Nutrients

Editorial

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2 pages, 191 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Editorial of Special Issue “Diet and Nutrition during Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy”

by Peter Meade Anderson

Nutrients 2022, 14(12), 2422; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14122422 - 10 Jun 2022

Viewed by 2135

Abstract

Diet and nutrition during chemotherapy and radiotherapy can be quite challenging for the cancer patient and their caregivers [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition during Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy)

Research

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20 pages, 742 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Early Nutritional Intervention to Promote Healthy Eating Habits in Pediatric Oncology: A Feasibility Study

by Véronique Bélanger, Josianne Delorme, Mélanie Napartuk, Isabelle Bouchard, Caroline Meloche, Daniel Curnier, Serge Sultan, Caroline Laverdière, Daniel Sinnett and Valérie Marcil

Nutrients 2022, 14(5), 1024; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14051024 - 28 Feb 2022

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3045

Abstract

This study aims to describe the feasibility of a nutritional intervention that promotes healthy eating habits early after cancer pediatric diagnosis in patients and their parents. Participants were recruited 4 to 12 weeks after cancer diagnosis as part of the VIE study. The [...] Read more.

This study aims to describe the feasibility of a nutritional intervention that promotes healthy eating habits early after cancer pediatric diagnosis in patients and their parents. Participants were recruited 4 to 12 weeks after cancer diagnosis as part of the VIE study. The one-year nutritional intervention included an initial evaluation and 6 follow-up visits every 2 months with a registered dietician. The feasibility assessment included rates of retention, participation, attendance, completion of study measures, and participants’ engagement. A preliminary evaluation of the intervention's impact on the participants’ dietary intakes was conducted. A total of 62 participants were included in the study (51.6% male, mean age = 8.5 years, mean time since diagnosis = 13.2 weeks). The retention and attendance rates were 72.6% and 71.3%, respectively. Attendance to follow-up visits declined over time, from 83.9% to 48.9%. A majority of participants had high participation (50.8%) and high engagement (56.4%). Measures of body-mass-index or weight-for-length ratio and dietary 24-h recalls were the procedures with the highest completion rates. Participants with refractory disease or relapse were less likely to complete the intervention. Post-intervention, participants (n = 21) had a lower sodium intake compared to the initial evaluation. These results suggest that a nutritional intervention that involves patients and parents early after a pediatric cancer diagnosis is feasible. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition during Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy)

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9 pages, 368 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Weight Loss in Post-Chemoradiotherapy Head and Neck Cancer Patients

by Zalina Abu Zaid, May Kay Neoh, Zulfitri Azuan Mat Daud, Nor Baizura Md Yusop, Zuriati Ibrahim, Zuwariah Abdul Rahman, Norshariza Jamhuri and Aishah Zafirah Abdul Azim

Nutrients 2022, 14(3), 548; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14030548 - 27 Jan 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2861

Abstract

Background: Weight loss is well-known among head and neck (HNC) patients during radiotherapy and could continue after the treatment is completed. Weight monitoring is essential for treatment outcomes and cancer surveillance. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the weight loss during [...] Read more.

Background: Weight loss is well-known among head and neck (HNC) patients during radiotherapy and could continue after the treatment is completed. Weight monitoring is essential for treatment outcomes and cancer surveillance. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the weight loss during and post-treatment among HNC patients. Methods: A total of 45 out of 50 patients post-treatment were included in this secondary treatment. Data were collected at baseline, at the completion of radiotherapy and one month after completion of radiotherapy. Results: The mean weight loss was 4.53 ± 2.87 kg (7.4%) during treatment and 1.38 ± 2.65 kg (2.1%) post-treatment. There were significant improvements one month after completion of radiotherapy in Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PGSGA), muscle mass, nutrition impact symptoms (NIS) score, energy and protein from oral intake (p < 0.0001). Energy and protein from oral nutritional supplements (ONS) decreased significantly (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: The results of this study underline the importance of early identification and monitoring post-treatment in HNC patients. The post-treatment recovery stage is very important for HNC patients to ensure a healing process. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition during Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy)

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10 pages, 1510 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Pancreatic Cancer Prognosis, Malnutrition Risk, and Quality of Life: A Cross-Sectional Study

by Kalliopi-Anna Poulia, Dimitra Antoniadou, Panagiotis Sarantis and Michalis V. Karamouzis

Nutrients 2022, 14(3), 442; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14030442 - 19 Jan 2022

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2536

Abstract

The present cross-sectional prospective study (from January 2017 until December 2020) aimed to evaluate the interrelation between nutritional parameters at the initial evaluation with the changes in QOL indicators and the Progression-Free Survival and Overall Survival in 97 patients with pancreatic cancer. Dietary [...] Read more.

The present cross-sectional prospective study (from January 2017 until December 2020) aimed to evaluate the interrelation between nutritional parameters at the initial evaluation with the changes in QOL indicators and the Progression-Free Survival and Overall Survival in 97 patients with pancreatic cancer. Dietary and nutritional risk assessments, and an evaluation of Frailty and Functional Status were performed. Health-related Quality of Life was evaluated with the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire. Nutritional risk, as evaluated by MNA-SF score, was negatively associated with age (p = 0.003) and positively associated with dynamometry (p = 0.001). In addition, there was a statistically significant difference in the financial difficulties (p = 0.049). OS and PFS were found to decrease in patients who reported having increased fatigue (OS p = 0.007 and PFS p = 0.044). Moreover, higher prevalence of constipation resulted in lower OS and PFS (OS p < 0.001 and PFS p < 0.001) and increased reporting of gastrointestinal problems during the 3 months was connected with lower survival (OS p = 0.017). According to the analysis, our patients were found to have lower OS and PFS, stressing out the necessity to provide early identification and management to symptoms of the disease that could compromise nutritional status. The provision of nutritional advice and guidance is of major importance for patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition during Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy)

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13 pages, 1159 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Concentrations of Insulin-like Growth Factors and Insulin-like Growth Factor-Binding Proteins and Respective Gene Expressions in Children before and after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

by Wojciech Strojny, Wojciech Czogała, Przemysław Tomasik, Mirosław Bik-Multanowski, Małgorzata Wójcik, Klaudia Miklusiak, Karol Miklusiak, Przemysław Hałubiec and Szymon Skoczeń

Nutrients 2021, 13(12), 4333; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13124333 - 30 Nov 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1755

Abstract

Insulin-like growth factors (IGF-1 and IGF-2) and insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (IGFBP-1 to -7) are involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation and may be associated with various metabolic parameters. The aim of our study was to compare levels of IGFs [...] Read more.

Insulin-like growth factors (IGF-1 and IGF-2) and insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (IGFBP-1 to -7) are involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation and may be associated with various metabolic parameters. The aim of our study was to compare levels of IGFs and IGFBPs and the expressions of their genes in children before and after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) to assess their potential as markers of late metabolic complications of HSCT. We also conducted additional comparisons with healthy controls and of correlations of IGF and IGFBP levels with anthropometric and biochemical parameters. We analyzed 19 children treated with HSCT and 21 healthy controls. We found no significant differences in the levels of IGFs and IGFBPs and expressions of their genes before and after HSCT, while IGF and IGFBP levels were significantly lower in children treated with HSCT compared with controls. We conclude that our results did not reveal significant differences between the levels of IGFs and IGFBPs before and after HSCT, which would make them obvious candidates for markers of late complications of the procedure in children. However, due to the very low number of patients this conclusion must be taken with caution and may be altered by further research. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition during Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy)

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17 pages, 899 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dietary Antioxidant Capacity Promotes a Protective Effect against Exacerbated Oxidative Stress in Women Undergoing Adjuvant Treatment for Breast Cancer in a Prospective Study

by Luiza Kuhnen Reitz, Jaqueline Schroeder, Giana Zarbato Longo, Brunna Cristina Bremer Boaventura and Patricia Faria Di Pietro

Nutrients 2021, 13(12), 4324; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13124324 - 30 Nov 2021

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2924

Abstract

Breast cancer (Bca) is the most common type of cancer among women worldwide, and oxidative stress caused by adjuvant treatment may be decreased by antioxidant intake. The aim of this study is to investigate the associations between Dietary antioxidant Capacity (DaC) and oxidation [...] Read more.

Breast cancer (Bca) is the most common type of cancer among women worldwide, and oxidative stress caused by adjuvant treatment may be decreased by antioxidant intake. The aim of this study is to investigate the associations between Dietary antioxidant Capacity (DaC) and oxidation and antioxidant biomarkers in women undergoing adjuvant treatment (AT) for Bca. This prospective study had a sample of 70 women (52.2 ± 10.7 y). DaC (mmol/g) was calculated using nutritional data obtained from a Food Frequency Questionnaire, and blood was collected to measure the oxidation and antioxidant biomarkers at baseline (T0), and after AT (T1). Carbonylated protein levels were inversely associated with DaC at T1 (p = 0.004); women showed an increased risk of having increment on lipid hydroperoxides and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and decrement on ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and reduced glutathione after AT, in response to lowered DaC (p < 0.05). Carbonylated proteins, TBARS and FRAP levels remained stable between the periods for women at the 3rd DaC tertile at T1, differentiating them from those at the 1st tertile, who showed negative changes in these biomarkers (p < 0.04). DaC may be beneficial for women undergoing AT for Bca, since it promoted a reduction in oxidative stress. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition during Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy)

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17 pages, 557 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Beneficial Effects of Oral Nutritional Supplements on Body Composition and Biochemical Parameters in Women with Breast Cancer Undergoing Postoperative Chemotherapy: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis

by Joanna Grupińska, Magdalena Budzyń, Kalina Maćkowiak, Jacek Jakub Brzeziński, Witold Kycler, Ewa Leporowska, Bogna Gryszczyńska, Magdalena Paulina Kasprzak, Maria Iskra and Dorota Formanowicz

Nutrients 2021, 13(10), 3549; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13103549 - 10 Oct 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4548

Abstract

Aim: Recently, more attention has been paid to the role of nutritional intervention in preventing the side effects of chemotherapy in oncology patients. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of oral nutritional supplements on the body composition [...] Read more.

Aim: Recently, more attention has been paid to the role of nutritional intervention in preventing the side effects of chemotherapy in oncology patients. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of oral nutritional supplements on the body composition and biochemical parameters in women with breast cancer receiving postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. Patients and Methods: The study involved women diagnosed with breast cancer who underwent surgical treatment and were qualified for chemotherapy (doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide). Women were divided into two groups, depending on whether oral nutritional supplements were used during chemotherapy. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were analyzed twice in all patients: before and after six weeks of chemotherapy. Propensity score (PS) matching was performed to select patients balanced in terms of age, BMI, and clinicopathological features of the tumor. Statistical comparisons were conducted in a propensity-matched cohort of patients. Results: The value of BMI was maintained constant in the supplemented women older than 56 years after six weeks of chemotherapy. Regardless of age in the supplemented women, a significant increase in muscle mass, fat free mass (FFM), and fat free mass index (FFMI) was demonstrated. An increase in fat mass (FM) including visceral fat was observed only in the non-supplemented control. Regardless of age or initial FM, supplemented women exhibited a constant level of albumin. Moreover, in the supplemented women with normal initial FM, the stable values of triglycerides and HDL cholesterol were maintained after six weeks of chemotherapy. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that oral nutritional supplements could improve body composition and prevent hypoalbuminemia and lipid abnormalities in women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition during Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy)

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11 pages, 435 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Safety, Feasibility, and Effects of Short-Term Calorie Reduction during Induction Chemotherapy in Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Pilot Study

by Chia-Chun Tang, Tai-Chung Huang, Feng-Ming Tien, Jing-Meei Lin, Yi-Chen Yeh and Ching-Yi Lee

Nutrients 2021, 13(9), 3268; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13093268 - 19 Sep 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3441

Abstract

Short-term calorie reduction (SCR) requires individuals to reduce their calorie intake to less than 50% of normal requirements and has shown good tolerance and potential benefits in prior studies addressing gynecological cancer patients. More studies are needed to further confirm its safety, feasibility, [...] Read more.

Short-term calorie reduction (SCR) requires individuals to reduce their calorie intake to less than 50% of normal requirements and has shown good tolerance and potential benefits in prior studies addressing gynecological cancer patients. More studies are needed to further confirm its safety, feasibility, and effects in patients with different cancers, including hematological malignancies. This pilot cohort study with a matched-pair comparison group was registered at ClinicalTrails.gov [201810112RIND]. Adult patients diagnosed with advanced-stage diffuse large-B cell lymphoma were recruited (SCR group) and matched with one comparison patient (comparison group), each in a manner blinded to their outcomes. The SCR group undertook at least two cycles of 48 h water fast along with their chemotherapy R-CHOP. Descriptive analysis and generalized estimating equations were used to analyze the data. Six participants completed multiple cycles of SCR and were compared to their six counterparts in the comparison group. The results showed that SCR is safe and feasible in terms of a high compliance rate and stable nutritional status. The SCR was associated with benefits in post-chemotherapy hematological parameters (i.e., erythrocyte [p < 0.001] and lymphocyte counts [p < 0.001]). More randomized controlled trials are needed to validate the effects of SCR on different types of cancer populations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition during Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy)

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21 pages, 1958 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy Induces Body Composition Changes in Locally Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Comparison between Oral Cavity and Non-Oral Cavity Cancer

by Yu-Ching Lin, Hang Huong Ling, Pei-Hung Chang, Yi-Ping Pan, Cheng-Hsu Wang, Wen-Chi Chou, Fang-Ping Chen and Kun-Yun Yeh

Nutrients 2021, 13(9), 2969; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13092969 - 26 Aug 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1885

Abstract

Few prospective cohort trials have evaluated the difference in treatment-interval total body composition (TBC) changes assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) between two patient subgroups with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LAHNSCC) receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT): oral cavity cancer with [...] Read more.

Few prospective cohort trials have evaluated the difference in treatment-interval total body composition (TBC) changes assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) between two patient subgroups with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LAHNSCC) receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT): oral cavity cancer with adjuvant CCRT (OCC) and non-oral cavity with primary CCRT (NOCC). This study prospectively recruited patients with LAHNSCC. Clinicopathological variables, blood nutritional/inflammatory markers, CCRT-related factors, and TBC data assessed by DXA before and after treatment were collected. Multivariate linear regression analysis identified the factors associated with treatment-interval changes in body composition parameters, including lean body mass (LBM), total fat mass (TFM), and bone mineral content (BMC). A total of 127 patients (OCC (n = 69) and NOCC (n = 58)) were eligible. Body composition parameters were progressively lost during CCRT in both subgroups. Extremities lost more muscle mass than the trunk for LBM, whereas the trunk lost more fat mass than the extremities for TFM. BMC loss preferentially occurred in the trunk region. Different factors were independently correlated with the interval changes of each body composition parameter for both OCC and NOCC subgroups, particularly mean daily calorie intake for LBM and TFM loss, and total lymphocyte count for BMC loss. In conclusion, treatment-interval TBC changes and related contributing factors differ between the OCC and NOCC subgroups. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition during Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy)

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12 pages, 1299 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Association of Patient-Reported Outcomes and Nutrition with Body Composition in Women with Gynecologic Cancer Undergoing Post-Operative Pelvic Radiotherapy: An Observational Study

by Jie Lee, Tze-Chien Chen, Ya-Ting Jan, Chi-Jung Li, Yu-Jen Chen and Meng-Hao Wu

Nutrients 2021, 13(8), 2629; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13082629 - 29 Jul 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2575

Abstract

Pelvic radiotherapy is associated with gastrointestinal toxicities and deterioration of nutritional status. This study aimed to investigate the association of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and nutritional status with body composition changes in women who underwent hysterectomy and post-operative radiotherapy for gynecologic cancer. We analyzed [...] Read more.

Pelvic radiotherapy is associated with gastrointestinal toxicities and deterioration of nutritional status. This study aimed to investigate the association of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and nutritional status with body composition changes in women who underwent hysterectomy and post-operative radiotherapy for gynecologic cancer. We analyzed data of 210 patients treated with post-operative pelvic radiotherapy for gynecologic cancer between 2013 and 2018. The PRO version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (PRO-CTCAE) was used for gastrointestinal toxicity assessment. The Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) was used for nutritional assessment. Skeletal muscle index was measured from computed tomography scans at the L3 vertebral level. A reduction in skeletal muscle index ≥ 5% was classified as muscle loss. Odds ratios were calculated through logistic regression models. The PG-SGA score increased from the beginning to the end of radiotherapy (1.4 vs. 3.7, p < 0.001). Patients with PRO-CTCAE scores ≥ 3 had significantly higher PG-SGA scores at the end of radiotherapy than those with PRO-CTCAE scores ≤ 2 (8.1 vs. 2.3, p < 0.001). On multivariable analysis, PRO-CTCAE scores ≥ 3 and PG-SGA scores ≥ 4 at the end of radiotherapy were independently associated with increased risk of muscle loss (odds ratio: 8.81, p < 0.001; odds ratio: 72.96, p < 0.001, respectively). PROs and PG-SGA may be considered as markers of muscle loss after post-operative pelvic radiotherapy for gynecologic cancer. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition during Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy)

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12 pages, 684 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Prognostic Nutritional Index Predicts Toxicity in Head and Neck Cancer Patients Treated with Definitive Radiotherapy in Association with Chemotherapy

by Giuseppe Fanetti, Jerry Polesel, Elisabetta Fratta, Elena Muraro, Valentina Lupato, Salvatore Alfieri, Carlo Gobitti, Emilio Minatel, Fabio Matrone, Angela Caroli, Alberto Revelant, Marco Lionello, Viviana Zammattio Polentin, Andrea Ferretti, Roberto Guerrieri, Paola Chiovati, Andy Bertolin, Vittorio Giacomarra, Antonino De Paoli, Emanuela Vaccher, Giovanna Sartor, Agostino Steffan and Giovanni Franchin Show full author list Hide full author list

Nutrients 2021, 13(4), 1277; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041277 - 13 Apr 2021

Cited by 24 | Viewed by 3302

Abstract

Background: The Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) is a parameter of nutritional and inflammation status related to toxicity in cancer treatment. Since data for head and neck cancer are scanty, this study aims to investigate the association between PNI and acute and late toxicity [...] Read more.

Background: The Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) is a parameter of nutritional and inflammation status related to toxicity in cancer treatment. Since data for head and neck cancer are scanty, this study aims to investigate the association between PNI and acute and late toxicity for this malignancy. Methods: A retrospective cohort of 179 head and neck cancer patients treated with definitive radiotherapy with induction/concurrent chemotherapy was followed-up (median follow-up: 38 months) for toxicity and vital status between 2010 and 2017. PNI was calculated according to Onodera formula and low/high PNI levels were defined according to median value. Odds ratio (OR) for acute toxicity were calculated through logistic regression model; hazard ratios (HR) for late toxicity and survival were calculated through the Cox proportional hazards model. Results: median PNI was 50.0 (interquartile range: 45.5–53.5). Low PNI was associated with higher risk of weight loss > 10% during treatment (OR = 4.84, 95% CI: 1.73–13.53 for PNI < 50 versus PNI ≥ 50), which was in turn significantly associated with worse overall survival, and higher risk of late mucositis (HR = 1.84; 95% CI:1.09–3.12). PNI predicts acute weight loss >10% and late mucositis. Conclusions: PNI could help clinicians to identify patients undergoing radiotherapy who are at high risk of acute and late toxicity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition during Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy)

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Review

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19 pages, 1438 KiB

Open AccessReview

Strategies to Mitigate Chemotherapy and Radiation Toxicities That Affect Eating

by Peter M. Anderson, Stefanie M. Thomas, Shauna Sartoski, Jacob G. Scott, Kaitlin Sobilo, Sara Bewley, Laura K. Salvador and Maritza Salazar-Abshire

Nutrients 2021, 13(12), 4397; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13124397 - 8 Dec 2021

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4431

Abstract

Background: Cancer and its therapy is commonly associated with a variety of side effects that impact eating behaviors that reduce nutritional intake. This review will outline potential causes of chemotherapy and radiation damage as well as approaches for the amelioration of the side [...] Read more.

Background: Cancer and its therapy is commonly associated with a variety of side effects that impact eating behaviors that reduce nutritional intake. This review will outline potential causes of chemotherapy and radiation damage as well as approaches for the amelioration of the side effects of cancer during therapy. Methods: Information for clinicians, patients, and their caregivers about toxicity mitigation including nausea reduction, damage to epithelial structures such as skin and mucosa, organ toxicity, and education is reviewed. Results: How to anticipate, reduce, and prevent some toxicities encountered during chemotherapy and radiation is detailed with the goal to improve eating behaviors. Strategies for health care professionals, caregivers, and patients to consider include (a) the reduction in nausea and vomiting, (b) decreasing damage to the mucosa, (c) avoiding a catabolic state and muscle wasting (sarcopenia), and (d) developing therapeutic alliances with patients, caregivers, and oncologists. Conclusions: Although the reduction of side effects involves anticipatory guidance and proactive team effort (e.g., forward observation, electronic interactions, patient reported outcomes), toxicity reduction can be satisfying for not only the patient, but everyone involved in cancer care. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition during Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy)

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21 pages, 662 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Narrative Review about Nutritional Management and Prevention of Oral Mucositis in Haematology and Oncology Cancer Patients Undergoing Antineoplastic Treatments

by Balma García-Gozalbo and Luis Cabañas-Alite

Nutrients 2021, 13(11), 4075; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13114075 - 15 Nov 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 4415

Abstract

Cancer is a prevalent disease worldwide, and treatments such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy sometimes lead to adverse events. Oral mucositis is one of the most disabling adverse events, and clinical guidelines do not take into account nutritional interventions. The primary endpoint was to [...] Read more.

Cancer is a prevalent disease worldwide, and treatments such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy sometimes lead to adverse events. Oral mucositis is one of the most disabling adverse events, and clinical guidelines do not take into account nutritional interventions. The primary endpoint was to gather the evidence about the efficacy of nutritional interventions in the prevention and/or treatment of antineoplastic-induced oral mucositis in oncological patients. A bibliographic review was carried out in the PubMed data base by combining MeSH terms with Boolean operators. Articles were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria; 50 final articles were found. Although further evidence is needed, glutamine, honey, and vitamins appear to be good therapeutic options. The rest of the compounds presented controversial or insufficient results, making it difficult to draw conclusions over their utilization as prevention or treatment options. Little evidence is reported about oral mucositis nutritional interventions in spite of them being attainable and affordable compounds. Scarce evidence is shown in paediatric patients compared with adults. Developing higher quality studies and combinations with the compounds researched is necessary for creating a stronger body of evidence. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition during Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy)

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Other

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29 pages, 1142 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

The Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Gut Microbiota, a Systematic Review

by Ana Fernandes, Ana Oliveira, Raquel Soares and Pedro Barata

Nutrients 2021, 13(9), 3025; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13093025 - 29 Aug 2021

Cited by 25 | Viewed by 3859

Abstract

Background: The human gut microbiota is defined as the microorganisms that collectively inhabit the intestinal tract. Its composition is relatively stable; however, an imbalance can be precipitated by various factors and is known to be associated with various diseases. Humans are daily exposed [...] Read more.

Background: The human gut microbiota is defined as the microorganisms that collectively inhabit the intestinal tract. Its composition is relatively stable; however, an imbalance can be precipitated by various factors and is known to be associated with various diseases. Humans are daily exposed to ionizing radiation from ambient and medical procedures, and gastrointestinal side effects are not rare. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases was conducted. Primary outcomes were changes in composition, richness, and diversity of the gut microbiota after ionizing radiation exposure. Standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane were used. Results: A total of 2929 nonduplicated records were identified, and based on the inclusion criteria, 11 studies were considered. Studies were heterogeneous, with differences in population and outcomes. Overall, we found evidence for an association between ionizing radiation exposure and dysbiosis: reduction in microbiota diversity and richness, increase in pathogenic bacteria abundance (Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria), and decrease in beneficial bacteria (Faecalibacterium and Bifidobacterium). Conclusions: This review highlights the importance of considering the influence of ionizing radiation exposure on gut microbiota, especially when considering the side effects of abdominal and pelvic radiotherapy. Better knowledge of these effects, with larger population studies, is needed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition during Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy)

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