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Sustainable Transportation Planning and Roadway Safety

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Sustainable Transportation".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2023) | Viewed by 29934

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Zhenzhou Yuan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Traffic and Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
Interests: comprehensive transportation planning; urban traffic control; rail transit operation management; traffic safety
Prof. Dr. Jinjie Chen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Traffic and Transportation, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang 050043, China
Interests: energy consumption of rail transit; carbon emission reduction of rail transit; smart rail transit; track structure reliability; design theory of ballastless track
Dr. Yang Yang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
Interests: road traffic safety; traffic big data mining; vehicle–road collaborative systems; rail transit energy conservation and emission reduction; urban transportation planning
Dr. Wei Luo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Beijing Key Laboratory of General Aviation Technology, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
Interests: shared mobility; pedestrian traffic

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Green and safety are both core components of sustainable transportation. Over the past several decades, the emission of greenhouse gas has aroused great concern in all fields worldwide. Simultaneously, traffic safety has also been a recent hot topic. Transportation has become field witnessing active innovation, with many emerging technologies and business models being developed and applied to solve various transportation challenges; this trend will continue as urban infrastructure systems become increasingly intelligent. However, transportation generates high carbon emissions. Meanwhile, road traffic safety—especially freeway-related traffic crashes and pedestrian-involved accidents—has not been effectively addressed, especially in developing countries.

Fortunately, the development of ITS technology and the possibility of big data acquisition have greatly promoted the progress of sustainable transportation, such as urban rail transit, shared mobility, electric vehicles and so on. Additionally, road safety state‐of‐the‐art (SOTA) and practice have witnessed major developments in the last decade. At present, with the development of computer technology, ideas related to intelligent transportation have been widely applied, which brings great opportunities to further develop advanced models and technologies for safer and more sustainable transportation. However, emerging technologies and methodologies (e.g., deep learning, artificial intelligence, data mining, cloud computing, connected cars, autonomous driving) are facing many challenges and are not mature enough to be implemented, and some research ignores the consideration and combination of the transportation planning challenges. Therefore, how to effectively integrate new technologies and novel methodologies to solve the challenges of both traditional and current traffic concerns is worth investigation. Further research needs include optimizing general urban traffic systems in consideration of both limited perspectives and comprehensive perspectives. The inclusion of safety, efficiency, environment, economy, and other dimensions in the research space could generate a broad and positive impact in the whole traffic community.

In this Special Issue, we solicit high-quality research focused on SOTA techniques and methods employed in sustainable transportation planning and roadway safety theory and modeling. A particular emphasis will be placed on interdisciplinary work and innovative ideas. We welcome submissions on emerging transportation planning technologies and services related to green transport modes and their infrastructure, operations, policy requirements, and impacts. Authors are invited to present original research and review articles that will stimulate continuing efforts in this field.

Papers are invited which address real-world results and applications in topics including but not limited to the following:

  • Innovations and improvements for traditional transportation planning methodology.
  • Green traffic priority supported urban planning.
  • Novel technologies towards sustainable transportation planning.
  • Sustainable traffic planning supported by smart city technologies.
  • Supported sustainable and dynamic city planning under the background of the Internet of Things.
  • Application of new methods towards specific multi-mode (non-motor vehicles, urban rail transit, shared parking, etc.) cooperative planning.
  • Novel freeway real-time traffic crash analysis approach.
  • New safety ideas and countermeasures that have been implemented with proven success, or that are suggested for implementation and their potential for practical implementation and improvement.
  • Theories and technologies for vehicle–road cooperative system safety control.
  • Theory and application of regional traffic dynamic cooperative control considering safety and environmental factors.
  • Sustainable mobility analysis via big data.
  • Innovative use of various and non-traditional sensors for vehicle detection and tracking.
  • Assessment and modeling approaches for energy consumption and carbon emission of transportation.
  • Supported pedestrian behavior analysis.
  • Service performance improvement technology of rail transit infrastructure.
  • Transferability of successful international experience.

Prof. Dr. Zhenzhou Yuan
Prof. Dr. Jinjie Chen
Dr. Yang Yang
Dr. Wei Luo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • sustainable transportation
  • green transport mode
  • traffic planning
  • energy consumption conservation
  • carbon emission reduction
  • intelligent transportation systems (ITSs)
  • traffic safety
  • traffic crash analysis

Published Papers (15 papers)

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17 pages, 2448 KiB  
Article
People’s Intentions to Use Shared Autonomous Vehicles: An Extended Theory of Planned Behavior Model
by Wei Luo, Silong Wei, Yi Wang and Pengpeng Jiao
Sustainability 2023, 15(16), 12455; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151612455 - 16 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1020
Abstract
With the advancement of technology, sharing and autonomous driving will be the two major themes in the future transportation field, and SAVs (Shared autonomous vehicles) will combine the two things. When SAVs come to market, they will affect the transportation system, so the [...] Read more.
With the advancement of technology, sharing and autonomous driving will be the two major themes in the future transportation field, and SAVs (Shared autonomous vehicles) will combine the two things. When SAVs come to market, they will affect the transportation system, so the objective of this paper is to examine people’s intentions to use SAVs and clarify the factors affecting people’s intentions to use SAVs. Due to the application of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) in traffic travel research having important practical significance, this paper used an extended theory of planned behavior model to study people’s intentions to use SAVs. Some important findings are found that the intention to use SAVs is directly affected by attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavior control, barrier, and effects of a public health emergency, and indirectly affected by perceived risk, technical interest, government policy, and environmental awareness. Moreover, perceived behavior control has the mediating effect between government policy and intention to use SAVs, between technical interest and intention to use SAVs, and between subjective norm and intention to use SAVs. According to the influence degree of related influencing factors, the corresponding development recommendations on SAVs development are put forward. The research results of this paper contribute to the subsequent listing of SAVs, promote the further development of intelligent transportation, and provide the scientific basis for future travel policy formulation and traffic planning. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Transportation Planning and Roadway Safety)
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12 pages, 3152 KiB  
Article
A Methodology for Classifying Attractive Sources Related to Airport Birdstrike by Using Geospatial Tools
by Domenico Trifilò, Provvidenza Rita D’Urso and Claudia Arcidiacono
Sustainability 2023, 15(12), 9485; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15129485 - 13 Jun 2023
Viewed by 788
Abstract
The urban and rural environment around airport grounds, being an attractive site for wildlife, is subjected to special attention in relation to the risk of wildlife collision with aircrafts according to specific aviation norms. Therefore, investigation into significant attractive sources in airport surroundings [...] Read more.
The urban and rural environment around airport grounds, being an attractive site for wildlife, is subjected to special attention in relation to the risk of wildlife collision with aircrafts according to specific aviation norms. Therefore, investigation into significant attractive sources in airport surroundings is needed to contribute to ‘wildlife strike’ monitoring in order to activate efficient countermeasures for limitation and control in view of aviation safety while at the same time increasing wildlife protection. On this basis, the study was focused on attractive sites related to the birdstrike hazard in airport surroundings. The methodology described in this paper investigated the spatial distribution characteristics of bird strike influencing factors with an open-access approach to data handling. Remote sensing imagery and open-source GIS tools were utilised to apply suitability analysis to the surfaces involved, such as airport obstacle limitation surfaces, protected areas, vegetation, and water bodies. The methodology was applied to a case study of the airport of Catania, Italy. The results showed that application of geospatial tools to suitability analysis allowed for the identification of areas that have the greatest influence on the birdstrike hazard for aviation. This approach has made it possible to analyse these areas from the point of view of airport safety and the monitoring of ecological areas and corridors of high naturalistic value in order to protect them, providing a contribution toward sustainable management of the birstrike issue. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Transportation Planning and Roadway Safety)
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16 pages, 1927 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Key Factors Affecting Low-Carbon Travel Behaviors of Urban Residents in Developing Countries: A Case Study in Zhenjiang, China
by Pengfei Zhao, Lingxiang Wei, Dong Pan, Jincheng Yang and Yuchuan Ji
Sustainability 2023, 15(6), 5375; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15065375 - 17 Mar 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1820
Abstract
The transport sector accounts for 23% of global carbon emissions, the second largest after electricity and heat generation. Low-carbon travel, such as walking, cycling, and use of public transit, has become an effective way to reduce transportation-related emissions, however, what factors and how [...] Read more.
The transport sector accounts for 23% of global carbon emissions, the second largest after electricity and heat generation. Low-carbon travel, such as walking, cycling, and use of public transit, has become an effective way to reduce transportation-related emissions, however, what factors and how they affect low-carbon travel behavior remain unclear. This paper analyzes the key factors that affect the low-carbon travel behavior of urban residents by exploring 26 potential correlation indicators. Low-carbon travel survey data of urban residents in Zhenjiang, China are used as an example. Five factors derived from 26 indicators were identified and named as key factors influencing urban low-carbon travel behavior: traveler personal attributes (contribution rate 31.646%), user satisfaction with travel processes (contribution rate 17.438%), attitude towards low-carbon travel and environmental awareness (16.090%), the level of public transportation system development (10.793%), and overall attributes of travelers’ family (10.561%). The results provide a theoretical basis for the development and implementation of novel urban low-carbon travel concepts in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Transportation Planning and Roadway Safety)
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15 pages, 3894 KiB  
Article
Simulation Study on the Coupling Relationship between Traffic Network Model and Traffic Mobility under the Background of Autonomous Driving
by Dengzhong Wang, Tongyu Sun, Anzheng Xie and Zhao Cheng
Sustainability 2023, 15(2), 1535; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021535 - 13 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1625
Abstract
Autonomous driving technology will bring revolutionary changes to the development of future cities and transportation. In order to study the impact of autonomous driving on urban transportation networks, this paper first summarizes the development status of autonomous driving technology, and then three space–traffic [...] Read more.
Autonomous driving technology will bring revolutionary changes to the development of future cities and transportation. In order to study the impact of autonomous driving on urban transportation networks, this paper first summarizes the development status of autonomous driving technology, and then three space–traffic network coupling models are proposed based on the differences of speed and space, which are the traditional difference type, scale variation type, and slow-guided type. On this basis, a new 4 * 4 km grid city model is constructed. Based on the MATSim multi-agent simulation method, the traffic parameters of the three models are studied. The results show that under the same traffic demand, the service scale and level of the three traffic networks are significantly different. The optimal service level of the traditional differential type is 2.15 times the efficiency of the slow-guided type. Under the same demand and road network mode, the travel speed of the autonomous driving mode is 1.7–2.8 times that of the traditional mode. Under the same lane area ratio, the travel speed of traditional driving is much smaller than that of autonomous driving, which is about 2.6–3.6 times greater than the former. The research conclusion has certain reference significance for formulating urban spatial development strategies and policies under autonomous driving environments and for promoting the sustainable development of urban transportation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Transportation Planning and Roadway Safety)
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22 pages, 2691 KiB  
Article
Identifying Traffic Congestion Patterns of Urban Road Network Based on Traffic Performance Index
by Jinrui Zang, Pengpeng Jiao, Sining Liu, Xi Zhang, Guohua Song and Lei Yu
Sustainability 2023, 15(2), 948; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15020948 - 4 Jan 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4343
Abstract
Urban congestion has become a global problem with urbanization and motorization. The analysis of time-varying traffic congestion patterns is necessary to formulate effective management strategies. The existing studies have focused on traffic flow patterns developed by the volume, speed and density of road [...] Read more.
Urban congestion has become a global problem with urbanization and motorization. The analysis of time-varying traffic congestion patterns is necessary to formulate effective management strategies. The existing studies have focused on traffic flow patterns developed by the volume, speed and density of road sections in a limited district, while the long-time analysis of congestion patterns of the macro road network at the city level is inadequate. This paper aims to recognize traffic congestion patterns of the urban road network based on the traffic performance index (TPI) of 699 days in 2018, 2019 and 2021 in Beijing. The self-organizing maps (SOM) method improved by an automatic clustering number determination algorithm is proposed to cluster congestion patterns based on time-varying TPI. The traffic congestion of the macro road network is clustered into Mondays, Fridays, ordinary weekdays, congested weekdays, weekdays of winter and summer vacation, Saturdays, Sundays and festivals patterns. Patterns of Mondays and congested weekdays have a prominent morning peak, while patterns of Fridays, ordinary weekdays, and weekdays of winter and summer vacation have a prominent evening peak. Saturdays, Sundays and festivals are less congested than weekday patterns. It is verified that the SOM method proposed in this paper clusters traffic congestion into more detailed and accurate patterns, and it is applicable to TPI clustering in different years. The degree of congestion in 2021 increases by 7.15% in peak hours and decreases by 7.50% in off-peak hours compared with that in 2019 due to COVID-19. This method is helpful for traffic management in terms of making decisions according to different congestion patterns. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Transportation Planning and Roadway Safety)
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16 pages, 2908 KiB  
Article
Research on Spiral Tunnel Exit Speed Prediction Model Based on Driver Characteristics
by Xiaoling Xu, Xuejian Kang, Xiaoping Wang, Shuai Zhao and Chundi Si
Sustainability 2022, 14(23), 15736; https://doi.org/10.3390/su142315736 - 25 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1301
Abstract
The “white hole effect” alters the driving environment during a tunnel’s exit phase, making it more difficult and uncertain for drivers to access information and control their behavior, thereby endangering traffic safety. Consequently, the driving risk at the exit of a long spiral [...] Read more.
The “white hole effect” alters the driving environment during a tunnel’s exit phase, making it more difficult and uncertain for drivers to access information and control their behavior, thereby endangering traffic safety. Consequently, the driving risk at the exit of a long spiral tunnel served as the subject of this study, and the Jinjiazhuang spiral tunnel served as the object of the natural vehicle driving experiment. Following the theory of a non-linear autoregressive dynamic neural network, a vehicle speed prediction model based on driver characteristics was developed for the exit phase of the tunnel, taking driver expectations and behavioral changes into account. It also classifies the driver’s behavior during the tunnel’s exit phase to assess the risk posed by the driver’s behavior during the tunnel’s exit phase and determine a dynamic and safe comfort speed. The study’s results indicate that the driver’s behavioral load changed significantly as the vehicle approached the tunnel exit. At the exit of the spiral tunnel, the vehicle’s actual speed was 71 km/h, which is below the speed limit of 80 km/h. This demonstrates that the expected change in the driver’s behavior in the tunnel exit phase was substantial. Therefore, setting the emotional safety and comfort speed so that the driver maintains a smooth comfort level in the tunnel exit phase can reduce the tunnel exit driving risk. The results of this study provide a benchmark for tunnel traffic safety and lay the groundwork for further development of vehicle risk warning settings for the tunnel’s exit phase. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Transportation Planning and Roadway Safety)
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19 pages, 1897 KiB  
Article
Research on the Safety of the Left Hard Shoulder in a Multi-Lane Highway Based on Safety Performance Function
by Penghui Zhao, Jianxiao Ma, Chubo Xu, Chuwei Zhao and Zifan Ni
Sustainability 2022, 14(22), 15114; https://doi.org/10.3390/su142215114 - 15 Nov 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1647
Abstract
The left hard shoulder plays an important role in the event of an emergency on the inside of a multi-lane highway, but past studies have not been able to clarify the criteria for its installation or quantify the safety impact of its installation [...] Read more.
The left hard shoulder plays an important role in the event of an emergency on the inside of a multi-lane highway, but past studies have not been able to clarify the criteria for its installation or quantify the safety impact of its installation on the left side. In order to study the influence of the left hard shoulder on the safety of vehicles traveling on multi-lane highways, based on past studies that only studied the situation of four-lane highways, this paper firstly constructs a multi-lane highway simulation model under different numbers of lanes based on the VISSIM traffic simulation and uses Surrogate Safety Assessment Model (SSAM) to study the conflict characteristics of multi-lane highway vehicles under different numbers of lanes. Based on the above findings, this paper introduces the Safety Performance Function (SPF) to construct a multi-lane freeway accident prediction model, calibrates the model by adding the indexes affected by the left side hard shoulder to the basic prediction mode, and uses the historical accident data of the Badou-Shihu section of the Guangdong Northern Second Ring Highway as the basis to study the differences in accident rates of the investigated section before and after setting the left hard shoulder. The study showed that the average Time to Collision (TTC) increased by 57.2%, Maximum Deceleration (MaxD) increased by 19.2%, and Delta Speed (DeltaS) increased by 15.3% after setting hard shoulders on the left side of multi-lane freeways, and traffic conflicts on multi-lane freeways were significantly reduced, and safety was improved considerably. In addition, the rear-end conflict rate decreased by 0.17%, 0.75%, and 4.6% after setting hard shoulders on the left side of one-way three, four, and five lanes, respectively, indicating that hard shoulders on the left side are the most effective in improving the safety of one-way five-lane freeways. The accident prediction results show that within the reasonable setting range of the left hard shoulder width (0~4 m), the accident rate decreases by about 1.5% for every 0.5 m increase if only the influence of the left hard shoulder width is considered. Without considering other factors, increasing the width of the hard shoulder on the left side can reduce the number of accidents. This indicates a significant safety improvement for a one-way five-lane highway after setting the hard shoulder on the left side, and the conclusion is consistent with the simulation results. In this paper, based on past research, the research object is extended to one-way three-, four-, and five-lane highways. The findings of this paper can help the road authorities develop specifications for installing hard shoulders on the left side of multi-lane freeways and adopt strategies to improve the traffic safety level of multi-lane freeways. In addition, the models and methods used in this paper can also help build a framework for future intelligent networked vehicle avoidance systems and promote the development of intelligent networked technologies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Transportation Planning and Roadway Safety)
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14 pages, 4165 KiB  
Article
Study on the Impact of Road Traffic Accident Duration Based on Statistical Analysis and Spatial Distribution Characteristics: An Empirical Analysis of Houston
by Xu Sun, Hanxiao Hu, Shuo Ma, Kun Lin, Jianyu Wang and Huapu Lu
Sustainability 2022, 14(22), 14982; https://doi.org/10.3390/su142214982 - 13 Nov 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3842
Abstract
In this study, factors affecting crash duration and geostatistical analysis were examined using traffic crash data from Houston, USA. Significant factors affecting road crash duration included 14 independent factors related to time, roadway, and environment. Delays caused by traffic crashes were used as [...] Read more.
In this study, factors affecting crash duration and geostatistical analysis were examined using traffic crash data from Houston, USA. Significant factors affecting road crash duration included 14 independent factors related to time, roadway, and environment. Delays caused by traffic crashes were used as an indicator to assess the impact of traffic crashes of different severity on the roadway network. In addition, the spatial distribution characteristics of the different values corresponding to each key impact factor under different scenarios in the region were studied using ArcGIS kernel density analysis techniques. This is because the combination of these two methods is more operational and understandable. The results show that accidents are more likely to occur at night and on holidays, that accidents last longer after they occur in residential areas, and that accident duration varies near different road facilities. This study may provide a reference for targeted management and improvement measures for road safety. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Transportation Planning and Roadway Safety)
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19 pages, 4787 KiB  
Article
A Simulation-Based Study of the Influence of Low-Speed Vehicles on Expressway Traffic Safety
by Chubo Xu, Jianxiao Ma and Xiang Tang
Sustainability 2022, 14(19), 12165; https://doi.org/10.3390/su141912165 - 26 Sep 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2563
Abstract
To reveal the impact mechanism of low-speed vehicles (LSVs) on expressway traffic safety, this paper uses the polynomial fitting method to establish evolution models of traffic density and average speed at different LSV speeds in order to explore the queuing and dissipation characteristics [...] Read more.
To reveal the impact mechanism of low-speed vehicles (LSVs) on expressway traffic safety, this paper uses the polynomial fitting method to establish evolution models of traffic density and average speed at different LSV speeds in order to explore the queuing and dissipation characteristics of vehicles affected by LSVs and investigate the impact range of LSVs on expressways. Based on the findings above, this paper builds a Surrogate Safety Assessment Model (SSAM)-based model to quantify driving safety and further explore the differences in vehicle conflicts when an LSV moves in different lanes at the same speed. The simulation experiment is conducted based on the field data from the Inner Ring North Road located along the Nanjing Inner Ring High Speed Road. The results show that the evolutionary features of lane traffic density and average speed under different LSV speeds satisfy the octuple polynomial law, reflecting the spatial heterogeneity of vehicle distribution at different LSV driving speeds. Meanwhile, LSVs with different speeds produced the most significant negative impact on the roadway within 400 m of the expressway entrance. The lower the speed of the LSV, the more significant the adverse effect. In addition, this paper finds that when an LSV travels in different lanes at the same speed, the inner, middle, and outer lanes have the highest number of total conflicts, rear-end conflicts, and lane-change conflicts, respectively. Meanwhile, vehicles in the outer lane are the most significantly affected by LSVs, while vehicles in the middle lane are the least affected with the highest traffic efficiency. Additionally, the Maximum Speed (MaxS) and Difference in Vehicle Speed (DeltaS) for the middle lane are 47.9% and 60.5% higher than the outer lane, respectively. Nevertheless, based on the Probability of Unsuccessful Evasive Actions, i.e., P(UEA), vehicles in the middle lane have the highest probability of potential traffic conflicts. The methods used in this paper will have positive implications for establishing autonomous vehicle risk avoidance systems which can improve the safety levels of expressways. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Transportation Planning and Roadway Safety)
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13 pages, 2656 KiB  
Article
Optimization Models of Actuated Control Considering Vehicle Queuing for Sustainable Operation
by Xinyue Wang, Xianyu Wu and Jiarui Liu
Sustainability 2022, 14(15), 8998; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14158998 - 22 Jul 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1197
Abstract
How to sustainably conduct intersection operations is a key issue of the current research. For an actuated control intersection, queued vehicles, control parameters, and phase schemes all affect the operation effect. This paper discusses queued vehicles at actuated intersections and their influence on [...] Read more.
How to sustainably conduct intersection operations is a key issue of the current research. For an actuated control intersection, queued vehicles, control parameters, and phase schemes all affect the operation effect. This paper discusses queued vehicles at actuated intersections and their influence on signal timing. First, this paper establishes an improved traffic wave model and proposes a vehicle queuing model on this basis. Second, by analyzing the queuing and dispersion process of queued vehicles, a minimal green time calculation model is proposed. Then, this paper establishes a maximal green time calculation model aiming at minimizing average vehicle delay and maximizing traffic capacity under different phase schemes, and considers the influence of queued vehicles. Lastly, the models are verified separately; results show that the average error of the minimal green time model was 4.18%, and the average optimization rate of the maximal green time model was 9.27%. It is proved that the models achieved great accuracy and optimization effects, which could potentially improve intersection sustainability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Transportation Planning and Roadway Safety)
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16 pages, 1942 KiB  
Article
A Study on Pedestrian–Vehicle Conflict at Unsignalized Crosswalks Based on Game Theory
by Xu Sun, Kun Lin, Yu Wang, Shuo Ma and Huapu Lu
Sustainability 2022, 14(13), 7652; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14137652 - 23 Jun 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1702
Abstract
A dynamic game model based on multiple decision makers is developed to minimize pedestrian–vehicle conflicts at unsignalized crosswalks. The characteristics of pedestrians and drivers crossing the street are divided into traffic features, behavioral characteristics, and psychological factors, using data collected from a survey [...] Read more.
A dynamic game model based on multiple decision makers is developed to minimize pedestrian–vehicle conflicts at unsignalized crosswalks. The characteristics of pedestrians and drivers crossing the street are divided into traffic features, behavioral characteristics, and psychological factors, using data collected from a survey of pedestrian crossing behavior. Based on waiting delay and risk assessment, a utility model of pedestrian crossing choice behavior is presented, and a probability model for different phases of the waiting stage is developed by splitting the waiting process into three stages with pedestrian waiting duration. The payment function and the game model of pedestrian–vehicle conflict based on distinct previous decision makers are developed using game theory and “mixed strategy”, and they are resolved in equilibrium. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Transportation Planning and Roadway Safety)
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18 pages, 3551 KiB  
Article
Travel Time Reliability of Highway Network under Multiple Failure Modes
by Wanxiang Wang and Ruijun Guo
Sustainability 2022, 14(12), 7256; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14127256 - 14 Jun 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1364
Abstract
Network reliability reflects a system’s ability to perform specified functions under specified topological and traffic conditions. Network reliability is the weighted sum of connection reliability and travel time reliability. Based on complex network theory, a new method was proposed to calculate the travel [...] Read more.
Network reliability reflects a system’s ability to perform specified functions under specified topological and traffic conditions. Network reliability is the weighted sum of connection reliability and travel time reliability. Based on complex network theory, a new method was proposed to calculate the travel time reliability of road networks. The topology model of a regional highway network in China was built using the dual method. After a random attack or deliberate attack, node sizes in the sub-network can be used to reflect the node importance for network connection reliability. Some conclusions were drawn after the change in travel time coefficient and delay coefficient. The increases in the two coefficients will accelerate the decrease of travel time reliability of the highway network. After a comparison among three methods of travel time reliability, including variation coefficient, the misery indexes, and the new equation, the new method was further verified. The influence factors of highway network reliability were analyzed under the condition of different highway blockage and congestion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Transportation Planning and Roadway Safety)
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23 pages, 2151 KiB  
Article
Layout Optimization for Shared Parking Spaces Considering Shared Parking Walking Time and Parking Fee
by Yangbeibei Ji, Xueqing Lu, Hanwan Jiang, Xinyang Zhu and Jiao Wang
Sustainability 2022, 14(9), 5635; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095635 - 7 May 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2086
Abstract
Shared parking is an effective means to alleviate the shortage of parking spaces in urban central areas during the morning peak hours. Meanwhile, walking time cost and parking fees are two critical factors affecting shared parking efficiency. Firstly, based on the classic bottleneck [...] Read more.
Shared parking is an effective means to alleviate the shortage of parking spaces in urban central areas during the morning peak hours. Meanwhile, walking time cost and parking fees are two critical factors affecting shared parking efficiency. Firstly, based on the classic bottleneck model, walking time cost and shared parking fees are added to the model, then the user equilibrium solutions are obtained considering two choices of parking lots: accessorial parking and shared parking. Next, taking the minimum total social cost and the minimum total queue time as the management goals, respectively, the quantitative relationship between parking fee as well as the dispersion degree of the shared parking spaces with the optimal travel pattern is proved. Besides, the rules and methods for the reasonable setting of shared parking fee and the dispersion degree of shared parking spaces layout are proposed. Through the research, it was demonstrated that: (1) differentiated shared parking fee based on the capacity of the accessorial parking lot can reduce both the total social cost and road congestion, while total social cost increases with the dispersion of the layout of shared parking spaces and road congestion decreases with the dispersion of the layout of shared parking spaces; and (2) when derived the optimal travel pattern, it is found that there is an inert zone of shared parking fee, i.e., regardless of adjusting shared parking fee, it had no impact on the determination of the optimal travel pattern. Finally, we put forward policy recommendations combining the numerical examples. Considering the total social cost and congestion, managers can improve the utilization efficiency of shared parking spaces while taking into account social benefits by reasonably setting shared parking fee and the dispersion degree of shared parking spaces layout. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Transportation Planning and Roadway Safety)
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14 pages, 4501 KiB  
Article
Autonomous Vehicles for Enhancing Expressway Capacity: A Dynamic Perspective
by Cong-Jian Liu, Fang-Kai Wang, Zhuang-Zhuang Wang, Tao Wang and Ze-Hao Jiang
Sustainability 2022, 14(9), 5193; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095193 - 25 Apr 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1933
Abstract
With rapidly developing communication and autonomous-driving technology, traffic flow on road networks will change from homogeneous human-driven vehicle (HDV) traffic flow to heterogeneous mixed traffic flow (MTF) comprising HDVs, autonomous vehicles (AVs), and connective-and-autonomous vehicles (CAVs). To understand the changes in the MTF [...] Read more.
With rapidly developing communication and autonomous-driving technology, traffic flow on road networks will change from homogeneous human-driven vehicle (HDV) traffic flow to heterogeneous mixed traffic flow (MTF) comprising HDVs, autonomous vehicles (AVs), and connective-and-autonomous vehicles (CAVs). To understand the changes in the MTF of transportation engineering, we investigated the reserved capacity (RC) and right-of-way (ROW) reallocation policy that should be utilized under MTF scenarios. We established an MTF-based theoretical model to calculate the expressway segment capacity, theoretically analyzed the influence of the market penetration rate (MPR) on capacity and validated the model through numerical analysis. The results showed that the MPR of AVs and CAVs can enhance the MTF RC that is within 0–200% and that the platooning rate of CAVs positively influences the MTF RC. CAV popularization does not necessarily lead to a rapid increase in the transportation system efficiency when the MPR is <40% but significantly improves the efficiency of existing urban transportation facilities. When the MPR is >40%, the greatest enhancement is 4800 pcu/h/lane in terms of RC. A ROW reallocation policy that equips CAV-dedicated lanes according to the MPR of AVs and CAVs can enhance the capacity of expressway systems by 500 pcu/h/lane in terms of RC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Transportation Planning and Roadway Safety)
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20 pages, 5238 KiB  
Study Protocol
Research on a Driving Assistance System for Lane Changes on Foggy Highways
by Wenjin Sun and Yongjun Min
Sustainability 2023, 15(13), 10032; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151310032 - 25 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 779
Abstract
Currently, there is limited research in the field of micro-scale foggy weather highway lane-change driving assistance systems. This study focuses on the development of a lane-change driving assistance system for vehicles on foggy highways. The system is designed to address the need for [...] Read more.
Currently, there is limited research in the field of micro-scale foggy weather highway lane-change driving assistance systems. This study focuses on the development of a lane-change driving assistance system for vehicles on foggy highways. The system is designed to address the need for lane changes in various scenarios, such as lane number variations, vehicle malfunctions, and vehicle departure from the highway, which are commonly encountered during foggy weather conditions on highways. According to the development trend of the high-precision BeiDou positioning system and electronic map, a lane positioning technology based on vertical iterative methods for lane changes of vehicles driving on foggy highways that relies on V2V technology to study the safe distance of lane changing, in addition to lane-changing warning rules, is proposed; the network performance of the system was tested through a physical design. The experimental results show that the network performance of the system is stable when driving on a foggy highway, with low latency (below 30 ms) and high data throughput (above 550 kb/s at a 300 m communication distance) ensuring fast and effective sending and receiving of information on vehicle driving status. This study can improve the capacity of vehicles on foggy highways and achieve the purpose of “less speed reduction, less road closure”. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Transportation Planning and Roadway Safety)
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