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Applied Sciences
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Feature Review Papers in Section Applied Biosciences and Bioengineering
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Feature Review Papers in Section Applied Biosciences and Bioengineering

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Biosciences and Bioengineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 9060

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Francesco Cappello

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
Interests: cell differentiation; tissue homeostasis; organ remodeling; cell stress; chaperones; heat shock proteins; chaperonopathies; exosomes
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Stefano Burgio

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
Interests: human anatomy, histology and embryology; oncology; advanced diagnostics; carcinogenesis; immunomorphology; extracellular vesicles; exosomes; heat shock proteins; molecular chaperons; chaperonins; chaperonopathies; chaperonotherapy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

This Special Issue “Feature Review Papers in Section Applied Biosciences and Bioengineering” will collect review papers in all the areas of interest covered by “Applied Biosciences and Bioengineering” (https://www.mdpi.com/journal/applsci/sections/Applied_Biosciences_Bioengineering).

We welcome multidisciplinary research in the following fields: advanced diagnostics, anatomy and histology, biochemistry, bioinformatics, biomaterials, biomechanics, biomedicine, biorobotics, biosensors, biosignal processing, biotechnology, cardiac bioengineering, clinical bioengineering, drug delivery, genetics, immunology and microbiology, life science, neural bioengineering, neuroscience, oncobiology, physiology, pulmonary bioengineering, tissue engineering, etc.

Prof. Dr. Francesco Cappello
Guest Editor

Dr. Stefano Burgio
Co-Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 4986 KiB  
Article
On the Finite Element Modeling of the Lumbar Spine: A Schematic Review
by Vincenza Sciortino, Salvatore Pasta, Tommaso Ingrassia and Donatella Cerniglia
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 958; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13020958 - 10 Jan 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2047
Abstract
Finite element modelling of the lumbar spine is a challenging problem. Lower back pain is among the most common pathologies in the global populations, owing to which the patient may need to undergo surgery. The latter may differ in nature and complexity because [...] Read more.
Finite element modelling of the lumbar spine is a challenging problem. Lower back pain is among the most common pathologies in the global populations, owing to which the patient may need to undergo surgery. The latter may differ in nature and complexity because of spinal disease and patient contraindications (i.e., aging). Today, the understanding of spinal column biomechanics may lead to better comprehension of the disease progression as well as to the development of innovative therapeutic strategies. Better insight into the spine’s biomechanics would certainly guarantee an evolution of current device-based treatments. In this setting, the computational approach appears to be a remarkable tool for simulating physiological and pathological spinal conditions, as well as for various aspects of surgery. Patient-specific computational simulations are constantly evolving, and require a number of validation and verification challenges to be overcome before they can achieve true and accurate results. The aim of the present schematic review is to provide an overview of the evolution and recent advances involved in computational finite element modelling (FEM) of spinal biomechanics and of the fundamental knowledge necessary to develop the best modeling approach in terms of trustworthiness and reliability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Review Papers in Section Applied Biosciences and Bioengineering)
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Review

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13 pages, 500 KiB  
Review
Technique Variables Associated with Fast Bowling Performance: A Systematic-Narrative Review
by Shruti Bhandurge, Peter Alway, Sam Allen, Glen Blenkinsop and Mark King
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(15), 6752; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14156752 - 2 Aug 2024
Viewed by 426
Abstract
The performance characteristics of fast bowling include high ball release speed, that reduces the shot execution time of the batter, accuracy, ensuring the ball follows the desired trajectory, and deception. This can lead the batter to misjudge the ball speed or path. Previous [...] Read more.
The performance characteristics of fast bowling include high ball release speed, that reduces the shot execution time of the batter, accuracy, ensuring the ball follows the desired trajectory, and deception. This can lead the batter to misjudge the ball speed or path. Previous research has utilised a variety of biomechanical methodologies in order to further understand fast bowling techniques. The aim of this study was to systematically review biomechanical literature related to cricket fast bowling performance and narratively synthesise findings to provide a comprehensive summary of key performance characteristics. The articles were finalised according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, CINAHL, SPORT Discus and Web of Science databases were searched and assessed by title, abstract, full-text and a bibliography assessment of included full-text articles. The search strategy included keywords of cricket fast bowling, biomechanics and performance analysis. A validated scale was developed to evaluate the quality of studies and risk of bias. Across the 15 studies finalised for the review (from 2000--2022), there was consensus in some of the characteristics reported to be associated with ball release speed; however, there was disagreement or limited evidence for others. A faster run-up, efficient and sequential transfer of linear to angular momentum, quick deceleration during the delivery stride with an extended front knee from front foot contact to ball release and delaying the bowling arm leading to ball release were the major techniques variables consensually associated with ball release speed. The lack of standardisation of cohort ability and protocols may have contributed to contradictory findings across studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Review Papers in Section Applied Biosciences and Bioengineering)
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19 pages, 349 KiB  
Review
The Role of Microorganisms and Their Antibacterial Compounds in Food Biopreservation
by Barbara Sionek, Aleksandra Szydłowska and Danuta Kołożyn-Krajewska
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(13), 5557; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14135557 - 26 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1210
Abstract
The increase in the nutritional awareness of consumers has meant that products with high nutritional value, sensory attractiveness, and safety are currently being sought on the market. One of the aspects in which the innovativeness of a food product can be considered is [...] Read more.
The increase in the nutritional awareness of consumers has meant that products with high nutritional value, sensory attractiveness, and safety are currently being sought on the market. One of the aspects in which the innovativeness of a food product can be considered is the preservation method. Fermentation is considered one of the oldest methods. In practice, biopreservation is primarily a method of using non-pathogenic microorganisms and/or their metabolites to increase microbiological safety and extend food shelf life. Advances in microbiology and genetic engineering, taking into account various sources of microbiota isolation, have rediscovered the fermentation process and allowed us to obtain innovative functional products. Recently, bacteriocins have gained importance. For many years, they have been applied as biopreservatives in food manufacturing, alone or in combination with other preservatives. The most promising perspective of food preservation seems to be the development of combined systems including natural preservatives (i.e., bacteriocin and lipopeptides), emerging non-thermal technologies, and other methods such as encapsulation nanotechnology and active packaging. In this paper, a narrative review is presented to analyze the most recently published literature regarding the role of microorganisms and microbial produced antibacterial compounds in food biopreservation. New biopreservation technologies as an alternative to artificial preservatives were also discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Review Papers in Section Applied Biosciences and Bioengineering)
17 pages, 3787 KiB  
Review
Quantitative Assessment of Upper-Limb Volume: Implications for Lymphedema Rehabilitation?
by Lorenzo Lippi, Alessio Turco, Stefano Moalli, Mauro Nascimben, Claudio Curci, Alessandro de Sire, Lia Rimondini and Marco Invernizzi
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(17), 9810; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13179810 - 30 Aug 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1475
Abstract
Upper-limb lymphedema is a chronic condition characterized by the accumulation of lymphatic fluid in the arm or hand, resulting in swelling and functional impairment. The accurate and reliable volumetric assessment of limb volume is crucial for the correct management of lymphedema. This narrative [...] Read more.
Upper-limb lymphedema is a chronic condition characterized by the accumulation of lymphatic fluid in the arm or hand, resulting in swelling and functional impairment. The accurate and reliable volumetric assessment of limb volume is crucial for the correct management of lymphedema. This narrative review provides an overview of the different methods proposed in the literature for the volumetric assessment of upper-limb lymphedema. In more detail, several methods of volumetric assessment have been proposed in recent years, including water displacement, the centimetric method, perometry, bioimpedance spectroscopy, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and three-dimensional laser scanning techniques. On the other hand, each method is characterized by specific strengths and limitations in terms of accuracy, reliability, practicality, and cost-effectiveness. Moreover, factors including operator experience, equipment availability, and patient population characteristics might have several implications in the optimal assessment of upper-limb volume. In this context, a precise volumetric assessment is crucial to improving the rehabilitation framework, patient education, and research outcomes. As a result, the integration of emerging technologies is needed to improve the tailored management of patients with upper-limb lymphedema. In conclusion, volumetric assessment methods provide valuable insights in the management of upper-limb lymphedema, improving patient care, treatment outcomes, and research advancements. Future research should focus on testing these innovative solutions on larger samples of patients to enhance the reproducibility, accuracy, accessibility, and clinical utility of volumetric assessment methods in the complex treatment framework of upper-limb lymphedema. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Review Papers in Section Applied Biosciences and Bioengineering)
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Other

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17 pages, 14340 KiB  
Systematic Review
A Systematic Review of Computational Fluid Dynamics Models in the Stomach and Small Intestine
by Nadun Palmada, Saeed Hosseini, Recep Avci, John E. Cater, Vinod Suresh and Leo K. Cheng
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(10), 6092; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13106092 - 16 May 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2680
Abstract
The use of in silico models to improve our understanding of the fluid dynamics within the gastrointestinal tract has increased over the last few decades. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is an in silico technique that can be used to characterize and model the [...] Read more.
The use of in silico models to improve our understanding of the fluid dynamics within the gastrointestinal tract has increased over the last few decades. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is an in silico technique that can be used to characterize and model the fluid mechanics driving the digestion of food and absorption of nutrients. This systematic review outlines the current methodologies used to develop CFD models of the stomach and small intestine, and summarizes the flow and mixing patterns predicted from these models. A literature search was conducted on Scopus, and 15 stomach CFD studies and 15 small intestine CFD studies were included in this review after the literature selection and exclusion process. Two primary flow patterns; retropulsive flow and recirculation regions, were identified within the stomach CFD models. The flow patterns within the small intestine were depended on the type of motility pattern present. The shortcomings of the current models are discussed, and considerations for future gastric and intestinal flow modeling are provided. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Review Papers in Section Applied Biosciences and Bioengineering)
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