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Nutrients
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Precision Nutrition and Human Health
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Precision Nutrition and Human Health

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Public Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 December 2024 | Viewed by 4973

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Maria Luz Fernandez

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
Interests: lipoprotein metabolism; functional foods; eggs; metabolic syndrome; diabetes
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Catherine J. Andersen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
Interests: HDL; lipoproteins; lipid metabolism; immune function; inflammation; functional foods; human nutrition
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Precision nutrition, a relatively novel area of research, addresses individualized characteristics and utilizes cutting-edge assessment tools to promote a healthier life and decrease the risk of developing a chronic disease. Precision nutrition approaches have the potential to improve upon or replace current blanket recommendations or one-size-fits-all concepts, which may be detrimental for certain populations. The discovery of gene variants, associated with ethnicity or race, has provided important information related to gene–diet interactions. Further, research suggests that diet responses and health outcomes may also be influenced by sex-specific differences, age and life stage, unique microbiome profiles, metabolic status, etc. Thus, precision nutrition will play a key role in future recommendations for protecting individuals against chronic disease.

This Special Issue will focus on “Precision Nutrition” insofar as it pertains to most novel information regarding gene–diet interactions and population-specific diet responses and how this relates to chronic disease. We are interested in original research that focuses on the identification of novel gene–diet interactions and individualized diet responses, as well as data that confirm gene–diet interactions and precision nutrition evidence that has previously been established. Well-designed meta-analyses, comprehensive reviews, and evaluations of specific biomarkers related to this topic are also welcome.

Prof. Dr. Maria Luz Fernandez
Dr. Catherine J. Andersen
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • precision nutrition
  • gene–diet interactions
  • nutrigenetics
  • nutrigenomics
  • individualized diet responses
  • microbiome profiles
  • sex differences
  • aging and life stage
  • precision nutrition biomarkers
  • precision nutrition assessment tools

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 2431 KiB  
Article
Optimal Pair Matching Combined with Machine Learning Predicts a Significant Reduction in Myocardial Infarction Risk in African Americans Following Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation
by Shudong Sun, Aki Hara, Laurel Johnstone, Brian Hallmark, Joseph C. Watkins, Cynthia A. Thomson, Susan M. Schembre, Susan Sergeant, Jason G. Umans, Guang Yao, Hao Helen Zhang and Floyd H. Chilton
Nutrients 2024, 16(17), 2933; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16172933 - 2 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1062
Abstract
Conflicting clinical trial results on omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 HUFA) have prompted uncertainty about their cardioprotective effects. While the VITAL trial found no overall cardiovascular benefit from n-3 HUFA supplementation, its substantial African American (AfAm) enrollment provided a unique opportunity to [...] Read more.
Conflicting clinical trial results on omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 HUFA) have prompted uncertainty about their cardioprotective effects. While the VITAL trial found no overall cardiovascular benefit from n-3 HUFA supplementation, its substantial African American (AfAm) enrollment provided a unique opportunity to explore racial differences in response to n-3 HUFA supplementation. The current observational study aimed to simulate randomized clinical trial (RCT) conditions by matching 3766 AfAm and 15,553 non-Hispanic White (NHW) individuals from the VITAL trial utilizing propensity score matching to address the limitations related to differences in confounding variables between the two groups. Within matched groups (3766 AfAm and 3766 NHW), n-3 HUFA supplementation’s impact on myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality was assessed. A weighted decision tree analysis revealed belonging to the n-3 supplementation group as the most significant predictor of MI among AfAm but not NHW. Further logistic regression using the LASSO method and bootstrap estimation of standard errors indicated n-3 supplementation significantly lowered MI risk in AfAm (OR 0.17, 95% CI [0.048, 0.60]), with no such effect in NHW. This study underscores the critical need for future RCT to explore racial disparities in MI risk associated with n-3 HUFA supplementation and highlights potential causal differences between supplementation health outcomes in AfAm versus NHW populations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Precision Nutrition and Human Health)
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16 pages, 11576 KiB  
Article
Precision or Personalized Nutrition: A Bibliometric Analysis
by Daniel Hinojosa-Nogueira, Alba Subiri-Verdugo, Cristina Mª Díaz-Perdigones, Alba Rodríguez-Muñoz, Alberto Vilches-Pérez, Virginia Mela, Francisco J. Tinahones and Isabel Moreno-Indias
Nutrients 2024, 16(17), 2922; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16172922 - 1 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1237
Abstract
Food systems face the challenge of maintaining adequate nutrition for all populations. Inter-individual responses to the same diet have made precision or personalized nutrition (PN) an emerging and relevant topic. The aim of this study is to analyze the evolution of the PN [...] Read more.
Food systems face the challenge of maintaining adequate nutrition for all populations. Inter-individual responses to the same diet have made precision or personalized nutrition (PN) an emerging and relevant topic. The aim of this study is to analyze the evolution of the PN field, identifying the principal actors and topics, and providing a comprehensive overview. Therefore, a bibliometric analysis of the scientific research available through the Web of Science (WOS) database was performed, revealing 2148 relevant papers up to June 2024. VOSviewer and the WOS platform were employed for the processing and analysis, and included an evaluation of diverse data such as country, author or most frequent keywords, among others. The analysis revealed a period of exponential growth from 2015 to 2023, with the USA, Spain, and England as the top contributors. The field of “Nutrition and Dietetics” is particularly significant, comprising nearly 33% of the total publications. The most highly cited institutions are the universities of Tufts, College Dublin, and Navarra. The relationship between nutrition, genetics, and omics sciences, along with dietary intervention studies, has been a defining factor in the evolution of PN. In conclusion, PN represents a promising field of research with significant potential for further advancement and growth. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Precision Nutrition and Human Health)
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Review

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18 pages, 850 KiB  
Review
Personalized Nutrition with Banked Human Milk for Early Gut Microbiota Development: In Pursuit of the Perfect Match
by Emilia Hick, Marta Suárez, Alejandra Rey, Laura Mantecón, Nuria Fernández, Gonzalo Solís, Miguel Gueimonde and Silvia Arboleya
Nutrients 2024, 16(13), 1976; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16131976 - 21 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1956
Abstract
The correct initial colonization and establishment of the gut microbiota during the early stages of life is a key step, with long-lasting consequences throughout the entire lifespan of the individual. This process is affected by several perinatal factors; among them, feeding mode is [...] Read more.
The correct initial colonization and establishment of the gut microbiota during the early stages of life is a key step, with long-lasting consequences throughout the entire lifespan of the individual. This process is affected by several perinatal factors; among them, feeding mode is known to have a critical role. Breastfeeding is the optimal nutrition for neonates; however, it is not always possible, especially in cases of prematurity or early pathology. In such cases, most commonly babies are fed with infant formulas in spite of the official nutritional and health international organizations’ recommendation on the use of donated human milk through milk banks for these cases. However, donated human milk still does not totally match maternal milk in terms of infant growth and gut microbiota development. The present review summarizes the practices of milk banks and hospitals regarding donated human milk, its safety and quality, and the health outcomes in infants fed with donated human milk. Additionally, we explore different alternatives to customize pasteurized donated human milk with the aim of finding the perfect match between each baby and banked milk for promoting the establishment of a beneficial gut microbiota from the early stages of life. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Precision Nutrition and Human Health)
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