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Catalysts
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Feature Papers in Catalytic Materials
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Feature Papers in Catalytic Materials

A special issue of Catalysts (ISSN 2073-4344). This special issue belongs to the section "Catalytic Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2024 | Viewed by 4198

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Leonarda Liotta

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Nanostructured Materials, Palermo Research Division, CNR - ISMN, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
Interests: heterogeneous catalysts for CO2 valorization; dry and steam reforming of methane; autothermal reactions; thermal and photothermal activation; H2 purification; WGS reaction and PROX; CO2 hydrogenation; methanation reaction; CO2 electrochemical reduction; SOECs; SOFCs; catalytic devices for VOCs abatement (indoor and outdoor); CO and CH2 oxidation; NO SCR by NH3, HC, EtOH; antifouling and bactericidal activity of green materials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The rapid increase in global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions has led to significant concerns regarding climate change and its detrimental effects on the environment. As a result, there is a growing interest in finding innovative solutions to mitigate these emissions and develop sustainable practices. One promising approach is the catalytic valorisation of exhaust carbon, which involves the conversion of CO2 into valuable chemicals and fuels using catalytic and electrocatalytic processes. Dry reforming of alcohols or hydrocarbons for syngas production, CO2 methanation, and CO2 electrochemical reduction are valid approaches to transform CO2 emissions into valuable products, thereby reducing the environmental impact of carbon emissions and promoting a circular carbon economy. However, some challenges remain, such as the development of efficient and stable catalysts, the understanding of reaction mechanisms, and the integration of these processes into large-scale industrial technologies. In this sense, developing photocatalysts with high photo-conversion efficiency may solve the ensuing energy crisis and environmental concerns.

The choice and design of catalysts and electrode materials are key factors that determine the efficiency, selectivity, and economic viability of the valorisation process. The aim of the present Special Issue is to shed light on the possibilities and challenges of exhaust carbon valorisation and to inspire further technological innovation in this important area of research. Attention will be paid to the design of materials for CO2 capture and storage; new catalysts for CO2 conversion via dry reforming reactions for syngas production; Fischer–Tropsch synthesis for syngas valorization; hydrogen purification in terms of water–gas shift reaction (WGS) and preferential CO oxidation (PROX); and CO2 methanation. Moreover, the present issue will be devoted to new insights into photocatalytic materials (such as Titania/ceria/C3N4) and solid oxide electrolysis cells for CO2 conversion.

Dr. Leonarda Liotta
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Catalysts is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • materials for CO2 capture and storage
  • dry reforming of HC and alcohols
  • water–gas shift reaction (WGS)
  • preferential CO oxidation (PROX)
  • CO2 methanation
  • syngas
  • Fisher–Tropsch synthesis
  • visible-light photocatalysis
  • graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)
  • Ni-based catalysts
  • TiO2 and CeO2-supported catalysts
  • perovskites as cathode for solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs)

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 1343 KiB  
Article
Basic Properties of ZnO, Ga2O3, and MgO—Quantitative IR Studies
by Jerzy Podobiński and Jerzy Datka
Catalysts 2024, 14(2), 106; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal14020106 - 26 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 877
Abstract
In our previous study, we elaborated a method of determination of concentrations of the basic sites O2− and OH− in a quantitative IR study of CO2 adsorption. Previous adsorption studies or TPD experiments only provided the total basicity without distinguishing [...] Read more.
In our previous study, we elaborated a method of determination of concentrations of the basic sites O2− and OH− in a quantitative IR study of CO2 adsorption. Previous adsorption studies or TPD experiments only provided the total basicity without distinguishing between O2− and OH−. In this study, we determined the concentration of O2− and OH− on ZnO, Ga2O3, and MgO surfaces. The basicity of ZnO and MgO was found to be significantly higher than that of Ga2O3. The surface of ZnO was rich in O2−, the contribution of OH− was very small, and the Ga2O3 surface contained mainly OH−. For MgO, the contribution of O2− and OH− was comparable. According to the IR results, only a small fraction of all surface hydroxyls were sufficiently basic to react with CO2. The partial dehydroxylation changed the proportion of the concentrations of O2− and OH− on the oxides. We also elaborated upon a new method to determine the total concentration of basic sites via CO2 desorption monitored using IR. For all the oxides, we studied the sum of the concentrations of O2− and OH−, as determined in our quantitative IR studies, to find whether they were comparable with the total basicity determined in the desorption experiments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Catalytic Materials)
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22 pages, 4320 KiB  
Article
Water Oxidation over Au-Pd/TiO2 as a Substitute for Iridium-Based Catalysts
by Khaja Wahab and Hicham Idriss
Catalysts 2024, 14(1), 87; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal14010087 - 21 Jan 2024
Viewed by 868
Abstract
Water oxidation is one of the most important reactions needed for a transition to a green economy. The reaction relies on extracting electrons from oxygen anions and is commonly studied using homogenous catalysts based on Ru or Ir metals. Because of Ir scarcity [...] Read more.
Water oxidation is one of the most important reactions needed for a transition to a green economy. The reaction relies on extracting electrons from oxygen anions and is commonly studied using homogenous catalysts based on Ru or Ir metals. Because of Ir scarcity and its relative instability in acidic environments, metals to replace it are sought after. In this study, we have synthesized Au-Pd-based catalysts deposited on TiO2 with different ratios in order to mimic IrO2 valence orbitals (Ir5d) by the hybrid valence orbitals of Au5d and Pd4d and compared their heterogeneous catalytic activity for the evolution of O2 from water in the presence of cerium ammonium nitrate (CAN). Au-Pd-based catalysts were found to be active at a particular nominal atomic ratio. At an atomic ratio of 1 Au to 2 Pd and 1 Au to 3 Pd, the catalysts were active and stable for oxygen production from water. Long-term runs up to 20,000 min still showed the expected stoichiometry between O2 production and CAN consumption (1 to 4). However, catalysts with a reverse ratio were not active. Also, the monometallic catalysts were found to be not active for the reaction. We link the reason for the activity of Au-Pd with this specific ratio to the shape and energy position of their valence band that might be similar to those of IrO2 particles. While the turnover numbers of the Au-Pd-based catalysts were found to be lower than those of IrO2-based catalysts, on the same support in a heterogenous system, there is considerable potential upon further optimization for these two metals to replace IrO2 for a water oxidation reaction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Catalytic Materials)
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14 pages, 4391 KiB  
Article
The Effectiveness of Ni-Based Bimetallic Catalysts Supported by MgO-Modified Alumina in Dry Methane Reforming
by Ahmed A. Ibrahim, Anis H. Fakeeha, Ahmed E. Abasaeed, Irfan Wazeer, Abdulaziz Bentalib, Nadavala Siva Kumar, Jehad K. Abu-Dahrieh and Ahmed S. Al-Fatesh
Catalysts 2023, 13(11), 1420; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13111420 - 07 Nov 2023
Viewed by 1172
Abstract
Syngas is produced through the carbon dioxide reforming of methane. The traditional nickel-based catalysts are substantially destroyed by carbon deposition. The reforming reaction was conducted in a tubular microreactor at 700 °C using bimetallic Ni catalysts supported over 37% Al2O3 [...] Read more.
Syngas is produced through the carbon dioxide reforming of methane. The traditional nickel-based catalysts are substantially destroyed by carbon deposition. The reforming reaction was conducted in a tubular microreactor at 700 °C using bimetallic Ni catalysts supported over 37% Al2O3 and 63% MgO mixtures. The impregnation process formed the catalysts, which were subsequently examined by N2-physisorption, XRD, H2-TPR, TGA, and Raman spectroscopy. The 2.5Ni+2.5Co/37%Al2O3+63%MgO bimetallic catalyst, which displayed 72% and 76% conversions of CH4 and CO2 over the course of a seven-hour procedure, was discovered to be the most active in DRM. The bimetallic catalyst with the largest weight loss in TGA, 2.5Ni+2.5Fe-MG63, had a loss of 61.3%, a difference of 26% and 21% in the activity performance of CH4 and CO2, respectively, of the tested bimetallic Ni catalysts was recorded. The long-time of 30 h on-stream CH4 and CO2 conversion reactions for 2.5Ni+2.5Co-MG63 and 2.5Ni+2.5Ce-MG63 catalysts showed the catalysts’ high stability. The TPO analysis for the 2.5Ni+2.5Cs-MG63 catalyst showed a peak at 650 °C, attributed to the oxidation of the filamentous carbon, whereas the TPO analysis for the 2.5Ni+2.5Co-MG63 catalyst depicted a peak at 540 °C, ascribed to the presence of amorphous/graphite carbon. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Catalytic Materials)
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18 pages, 4304 KiB  
Article
Sn-Doped Hematite Films as Photoanodes for Photoelectrochemical Alcohol Oxidation
by Vitali A. Grinberg, Victor V. Emets, Alexander D. Modestov, Aleksey A. Averin, Andrei A. Shiryaev, Inna G. Botryakova and Aleksey V. Shapagin
Catalysts 2023, 13(11), 1397; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13111397 - 26 Oct 2023
Viewed by 894
Abstract
Here, the modification of semiconductor thin film hematite photoanode by doping with Sn ions is reported. Undoped and Sn-doped hematite films are fabricated by the electrochemical deposition of FeOOH from aqueous alkaline electrolyte, followed by calcination in air. The photoanodes were tested in [...] Read more.
Here, the modification of semiconductor thin film hematite photoanode by doping with Sn ions is reported. Undoped and Sn-doped hematite films are fabricated by the electrochemical deposition of FeOOH from aqueous alkaline electrolyte, followed by calcination in air. The photoanodes were tested in photoelectrocatalytic oxidation of water, methanol, ethylene glycol, and glycerol. It is shown that modification by tin dramatically increased the activity of hematite in the photoelectrochemical oxidation of alcohols upon visible light irradiation. The photoelectrocatalytic activity of Sn-modified hematite increased in the sequence of: H2O < MeOH < C2H2(OH)2 < C3H5(OH)3. The quantum yield of photocurrent in the oxidation of alcohols reached 10%. The relatively low photocurrent yield was ascribed to the recombination of photoexcited holes within the hematite layer and on surface states located at the hematite/electrolyte interface. Intensity-modulated photocurrent spectroscopy (IMPS) was used to quantify the recombination losses of holes via surface states. The IMPS results suggested that the hole acceptor in the electrolyte (alcohol) influences photocurrent both by changing the charge transfer rate in the photoelectrooxidation process and by the efficient suppression of the surface recombination of generated holes. Thin-film Sn-modified hematite photoanodes are promising instruments for the photoelectrochemical degradation of organic pollutants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Catalytic Materials)
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Planned Papers

The below list represents only planned manuscripts. Some of these manuscripts have not been received by the Editorial Office yet. Papers submitted to MDPI journals are subject to peer-review.

Title: Basic properties of ZnO, Ga2O3 and MgO – quantitative IR studies
Authors: Jerzy Podobiński; Jerzy Datka
Affiliation: Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences; Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, Poland
Abstract: In our previous research we elaborated a method of determination of concentrations of basic sites O2- and OH- independently in quantitative IR studies of CO¬2 adsorption . Previous adsorption studies or TPD experiments provided only total basicity without distinction between O2- and OH-. In this study we determined the concentration of O2- and OH- on ZnO, Ga2O3¸and MgO surfaces. The basicity of ZnO and MgO was found significantly higher than that of Ga2O3. The surface of ZnO was rich in O2-, the contribution of OH- was very small, on the other hand, Ga2O3 surface contained mainly OH-. For MgO the contribution of O2- and OH- was comparable. According to IR results, only small fraction of all surface hydroxyls was sufficiently basic to react with CO2. The partial dehydroxylation changed the proportion between concentrations of O2- and OH- on oxides. We elaborated also a new method of determination total concentration of basic sites by CO2 desorption monitored by IR. For all the oxides studied the sum of concentrations of O2- and OH- determined in our quantitative IR studies was comparable with the total basicity determined in desorption experiments.

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