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A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Sustainable Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2024) | Viewed by 6752

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Shujian Yao

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Guest Editor

School of Traffic & Transportation engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410072, China
Interests: dynamic mechanical properties; impact dynamics; dynamic response; blast loading; damage evaluation; energy absorption; protective structure

Dr. Minzu Liang

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Guest Editor

College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
Interests: blast resistance; dynamic behavior; high strain rate; composite structures; lightweight materials and structures

Dr. Kuijian Yang

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Guest Editor

Department of Applied Mechanics & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 510275, China
Interests: impact engineering and safety protection; design and optimization of mechanical metamaterials; dynamic response and crashworthiness of energy absorption materials and structures

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Dynamic mechanical properties of materials and structures play a significant role in the development of modern science and technology. They have a broad and proven range of applications in various engineering fields, including aerospace, civil engineering, rail traffic, automotive, marine technology, energy, architecture, military, and sports. Developing high-performance materials and structures and revealing their dynamic mechanical mechanism are emerging topics that have received wide attention. Recent advances in dynamic mechanical properties of materials and structures have provided possibilities for many novel applications of smart materials and structures in highly demanding engineering fields.

This Special Issue will publish scientific papers and reviews related to the dynamic behavior of materials and structures, from their characterization to their application in industrial problems, such as their impact, blast and high-rate loading. Works that result in fundamental insights that benefit engineering design to resist strong dynamic loading are relevant to this Special Issue. Scientifically designed and documented experimental studies that advance knowledge in the dynamic mechanical properties of materials subjected to dynamic loading are of high relevance and interest. On this basis, the experimental studies should be accompanied by analysis of the experimental data and appropriate conclusions. The incorporation of theoretical analysis and/or numerical simulations to support the experimental findings will enhance the depth and quality of the research reported and make it more compelling.

Dr. Shujian Yao
Dr. Minzu Liang
Dr. Kuijian Yang
Guest Editors

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Keywords

dynamic mechanical properties
dynamic response
damage mechanism
crashworthiness of materials and structures
impact-resistant materials
design and property optimization
composite materials
high-speed impact
blast
explosive charge
protective structure

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 9512 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Optimal Design and Mean Stress Estimation of Modular Metamaterials Inspired by Burr Puzzles

by Kuijian Yang, Xiaoxun Li, Zhi Li, Weiyu Zhu and Yingkang Yao

Sustainability 2023, 15(18), 13963; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151813963 - 20 Sep 2023

Viewed by 852

Abstract

Modular impact-resistant metamaterials inspired by burr puzzles were recently proposed to combine flexibility, efficiency and adaptivity, which were also beneficial for sustainability in engineering protection. However, the optimal design remains to be explored and the mean stress cannot be effectively estimated. To break these limits, a stiffness-enhanced strategy is implemented to enhance the crashworthiness, and the relation between the mechanical behavior of metamaterials and locking points is revealed. The average thickness of all modules in the metamaterial is denoted by t_ave, and the thickness ratio of axially loaded to laterally loaded modules is denoted by y. From the experimental and simulation results, the mean stress of the metamaterials significantly increases with t_ave and y, while the deformation mode is gradually transformed into an inefficient global buckling mode and impairs the crashworthiness when

ψ \geq 4

ψ = 3

can be taken as the optimal design of metamaterials, which can increase the specific energy absorption SEA, energy absorption efficiency h and mean stress s_m, respectively, by 62.4%, 44.2% and 57.6% compared to the regular design (

ψ = 1

). On this basis, we develop a universe method to estimate the mean stress of the metamaterials with a relative error less than 9.6%, and a guideline for their design and application in engineering fields is summarized. This research opens a new avenue for broadening the design and applications of modular metamaterials in engineering applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Materials and Structures)

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21 pages, 3081 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sensitivity Analysis of Factors Influencing the Blast Resistance of Reinforced Concrete Columns Based on Grey Relation Degree

by Yangyong Wu, Quanmin Xie and Chaomin Mu

Sustainability 2023, 15(16), 12285; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151612285 - 11 Aug 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 872

Abstract

Reinforced concrete (RC) column is an important load-bearing component in building structures. In order to study the blast resistance of RC columns, the numerical simulation model was verified based on the field test data, and the ANSYS/LS-DYNA 2020R2 software was used to expand the working conditions. The sensitivity analysis method of grey relation degree was used to study the effects of factors, such as the diameter of longitudinal reinforcement, number of longitudinal reinforcement, the diameter of the stirrup, stirrup spacing, strength of concrete, scale distance, and strength of reinforcement on the blast resistance of RC columns. The results show that changing the number of longitudinal reinforcements to control the reinforcement ratio can make the peak displacement of RC columns smaller rather than changing the diameter of longitudinal reinforcement. Changing the stirrup spacing to control the stirrup ratio can make the RC column have better blast resistance rather than changing the diameter of the stirrup. The strength of reinforcements and concrete materials has little effect on the mid-span peak displacement of RC columns. The grey relation degree of the influencing factors of the mid-span peak displacement of the RC column is in the order of stirrup spacing, the diameter of the stirrup, scale distance, the diameter of longitudinal reinforcement, the number of longitudinal reinforcement, and the strength of concrete. The relation between stirrup spacing and the diameter of the stirrup is larger, and the grey relation degree is 0.6914 and 0.6660, respectively. This study can provide a reference for the design and construction of RC column structures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Materials and Structures)

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22 pages, 5130 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analysis and Optimization of an Expansion Energy-Absorbing Anti-Crawler for Rail Vehicles

by Zelong Zhao and Ping Xu

Sustainability 2023, 15(7), 6288; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15076288 - 6 Apr 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1458

Abstract

This paper describes the crashworthiness optimization of an intumescent energy-absorbing anti-crawler, which was applied to anti-crawling devices for rail vehicles. The energy absorption characteristics of the expansion-type energy-absorbing anti-crawler were studied experimentally, a finite element model (FEM) was established, and the finite element simulation results were verified with the experimental results. In this paper, the response of the expansion structure was predicted using a validated finite element model. Then, the effects of the variables (expansion tube thickness (T), friction coefficient (μ), and slope angle of conical mandrel (α)) on the response were sampled using the design-of-experiments (DOE) method, including a full factorial design and a central composite. Based on these samples, an alternative model was developed using the moving least-squares method (MLSM). Using the results from the full factorial design for main effects analysis, T was found to have the most significant effect on the average force (F_avg), while α had the greatest effect on the specific energy absorption (SEA). The F_avg, fracture strain, thickness, taper, and friction coefficient of the structure were used as constraints, and the multiobjective genetic algorithm (MOGA) method was used for parameter optimization to obtain a higher SEA. Finally, the best parameters (T = 5.76 mm, μ = 0.178, α = 25°) with an SEA value of 36.52 kJ/kg were obtained. The SEA value was increased by 31.70% compared to the initial results. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Materials and Structures)

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26 pages, 12742 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Shattering Effect Study of Aramid–Steel Composite Target Plates under Localized Blast Loading

by Zhen Gao, Yeqing Chen, Zhenqing Wang, Shutao Li, Wanli Wei and Jialin Chen

Sustainability 2023, 15(5), 4160; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15054160 - 24 Feb 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1465

Abstract

With the extensive application of composite laminates in protective structures, new materials and new structures have been developed rapidly. As an excellent impact-resistant material, aramid fiber is widely used in the field of protective structures. Aramid laminates show excellent performance in anti-penetration, but there is no research on its anti-explosive characteristics. In this paper, a kind of aramid–steel composite target (ASCT) plate protective structure is proposed innovatively. The failure mode and damage mechanism of three kinds of ASCT plates with equal area density and single-layer steel plates under a local explosion load are studied, and the most effective composite mode is given. The results show that the aramid laminates stuck on the back explosion surface ASCT (SA) exhibit the best anti-explosion effect, which is center deflection reduced by 12% and 18% compared with a single-layer steel plate (S-1) and an equal-thickness steel plate (S-2), respectively. Plate ASCT (SA), plate ASCT (AS), and ASCT (SAS) plate center tear failure did not occur. The analysis shows that different combinations change the propagation of stress waves in the structure, which in turn affects the failure of the composite plate. The critical failure dose of different structural configuration plates is obtained by simulation. The influence of explosion center distance, explosive charge, and bonding thickness of aramid laminate on the central deflection of steel plate was discussed by dimensional analysis, and the empirical formula of central deflection of the aramid–steel composite target plate was obtained. The research results can provide a theoretical basis and reference for the lightweight and efficient protection of composite structural armor. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Materials and Structures)

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17 pages, 62445 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparisons on the Local Impact Response of Sandwich Panels with In-Plane and Out-Of-Plane Honeycomb Cores

by Jiefu Liu, Genda Wang and Ziping Lei

Sustainability 2023, 15(4), 3437; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15043437 - 13 Feb 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1326

Abstract

The influence of in-plane and out-of-plane element array effects of honeycomb on the impact characteristics of sandwich panels was studied under different local impact speeds. The numerical model is calibrated by air cannon impact experiment and used to conduct the investigations. It is demonstrated that the sandwich panel with in-plane honeycomb core (SPIH) exhibits a response mode with larger local indentation and smaller overall deflection, and also shows superior energy absorption as compared to the sandwich panel with out-of-plane honeycomb core (SPOH). When facing more severe impact conditions, SPIH shows better anti-penetration capability. When the impact radius is 20 mm and the impact velocity is 83 m/s, the SHOP is penetrated while the SHIP is not. When the impact radius is 20 mm and the impact velocity is 100 m/s, the total absorbed energy of SHIP is 59.79% higher than that of SPOH, and the impact residual velocity is 32.67% lower. Furthermore, the impact mitigation performances of SPIH with different density gradient cores are investigated by comparing their deformation modes and energy absorption characteristics. The results indicate that different gradient schemes enable sandwich panels to perform multiple functions. The positive gradient design in the cell stretching direction is beneficial to reduce the overall deflection and improve the energy absorption effect. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Materials and Structures)

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