silymarin (100 mg/kg b.w./day). The nitro-oxidative stress (NOx), catalase (CAT), TNF-α, transaminases, creatinine, urea, metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 and 9, and liver histopathological changes were evaluated. LEGCG exhibited better efficacy than EGCG, improving the oxidant/antioxidant balance (p = 0.0125 for NOx and 0.0032 for CAT), TNF-α (p < 0.0001), MMP-2 (p < 0.0001), aminotransferases (p = 0.0001 for AST and 0.0136 for ALT), creatinine (p < 0.0001), urea (p = 0.0006) and histopathologic liver changes induced by gentamicin. Our study demonstrated the beneficial effect of EGCG with superior results of the liposomal formulation for hepatoprotection in experimental hepatic toxicity induced by gentamicin. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Compounds from Plants with Antioxidant Properties)

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11 pages, 5205 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Beneficial Effect of Carvacrol in HL-1 Cardiomyocytes Treated with LPS-G: Anti-Inflammatory Pathway Investigations

by Guya Diletta Marconi, Ylenia Della Rocca, Luigia Fonticoli, Simone Guarnieri, Simone Carradori, Thangavelu Soundara Rajan, Jacopo Pizzicannella and Francesca Diomede

Antioxidants 2022, 11(2), 386; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11020386 - 15 Feb 2022

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2787

Abstract

Carvacrol (CAR), a natural phenolic monoterpene, possesses different biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The current study aimed to evaluate the response of HL-1 cardiomyocytes to an inflammatory stimulus triggered by lipopolysaccharide from Porphyromonas gingivalis (LPS-G), alone or in co-treatment with [...] Read more.

Carvacrol (CAR), a natural phenolic monoterpene, possesses different biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The current study aimed to evaluate the response of HL-1 cardiomyocytes to an inflammatory stimulus triggered by lipopolysaccharide from Porphyromonas gingivalis (LPS-G), alone or in co-treatment with CAR, to investigate the potential protective role of CAR in the inflammatory process through modulation of the TLR4/NFκB/NALP3/IL-1β pathway and ROS production. In an in vitro experiment, HL-1 cardiomyocytes were exposed to LPS-G and incubated with CAR. We evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of CAR by the reduction in TLR4, NFκB, NALP3, and IL-1β expression using immunofluorescence staining. Western blot analysis also validated the modulation of the TLR4/NFκB/NALP3/IL-1β pathway. ROS analyses confirmed the protective effects of CAR. Our results suggest that CAR could provide a significant protection role against inflammatory stimulus generated by LPS-G, involving the suppression of the TLR4/NFκB/NALP3/IL-1β signaling pathway. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Compounds from Plants with Antioxidant Properties)

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15 pages, 1114 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Antioxidant and Anti-α-Glucosidase Activities of Various Solvent Extracts and Major Bioactive Components from the Fruits of Crataegus pinnatifida

by Yen-Ting Lin, Hsiang-Ru Lin, Chang-Syun Yang, Chia-Ching Liaw, Ping-Jyun Sung, Yueh-Hsiung Kuo, Ming-Jen Cheng and Jih-Jung Chen

Antioxidants 2022, 11(2), 320; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11020320 - 6 Feb 2022

Cited by 28 | Viewed by 4927

Abstract

Crataegus pinnatifida is used to treat various diseases, including indigestion, congestive heart failure, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and myocardial dysfunction. We evaluated antioxidant and anti-α-glucosidase activities of various solvent extracts and major bioactive components from the fruit of C. pinnatifida. Ethyl acetate extracts showed [...] Read more.

Crataegus pinnatifida is used to treat various diseases, including indigestion, congestive heart failure, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and myocardial dysfunction. We evaluated antioxidant and anti-α-glucosidase activities of various solvent extracts and major bioactive components from the fruit of C. pinnatifida. Ethyl acetate extracts showed potent antioxidant activities with IC₅₀ values of 23.26 ± 1.97 and 50.73 ± 8.03 μg/mL, respectively, in DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays. Acetone extract exhibited significant anti-α-glucosidase activity with IC₅₀ values of 42.35 ± 2.48 μg/mL. HPLC analysis was used to examine and compare the content of active components in various solvent extracts. We isolated four active compounds and evaluated their antioxidant and anti-α-glucosidase properties. Among the isolated compounds, chlorogenic acid and hyperoside showed potential antioxidant activities in ABTS and superoxide radical scavenging assays. Moreover, hyperoside also displayed stronger anti-α-glucosidase activity than other isolates. The molecular docking model and the hydrophilic interactive mode of anti-α-glucosidase assay revealed that hyperoside might have a higher antagonistic effect than positive control acarbose. The present study suggests that C. pinnatifida and its active extracts and components are worth further investigation and might be expectantly developed as the candidates for the treatment or prevention of oxidative stress-related diseases and hyperglycemia. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Compounds from Plants with Antioxidant Properties)

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16 pages, 1080 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Variability of Phenolic Compound Accumulation and Antioxidant Activity in Wild Plants of Some Rumex Species (Polygonaceae)

by Pavel Feduraev, Liubov Skrypnik, Sofia Nebreeva, Georgii Dzhobadze, Anna Vatagina, Evgeniia Kalinina, Artem Pungin, Pavel Maslennikov, Anastasiia Riabova, Olesya Krol and Galina Chupakhina

Antioxidants 2022, 11(2), 311; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11020311 - 3 Feb 2022

Cited by 36 | Viewed by 5305

Abstract

Today, more than ever, the search for non-trivial sources of biologically active substances is critical. Plants of the genus Rumex are noteworthy. Plants of this genus stand out for a number of advantages from the dominant plant core of meadow phytocenoses of the [...] Read more.

Today, more than ever, the search for non-trivial sources of biologically active substances is critical. Plants of the genus Rumex are noteworthy. Plants of this genus stand out for a number of advantages from the dominant plant core of meadow phytocenoses of the temperate climatic zone: a short growing season, an intensive increase in biomass, and undemanding growth conditions. In addition, this plant genus is known as a super-producer of secondary phenolic compounds. The wide distribution and intensive synthesis of biologically active substances make plants from the genus Rumex a promising object for study. Seven species of the genus Rumex (R. acetosa, R. acetosella, R. confertus, R. crispus, R. maritimus, R.obtusifolius, and R. sanguineus) were analyzed. Plants were collected under relatively uniform growing conditions. For subsequent extraction and analysis of phenolic compounds, as well as antioxidant activity, plants leaves were used. R. acetosella, R. crispus, R. maritimus, R. obtusifolius, and R. sanguineus were characterized by a high total content of phenolic compounds (111–131 mg g^–1). The maximum content of flavonoids was found in the leaves of R. maritimus and R. acetosella. At the same time, according to high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) analysis, derivatives of flavones (apigenin and luteolin) predominated in the leaves of R. acetosella, while in other species, mainly derivatives of flavonols (quercetin and kaempferol) were identified. Plants of R. acetosa, in comparison with other studied species, were characterized by a lower content of the studied groups of phenolic compounds, with the exception of hydroxycinnamic acids, the content of which in this species was comparable to the content of flavonoids. The maximum content of catechins was found in R. sanguineus; proanthocyanidins—in R. sanguineus, R. obtusifolius, and R. crispus; and tannins—in R. obtusifolius. Extracts from R. crispus were characterized by high antioxidant activity, measured by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. In addition, the assessment of the phenolic profile of the plant made it possible to group the plants within the framework of cluster analysis. The distribution pattern in the clusters corresponded to the generally accepted taxonomy, with a characteristic division into subgenera (Acetosa, Acetosella, and Rumex). Thus, the phenolic profile can be considered as an additional instrumental approach when drawing up a systematic hierarchy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Compounds from Plants with Antioxidant Properties)

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18 pages, 2054 KiB

Open AccessArticle

In Vitro Evaluation of Biological Activities of Canes and Pomace Extracts from Several Varieties of Vitis vinifera L. for Inclusion in Freeze-Drying Mouthwashes

by Anca Pop, Catalina Bogdan, Ionel Fizesan, Sonia Iurian, Rahela Carpa, Cecilia Bacali, Laurian Vlase, Daniela Benedec and Mirela L. Moldovan

Antioxidants 2022, 11(2), 218; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11020218 - 24 Jan 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3343

Abstract

In this study, the biological activities of four extracts from Vitis vinifera by-products: two pomace extracts, white (WPE) and red (RPE), a canes extract (CE), and their combination (CoE), were evaluated, to be included in freeze-drying mouthwashes formulations. The cytocompatibility and anticancerous potential [...] Read more.

In this study, the biological activities of four extracts from Vitis vinifera by-products: two pomace extracts, white (WPE) and red (RPE), a canes extract (CE), and their combination (CoE), were evaluated, to be included in freeze-drying mouthwashes formulations. The cytocompatibility and anticancerous potential of the four extracts were tested on three cancerous cell lines, as well as the cytoprotective activity against nicotine-induced cytotoxicity and the antioxidant potential determined on a human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) cell line. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory activity and the antimicrobial activity against several microorganisms from the oral microbiome were tested. Freeze-dried mouthwashes with CoE were prepared and characterized, both as lyophilizates and after reconstitution. The four tested extracts showed the highest cytotoxicity on MDA-kb2 cell line. The antioxidant potential was demonstrated for WPE, RPE, CE, and CoE, both in non-stimulated and H₂O₂ stimulated conditions. The four extracts reduced the levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1β) in a dose-dependent manner, confirming their anti-inflammatory activity. The antimicrobial activity of tested extracts was shown against pathogenic bacteria from the oral microbiome. Mouthwashes of CoE with poloxamer-407, xylitol, and different ratios of mannitol were prepared by freeze-drying leading to porous formulations with interesting mechanical properties and reconstitution times. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Compounds from Plants with Antioxidant Properties)

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22 pages, 3272 KiB

Open AccessArticle

LC-MS/HRMS Analysis, Anti-Cancer, Anti-Enzymatic and Anti-Oxidant Effects of Boerhavia diffusa Extracts: A Potential Raw Material for Functional Applications

by Kouadio Ibrahime Sinan, Uğur Akpulat, Afaf A. Aldahish, Yasemin Celik Altunoglu, Mehmet Cengiz Baloğlu, Dimitrina Zheleva-Dimitrova, Reneta Gevrenova, Devina Lobine, Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally, Ouattara Katinan Etienne, Gokhan Zengin, Shafi Mahmud and Raffaele Capasso

Antioxidants 2021, 10(12), 2003; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10122003 - 16 Dec 2021

Cited by 34 | Viewed by 5014

Abstract

Boerhavia diffusa is a great tropical plant and is widely used for various traditional purposes. In the present study, we examined the influence of solvents (dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol and infusion (water)) on chemical composition and biological capabilities of B. diffusa. An [...] Read more.

Boerhavia diffusa is a great tropical plant and is widely used for various traditional purposes. In the present study, we examined the influence of solvents (dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol and infusion (water)) on chemical composition and biological capabilities of B. diffusa. An UHPLC-HRMS method was used to determine the chemical characterization. The biological ability was examined for antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory and anti-cancer effects. To evaluate antioxidant effects, different chemical methods (ABTS, DPPH, CUPRAC, FRAP, metal chelating and phosphomolybdenum) were applied. With regard to enzyme inhibitory properties, cholinesterases, amylase, glucosidase and tyrosinase were used. The MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line was chosen to determine anticancer activity. Based on the UHPLC-HRMS analysis, 37 specialized metabolites were dereplicated and identified in the studied extracts. Results revealed the presence of 15 hydroxybenzoic, hydroxycinnamic, acylquinic acids, and their glycosides, one rotenoid, seven flavonoids, 12 fatty acids and two other glycosides. Among the tested extracts, the methanol extract showed a stronger antioxidant ability compared with other extracts. The methanol extract also showed the best inhibitory effects on tyrosinase and glucosidase. In the anti-cancer evaluation, the methanol extract showed stronger anticancer effects compared with water extract. In summary, our observations can contribute to the establishment of B. diffusa as a potential candidate for functional applications in the preparation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Compounds from Plants with Antioxidant Properties)

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18 pages, 1097 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Pearl Grey Shading Net Boosts the Accumulation of Total Carotenoids and Phenolic Compounds That Accentuate the Antioxidant Activity of Processing Tomato

by Luigi Formisano, Michele Ciriello, Christophe El-Nakhel, Milena Poledica, Giuseppe Starace, Giulia Graziani, Alberto Ritieni, Stefania De Pascale and Youssef Rouphael

Antioxidants 2021, 10(12), 1999; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10121999 - 15 Dec 2021

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3209

Abstract

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most consumed vegetables worldwide due to its low caloric intake and high fiber, minerals, and phenolic compounds, making it a high-quality functional food. However, fruit quality attributes can be affected by pre-harvest factors, especially [...] Read more.

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most consumed vegetables worldwide due to its low caloric intake and high fiber, minerals, and phenolic compounds, making it a high-quality functional food. However, fruit quality attributes can be affected by pre-harvest factors, especially environmental stresses. This research aimed to evaluate the influence of two shading nets (white net −30% and pearl grey net −40% shading degree) on the yield and phytochemical profile of tomato fruits grown in summer under the Mediterranean climate. Mineral and organic acid content (by ion chromatography-IC), phenolic profile (by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-UHPLC coupled with an Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry-HRMS), carotenoid content (by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection-HPLC-DAD), and antioxidant activities DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP (by UV-VIS spectrophotometry) were determined. Tomato fruits grown under the pearl grey net recorded the highest values of total phenolic compounds (14,997 µg 100 g⁻¹ of fresh weight) and antioxidant activities DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP, without affecting either fruit color or marketable yield. The reduction of solar radiation through pearl grey nets proved to be an excellent tool to increase the phytochemical quality of tomato fruits during summer cultivation in a Mediterranean environment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Compounds from Plants with Antioxidant Properties)

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17 pages, 1955 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Variation in Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Various Organs of African Cabbage (Cleome gynandra L.) Accessions at Different Growth Stages

by Sylvia Maina, Da Hye Ryu, Gaymary Bakari, Gerald Misinzo, Chu Won Nho and Ho-Youn Kim

Antioxidants 2021, 10(12), 1952; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10121952 - 6 Dec 2021

Cited by 31 | Viewed by 4620

Abstract

The presence of nutritional and health-benefiting compounds has increased awareness of orphan leafy vegetables such as Cleome gynandra (CG), whose phytochemicals vary among accessions and organs during growth. This study investigated the polyphenol accumulation and antioxidant activities (AOA) of eight CG accessions from [...] Read more.

The presence of nutritional and health-benefiting compounds has increased awareness of orphan leafy vegetables such as Cleome gynandra (CG), whose phytochemicals vary among accessions and organs during growth. This study investigated the polyphenol accumulation and antioxidant activities (AOA) of eight CG accessions from the vegetative stage to the seed set stage. Plants were separated into leaves and stem (LS), flowers, and silique organs, and extracts were analyzed for total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), rutin and astragalin content, and AOA using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS). There were significant interaction effects of growth stages and accessions that contributed to changes in compounds content and AOA. TPC accumulated in plant generative parts, whereas flavonoids accumulated in young plant organs. HPLC profiling revealed that rutin was the most abundant compound in all organs, with flowers having the highest levels, while astragalin was only found in flowers. Silique extracts, particularly accession KF-14, recorded the highest TPC, which corresponded to the strongest radical scavenging activity in ABTS and DPPH assays and a strong linear correlation. The germplasm contained accessions with significantly different and varying levels of bioactive compounds and AOA. These findings potentiate the exploitation of CG organs such as siliques for AOA, flowers for rutin and astragalin, and young shoots for flavonoids. Moreover, the significant accumulation of the compounds in particular accessions of the germplasms suggest that such superior accessions may be useful candidates in genetic breeding programs to improve CG vegetable. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Compounds from Plants with Antioxidant Properties)

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19 pages, 18297 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of Germination Time on Resveratrol, Phenolic Acids, and Antioxidant Capacities of Different Varieties of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea Linn.) from China

by Ziying Zhou, Zhili Fan, Maninder Meenu and Baojun Xu

Antioxidants 2021, 10(11), 1714; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10111714 - 27 Oct 2021

Cited by 21 | Viewed by 4140

Abstract

In China, peanut sprouts are popular among consumers as functional vegetables. This study reports the change in total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), monomeric anthocyanin content (MAC), vitamin C, trans-resveratrol content, antioxidant capacities, and phenolic profile of three different varieties [...] Read more.

In China, peanut sprouts are popular among consumers as functional vegetables. This study reports the change in total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), monomeric anthocyanin content (MAC), vitamin C, trans-resveratrol content, antioxidant capacities, and phenolic profile of three different varieties of peanut during 8 days of germination. The TPC, TFC, and antioxidant capacity of peanut samples were reduced and then increased with an increase in germination time. TFC values were highly correlated with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) values. MAC values of peanuts were first increased and then decreased during 8 days of germination. The TFC, DPPH, and FRAP values of germinated peanuts were lower compared to the non-germinated peanut. Germination of peanut samples enhanced the total phenolic acids and trans-resveratrol content, but the vitamin C content of peanut sprouts was lower than ungerminated peanuts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Compounds from Plants with Antioxidant Properties)

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Review

Jump to: Research

20 pages, 710 KiB

Open AccessReview

Potential Implications of Natural Antioxidants of Plant Origin on Oxidative Stability of Chicken Albumen during Storage: A Review

by Uchechukwu Edna Obianwuna, Vivian U. Oleforuh-Okoleh, Jing Wang, Hai-Jun Zhang, Guang-Hai Qi, Kai Qiu and Shu-Geng Wu

Antioxidants 2022, 11(4), 630; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11040630 - 25 Mar 2022

Cited by 23 | Viewed by 4454

Abstract

Enhanced albumen quality is reflected in increased thick albumen height, albumen weight, and Haugh unit value, while the antimicrobial, antioxidant, foaming, gelling, viscosity, and elasticity attributes are retained. Improved albumen quality is of benefit to consumers and to the food and health industries. [...] Read more.

Enhanced albumen quality is reflected in increased thick albumen height, albumen weight, and Haugh unit value, while the antimicrobial, antioxidant, foaming, gelling, viscosity, and elasticity attributes are retained. Improved albumen quality is of benefit to consumers and to the food and health industries. Egg quality often declines during storage because eggs are highly perishable products and are most often not consumed immediately after oviposition. This review provides insights into albumen quality in terms of changes in albumen structure during storage, the influence of storage time and temperature, and the mitigation effects of natural dietary antioxidants of plant origin. During storage, albumen undergoes various physiochemical changes: loss of moisture and gaseous products through the shell pores and breakdown of carbonic acid, which induces albumen pH increases. High albumen pH acts as a catalyst for structural changes in albumen, including degradation of the β-ovomucin subunit and O-glycosidic bonds, collapse of the ovomucin-lysozyme complex, and decline in albumen protein–protein interactions. These culminate in declined albumen quality, characterized by the loss of albumen proteins, such as ovomucin, destabilized foaming and gelling capacity, decreased antimicrobial activity, albumen liquefaction, and reduced viscosity and elasticity. These changes and rates of albumen decline are more conspicuous at ambient temperature compared to low temperatures. Thus, albumen of poor quality due to the loss of functional and biological properties cannot be harnessed as a functional food, as an ingredient in food processing industries, and for its active compounds for drug creation in the health industry. The use of refrigerators, coatings, and thermal and non-thermal treatments to preserve albumen quality during storage are limited by huge financial costs, the skilled operations required, environmental pollution, and residue and toxicity effects. Nutritional interventions, including supplementation with natural antioxidants of plant origin in the diets of laying hens, have a promising potential as natural shelf-life extenders. Since they are safe, without residue effects, the bioactive compounds could be transferred to the egg. Natural antioxidants of plant origin have been found to increase albumen radical scavenging activity, increase the total antioxidant capacity of albumen, reduce the protein carbonyl and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of albumen, and prevent oxidative damage to the magnum, thereby eliminating the transfer of toxins to the egg. These products are targeted towards attenuating oxidative species and inhibiting or slowing down the rates of lipid and protein peroxidation, thereby enhancing egg quality and extending the shelf life of albumen. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Compounds from Plants with Antioxidant Properties)

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17 pages, 3089 KiB

Open AccessReview

Dietary Polyphenols as Therapeutic Intervention for Alzheimer’s Disease: A Mechanistic Insight

by Syed Nasir Abbas Bukhari

Antioxidants 2022, 11(3), 554; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11030554 - 15 Mar 2022

Cited by 37 | Viewed by 5348

Abstract

Dietary polyphenols encompass a diverse range of secondary metabolites found in nature, such as fruits, vegetables, herbal teas, wine, and cocoa products, etc. Structurally, they are either derivatives or isomers of phenol acid, isoflavonoids and possess hidden health promoting characteristics, such as antioxidative, [...] Read more.

Dietary polyphenols encompass a diverse range of secondary metabolites found in nature, such as fruits, vegetables, herbal teas, wine, and cocoa products, etc. Structurally, they are either derivatives or isomers of phenol acid, isoflavonoids and possess hidden health promoting characteristics, such as antioxidative, anti-aging, anti-cancerous and many more. The use of such polyphenols in combating the neuropathological war raging in this generation is currently a hotly debated topic. Lately, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is emerging as the most common neuropathological disease, destroying the livelihoods of millions in one way or another. Any therapeutic intervention to curtail its advancement in the generation to come has been in vain to date. Using dietary polyphenols to construct the barricade around it is going to be an effective strategy, taking into account their hidden potential to counter multifactorial events taking place under such pathology. Besides their strong antioxidant properties, naturally occurring polyphenols are reported to have neuroprotective effects by modulating the Aβ biogenesis pathway in Alzheimer’s disease. Thus, in this review, I am focusing on unlocking the hidden secrets of dietary polyphenols and their mechanistic advantages to fight the war with AD and related pathology. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Compounds from Plants with Antioxidant Properties)

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30 pages, 3469 KiB

Open AccessReview

Exploring the Use of Iris Species: Antioxidant Properties, Phytochemistry, Medicinal and Industrial Applications

by Sohaib Khatib, Cecilia Faraloni and Latifa Bouissane

Antioxidants 2022, 11(3), 526; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11030526 - 9 Mar 2022

Cited by 26 | Viewed by 10507

Abstract

The genus Iris from the Iridaceae family consists of more than 262 recognized species. It is an ornamental and medicinal plant widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere. Iris species convey a long history as valuable traditional drugs with a wide variety of applications [...] Read more.

The genus Iris from the Iridaceae family consists of more than 262 recognized species. It is an ornamental and medicinal plant widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere. Iris species convey a long history as valuable traditional drugs with a wide variety of applications in various cultures, having been recorded since medieval times. Currently, Iris spp. still find application in numerous fields, including cosmetics, pharmaceutics and the food industry. Moreover, many of their empirical uses have been validated by in vitro and in vivo studies, showing that Iris spp. exhibit potent antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective and anti-microbial properties. Phytochemicals investigations have revealed that the plant extracts are rich in phenolic compounds, especially flavonoids and phenolic acids. As such, they constitute a promising lead for seeking new drugs with high susceptibilities towards various health issues, particularly oxidative-stress-related diseases such as cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, etc. Herein, we present a literature review of the genus Iris intending to determine the plant’s chemical profile and establish a coherent overview of the biological applications of the plant extracts with reference to their traditional uses. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Compounds from Plants with Antioxidant Properties)

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