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Mechanism of Drought and Salinity Tolerance in Crops
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Mechanism of Drought and Salinity Tolerance in Crops

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Response to Abiotic Stress and Climate Change".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 December 2024 | Viewed by 2131

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Li'na Yin

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Guest Editor
Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
Interests: plant physiology and molecular biology; abiotic stresses; photosynthesis; chloroplast membrane lipid; galactolipid; antioxidant
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Daoqian Chen

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Guest Editor
College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou 350002, China
Interests: Plant physiology and molecular biology; biotic and abiotic stresses; plant protection; plant hormone; phytoaccumulation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Drought and salinity are the two major abiotic stresses constraining crop growth and productivity globally. While due to climate change, these stresses are gradually becoming more severe in many places, mainly in arid or semi-arid areas, which covers nearly half of the Earth’s land surface. Meanwhile, drought is frequently associated with salinity stress in coastal, arid, and semiarid regions. When the soil water evaporates, the salts become concentrated in the soil solution, resulting in combined drought and salinity. Exploring and investigating the mechanisms of how drought, salinity and their combination affect crop growth and development, as well as understanding the crop drought and salinity stress tolerance will help to improve agricultural crop production and maintain the food security. Although a plenty of researches have been performed to investigate plant drought and salinity stress responses, there is still a big gap for us to prevent or reduce the adverse effects from drought and salinity both effectively and efficiently, especially in our practical crop production. This Special Issue of Plants will focus on understanding of how crops response and tolerance to drought and salinity, including physiological, biochemical and molecular mechanisms.

Dr. Li'na Yin
Dr. Daoqian Chen
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Plants is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • drought
  • water deficient
  • water use efficiency
  • salinity
  • drought/salinity tolerance
  • tolerance mechanism

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 6639 KiB  
Article
Identification of Drought-Resistant Response in Proso Millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) Root through Physiological and Transcriptomic Analysis
by Panpan Zhang, Binglei Wang, Yaning Guo, Tao Wang, Qian Wei, Yan Luo, Hao Li, Huiping Wu, Xiaolin Wang and Xiong Zhang
Plants 2024, 13(12), 1693; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13121693 - 19 Jun 2024
Viewed by 344
Abstract
Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is resilient to abiotic stress, especially to drought. However, the mechanisms by which its roots adapt and tolerate salt stress are obscure. In this study, to clarify the molecular mechanism of proso millet in response to drought [...] Read more.
Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is resilient to abiotic stress, especially to drought. However, the mechanisms by which its roots adapt and tolerate salt stress are obscure. In this study, to clarify the molecular mechanism of proso millet in response to drought stress, the physiological indexes and transcriptome in the root of seedlings of the proso millet cultivar ‘Yumi 2’ were analyzed at 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 3.0 h of stimulated drought stress by using 20% PEG-6000 and after 24 h of rehydration. The results showed that the SOD activity, POD activity, soluble protein content, MDA, and O2−· content of ‘Yumi 2’ increased with the time of drought stress, but rapidly decreased after rehydration. Here, 130.46 Gb of clean data from 18 samples were obtained, and the Q30 value of each sample exceeded 92%. Compared with 0 h, the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) reached the maximum of 16,105 after 3 h of drought, including 9153 upregulated DEGs and 6952 downregulated DEGs. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses revealed that upregulated DEGs were mainly involved in ATP binding, nucleus, protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity, MAPK signaling pathway–plant, plant–pathogen interactions, and plant hormone signal transduction under drought stress, while downregulated DEGs were mainly involved in metal ion binding, transmembrane transporter activity, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Additionally, 1441 TFs screened from DEGs were clustered into 64 TF families, such as AP2/ERF-ERF, bHLH, WRKY, NAC, MYB, and bZIP TF families. Genes related to physiological traits were closely related to starch and sucrose metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, glutathione metabolism, and plant hormone signal transduction. In conclusion, the active oxygen metabolism system and the soluble protein of proso millet root could be regulated by the activity of protein serine/threonine phosphatase. AP2/ERF-ERF, bHLH, WRKY, NAC, MYB, and bZIP TF families were found to be closely associated with drought tolerance in proso millet root. This study will provide data to support a subsequent study on the function of the drought tolerance gene in proso millet. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanism of Drought and Salinity Tolerance in Crops)
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20 pages, 5436 KiB  
Article
Phytochemical Profiling and Bioactive Potential of Grape Seed Extract in Enhancing Salinity Tolerance of Vicia faba
by Doaa E. Elsherif, Fatmah A. Safhi, Prasanta K. Subudhi, Abdelghany S. Shaban, Mai A. El-Esawy and Asmaa M. Khalifa
Plants 2024, 13(12), 1596; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13121596 - 8 Jun 2024
Viewed by 394
Abstract
Salinity stress poses a significant threat to crop productivity worldwide, necessitating effective mitigation strategies. This study investigated the phytochemical composition and potential of grape seed extract (GSE) to mitigate salinity stress effects on faba bean plants. GC–MS analysis revealed several bioactive components in [...] Read more.
Salinity stress poses a significant threat to crop productivity worldwide, necessitating effective mitigation strategies. This study investigated the phytochemical composition and potential of grape seed extract (GSE) to mitigate salinity stress effects on faba bean plants. GC–MS analysis revealed several bioactive components in GSE, predominantly fatty acids. GSE was rich in essential nutrients and possessed a high antioxidant capacity. After 14 days of germination, GSE was applied as a foliar spray at different concentrations (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 g/L) to mitigate the negative effects of salt stress (150 mM NaCl) on faba bean plants. Foliar application of 2–8 g/L GSE significantly enhanced growth parameters such as shoot length, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight of salt-stressed bean plants compared to the control. The Fv/Fm ratio, indicating photosynthetic activity, also improved with GSE treatment under salinity stress compared to the control. GSE effectively alleviated the oxidative stress induced by salinity, reducing malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, praline, and glycine betaine levels. Total soluble proteins, amino acids, and sugars were enhanced in GSE-treated, salt-stressed plants. GSE treatment under salinity stress modulated the total antioxidant capacity, antioxidant responses, and enzyme activities such as peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase compared to salt-stressed plants. Gene expression analysis revealed GSE (6 g/L) upregulated photosynthesis (chlorophyll a/b-binding protein of LHCII type 1-like (Lhcb1) and ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large chain-like (RbcL)) and carbohydrate metabolism (cell wall invertase I (CWINV1) genes) while downregulating stress response genes (ornithine aminotransferase (OAT) and ethylene-responsive transcription factor 1 (ERF1)) in salt-stressed bean plants. The study demonstrates GSE’s usefulness in mitigating salinity stress effects on bean plants by modulating growth, physiology, and gene expression patterns, highlighting its potential as a natural approach to enhance salt tolerance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanism of Drought and Salinity Tolerance in Crops)
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16 pages, 2487 KiB  
Article
OsMGD1-Mediated Membrane Lipid Remodeling Improves Salt Tolerance in Rice
by Shasha Li, Lei Hui, Jingchong Li, Yuan Xi, Jili Xu, Linglong Wang and Lina Yin
Plants 2024, 13(11), 1474; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13111474 - 27 May 2024
Viewed by 512
Abstract
Salt stress severely reduces photosynthetic efficiency, resulting in adverse effects on crop growth and yield production. Two key thylakoid membrane lipid components, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), were perturbed under salt stress. MGDG synthase 1 (MGD1) is one of the key enzymes for [...] Read more.
Salt stress severely reduces photosynthetic efficiency, resulting in adverse effects on crop growth and yield production. Two key thylakoid membrane lipid components, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), were perturbed under salt stress. MGDG synthase 1 (MGD1) is one of the key enzymes for the synthesis of these galactolipids. To investigate the function of OsMGD1 in response to salt stress, the OsMGD1 overexpression (OE) and RNA interference (Ri) rice lines, and a wild type (WT), were used. Compared with WT, the OE lines showed higher chlorophyll content and biomass under salt stress. Besides this, the OE plants showed improved photosynthetic performance, including light absorption, energy transfer, and carbon fixation. Notably, the net photosynthetic rate and effective quantum yield of photosystem II in the OE lines increased by 27.5% and 25.8%, respectively, compared to the WT. Further analysis showed that the overexpression of OsMGD1 alleviated the negative effects of salt stress on photosynthetic membranes and oxidative defense by adjusting membrane lipid composition and fatty acid levels. In summary, OsMGD1-mediated membrane lipid remodeling enhanced salt tolerance in rice by maintaining membrane stability and optimizing photosynthetic efficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanism of Drought and Salinity Tolerance in Crops)
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20 pages, 3941 KiB  
Article
Octoploids Show Enhanced Salt Tolerance through Chromosome Doubling in Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.)
by Jiali Ye, Yupu Fan, Hui Zhang, Wenjun Teng, Ke Teng, Juying Wu, Xifeng Fan, Shiwen Wang and Yuesen Yue
Plants 2024, 13(10), 1383; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13101383 - 16 May 2024
Viewed by 547
Abstract
Polyploid plants often exhibit enhanced stress tolerance. Switchgrass is a perennial rhizomatous bunchgrass that is considered ideal for cultivation in marginal lands, including sites with saline soil. In this study, we investigated the physiological responses and transcriptome changes in the octoploid and tetraploid [...] Read more.
Polyploid plants often exhibit enhanced stress tolerance. Switchgrass is a perennial rhizomatous bunchgrass that is considered ideal for cultivation in marginal lands, including sites with saline soil. In this study, we investigated the physiological responses and transcriptome changes in the octoploid and tetraploid of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L. ‘Alamo’) under salt stress. We found that autoploid 8× switchgrass had enhanced salt tolerance compared with the amphidiploid 4× precursor, as indicated by physiological and phenotypic traits. Octoploids had increased salt tolerance by significant changes to the osmoregulatory and antioxidant systems. The salt-treated 8× Alamo plants showed greater potassium (K+) accumulation and an increase in the K+/Na+ ratio. Root transcriptome analysis for octoploid and tetraploid plants with or without salt stress revealed that 302 upregulated and 546 downregulated differentially expressed genes were enriched in genes involved in plant hormone signal transduction pathways and were specifically associated with the auxin, cytokinin, abscisic acid, and ethylene pathways. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) detected four significant salt stress-related modules. This study explored the changes in the osmoregulatory system, inorganic ions, antioxidant enzyme system, and the root transcriptome in response to salt stress in 8× and 4× Alamo switchgrass. The results enhance knowledge of the salt tolerance of artificially induced homologous polyploid plants and provide experimental and sequencing data to aid research on the short-term adaptability and breeding of salt-tolerant biofuel plants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanism of Drought and Salinity Tolerance in Crops)
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