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Cells
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Single Cell Analysis 2.0
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Single Cell Analysis 2.0

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409). This special issue belongs to the section "Cell Methods".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 49420

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Tuhin Subhra Santra

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
Interests: MEMS; bio-NEMS; single-cell technology; biomedical micro/nano devices; micro/nanofluidics; nanomedicine
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Fan-Gang Tseng

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Distinguished Professor, Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University (NTHU), Affiliated Research Fellow, Academia Sinica, Hsinchu, Taiwan
Interests: organ on a chip; microfluidic systems; biosensors; CTCs/CTM diagnosis; single cell analysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cells are the most fundamental building block of all living organisms. The investigation of any type of disease mechanism and its progression still remains challenging due to cellular heterogeneity characteristics and physiological state of cells in a given population. The bulk measurement of millions of cells together can provide an average information of cells, but it cannot evolve the cellular heterogeneity and molecular dynamics in a certain cell population. Compared to this bulk or average measurement of a large number of cells together, single-cell analysis can provide detailed information of each cell, which could assist in developing an understanding of the specific biological context of cells, such as tumor progression or issues around stem cells. Single-cell omics can provide valuable information about functional mutation and copy number variations of cells. Information from single-cell investigations can help to produce a better understanding of intracellular interactions and environmental responses of cellular organelles, which can be beneficial for therapeutics development and diagnostics purposes. This Special Issue is inviting articles related to single-cell analysis and its advantages, limitations, and future prospects regarding health benefits.

Dr. Tuhin Subhra Santra
Prof. Dr. Fan-Gang Tseng
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cells is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • single-cell manipulation, separation, lysis
  • single-cell therapeutics and diagnostics
  • single-cell omics
  • single-cell in system biology
  • single-cell imaging and applications

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Published Papers (13 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

5 pages, 665 KiB  
Editorial
Single-Cell Analysis 2.0
by Tuhin Subhra Santra and Fan-Gang Tseng
Cells 2023, 12(1), 154; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12010154 - 30 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1073
Abstract
In 1665, Robert Hooke published his revolutionary book Micrographia [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Single Cell Analysis 2.0)
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Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review

15 pages, 4854 KiB  
Article
Single Cell Effects of Photobiomodulation on Mitochondrial Membrane Potential and Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Human Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells
by Li-Chern Pan, Nguyen-Le-Thanh Hang, Mamadi M.S Colley, Jungshan Chang, Yu-Cheng Hsiao, Long-Sheng Lu, Bing-Sian Li, Cheng-Jen Chang and Tzu-Sen Yang
Cells 2022, 11(6), 972; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11060972 - 11 Mar 2022
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 4158
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) has recently emerged in cellular therapy as a potent alternative in promoting cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation during tissue regeneration. Herein, a single-cell near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation system (830 nm) and the image-based approaches were proposed for the investigation of the [...] Read more.
Photobiomodulation (PBM) has recently emerged in cellular therapy as a potent alternative in promoting cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation during tissue regeneration. Herein, a single-cell near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation system (830 nm) and the image-based approaches were proposed for the investigation of the modulatory effects in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and vesicle transport in single living human adipose mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs). The irradiated-hADSCs were then stained with 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA) and Rhodamine 123 (Rh123) to represent the ΔΨm and ROS production, respectively, with irradiation in the range of 2.5–10 (J/cm2), where time series of bright-field images were obtained to determine the vesicle transport phenomena. Present results showed that a fluence of 5 J/cm2 of PBM significantly enhanced the ΔΨm, ROS, and vesicle transport phenomena compared to the control group (0 J/cm2) after 30 min PBM treatment. These findings demonstrate the efficacy and use of PBM in regulating ΔΨm, ROS, and vesicle transport, which have potential in cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation in cell-based therapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Single Cell Analysis 2.0)
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Graphical abstract

16 pages, 2706 KiB  
Article
Nucleus Near-Infrared (nNIR) Irradiation of Single A549 Cells Induces DNA Damage and Activates EGFR Leading to Mitochondrial Fission
by Momoh Gbetuwa, Long-Sheng Lu, Tsung-Jen Wang, Yin-Ju Chen, Jeng-Fong Chiou, Tai-Yuan Su and Tzu-Sen Yang
Cells 2022, 11(4), 624; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11040624 - 11 Feb 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2167
Abstract
There has been great interest in identifying the biological substrate for light-cell interaction and their relations to cancer treatment. In this study, a near-infrared (NIR) laser is focused into the nucleus (nNIR) or cytoplasm (cNIR) of a single living cell by a high [...] Read more.
There has been great interest in identifying the biological substrate for light-cell interaction and their relations to cancer treatment. In this study, a near-infrared (NIR) laser is focused into the nucleus (nNIR) or cytoplasm (cNIR) of a single living cell by a high numerical aperture condenser to dissect the novel role of cell nucleus in mediating NIR effects on mitochondrial dynamics of A549 non-small cell lung cancer cells. Our analysis showed that nNIR, but not cNIR, triggered mitochondrial fission in 10 min. In contrast, the fission/fusion balance of mitochondria directly exposed to cNIR does not change. While the same phenomenon is also triggered by single molecular interactions between epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor EGFR, pharmacological studies with cetuximab, PD153035, and caffeine suggest EGF signaling crosstalk to DNA damaging response to mediate rapid mitochondrial fission as a result of nNIR irradiation. These results suggest that nuclear DNA integrity is a novel biological target for cellular response to NIR. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Single Cell Analysis 2.0)
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16 pages, 4470 KiB  
Article
Discordant Genome Assemblies Drastically Alter the Interpretation of Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Data Which Can Be Mitigated by a Novel Integration Method
by Helen G. Potts, Madeleine E. Lemieux, Edward S. Rice, Wesley Warren, Robin P. Choudhury and Mathilda T. M. Mommersteeg
Cells 2022, 11(4), 608; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11040608 - 10 Feb 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2316
Abstract
Advances in sequencing and assembly technology have led to the creation of genome assemblies for a wide variety of non-model organisms. The rapid production and proliferation of updated, novel assembly versions can create vexing problems for researchers when multiple-genome assembly versions are available [...] Read more.
Advances in sequencing and assembly technology have led to the creation of genome assemblies for a wide variety of non-model organisms. The rapid production and proliferation of updated, novel assembly versions can create vexing problems for researchers when multiple-genome assembly versions are available at once, requiring researchers to work with more than one reference genome. Multiple-genome assemblies are especially problematic for researchers studying the genetic makeup of individual cells, as single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) requires sequenced reads to be mapped and aligned to a single reference genome. Using the Astyanax mexicanus, this study highlights how the interpretation of a single-cell dataset from the same sample changes when aligned to its two different available genome assemblies. We found that the number of cells and expressed genes detected were drastically different when aligning to the different assemblies. When the genome assemblies were used in isolation with their respective annotations, cell-type identification was confounded, as some classic cell-type markers were assembly-specific, whilst other genes showed differential patterns of expression between the two assemblies. To overcome the problems posed by multiple-genome assemblies, we propose that researchers align to each available assembly and then integrate the resultant datasets to produce a final dataset in which all genome alignments can be used simultaneously. We found that this approach increased the accuracy of cell-type identification and maximised the amount of data that could be extracted from our single-cell sample by capturing all possible cells and transcripts. As scRNAseq becomes more widely available, it is imperative that the single-cell community is aware of how genome assembly alignment can alter single-cell data and their interpretation, especially when reviewing studies on non-model organisms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Single Cell Analysis 2.0)
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12 pages, 1916 KiB  
Article
Interpretable Autoencoders Trained on Single Cell Sequencing Data Can Transfer Directly to Data from Unseen Tissues
by Julie Sparholt Walbech, Savvas Kinalis, Ole Winther, Finn Cilius Nielsen and Frederik Otzen Bagger
Cells 2022, 11(1), 85; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11010085 - 28 Dec 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2266
Abstract
Autoencoders have been used to model single-cell mRNA-sequencing data with the purpose of denoising, visualization, data simulation, and dimensionality reduction. We, and others, have shown that autoencoders can be explainable models and interpreted in terms of biology. Here, we show that such autoencoders [...] Read more.
Autoencoders have been used to model single-cell mRNA-sequencing data with the purpose of denoising, visualization, data simulation, and dimensionality reduction. We, and others, have shown that autoencoders can be explainable models and interpreted in terms of biology. Here, we show that such autoencoders can generalize to the extent that they can transfer directly without additional training. In practice, we can extract biological modules, denoise, and classify data correctly from an autoencoder that was trained on a different dataset and with different cells (a foreign model). We deconvoluted the biological signal encoded in the bottleneck layer of scRNA-models using saliency maps and mapped salient features to biological pathways. Biological concepts could be associated with specific nodes and interpreted in relation to biological pathways. Even in this unsupervised framework, with no prior information about cell types or labels, the specific biological pathways deduced from the model were in line with findings in previous research. It was hypothesized that autoencoders could learn and represent meaningful biology; here, we show with a systematic experiment that this is true and even transcends the training data. This means that carefully trained autoencoders can be used to assist the interpretation of new unseen data. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Single Cell Analysis 2.0)
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15 pages, 4598 KiB  
Article
Gliogenic Potential of Single Pallial Radial Glial Cells in Lower Cortical Layers
by Ana Cristina Ojalvo-Sanz and Laura López-Mascaraque
Cells 2021, 10(11), 3237; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10113237 - 19 Nov 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1979
Abstract
During embryonic development, progenitor cells are progressively restricted in their potential to generate different neural cells. A specific progenitor cell type, the radial glial cells, divides symmetrically and then asymmetrically to produce neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and NG2-glia in the cerebral cortex. However, the [...] Read more.
During embryonic development, progenitor cells are progressively restricted in their potential to generate different neural cells. A specific progenitor cell type, the radial glial cells, divides symmetrically and then asymmetrically to produce neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and NG2-glia in the cerebral cortex. However, the potential of individual progenitors to form glial lineages remains poorly understood. To further investigate the cell progeny of single pallial GFAP-expressing progenitors, we used the in vivo genetic lineage-tracing method, the UbC-(GFAP-PB)-StarTrack. After targeting those progenitors in embryonic mice brains, we tracked their adult glial progeny in lower cortical layers. Clonal analyses revealed the presence of clones containing sibling cells of either a glial cell type (uniform clones) or two different glial cell types (mixed clones). Further, the clonal size and rostro-caudal cell dispersion of sibling cells differed depending on the cell type. We concluded that pallial E14 neural progenitors are a heterogeneous cell population with respect to which glial cell type they produce, as well as the clonal size of their cell progeny. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Single Cell Analysis 2.0)
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20 pages, 7124 KiB  
Article
Comparative Analyses of Single-Cell Transcriptomic Profiles between In Vitro Totipotent Blastomere-like Cells and In Vivo Early Mouse Embryonic Cells
by Po-Yu Lin, Denny Yang, Chi-Hsuan Chuang, Hsuan Lin, Wei-Ju Chen, Chia-Ying Chen, Trees-Juen Chuang, Chien-Ying Lai, Long-Yuan Li, Scott C. Schuyler, Frank Leigh Lu, Yu-Chuan Liu and Jean Lu
Cells 2021, 10(11), 3111; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10113111 - 10 Nov 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3478
Abstract
The developmental potential within pluripotent cells in the canonical model is restricted to embryonic tissues, whereas totipotent cells can differentiate into both embryonic and extraembryonic tissues. Currently, the ability to culture in vitro totipotent cells possessing molecular and functional features like those of [...] Read more.
The developmental potential within pluripotent cells in the canonical model is restricted to embryonic tissues, whereas totipotent cells can differentiate into both embryonic and extraembryonic tissues. Currently, the ability to culture in vitro totipotent cells possessing molecular and functional features like those of an early embryo in vivo has been a challenge. Recently, it was reported that treatment with a single spliceosome inhibitor, pladienolide B (plaB), can successfully reprogram mouse pluripotent stem cells into totipotent blastomere-like cells (TBLCs) in vitro. The TBLCs exhibited totipotency transcriptionally and acquired expanded developmental potential with the ability to yield various embryonic and extraembryonic tissues that may be employed as novel mouse developmental cell models. However, it is disputed whether TBLCs are ‘true’ totipotent stem cells equivalent to in vivo two-cell stage embryos. To address this question, single-cell RNA sequencing was applied to TBLCs and cells from early mouse embryonic developmental stages and the data were integrated using canonical correlation analyses. Differential expression analyses were performed between TBLCs and multi-embryonic cell stages to identify differentially expressed genes. Remarkably, a subpopulation within the TBLCs population expressed a high level of the totipotent-related genes Zscan4s and displayed transcriptomic features similar to mouse two-cell stage embryonic cells. This study underscores the subtle differences between in vitro derived TBLCs and in vivo mouse early developmental cell stages at the single-cell transcriptomic level. Our study has identified a new experimental model for stem cell biology, namely ‘cluster 3’, as a subpopulation of TBLCs that can be molecularly defined as near totipotent cells. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Single Cell Analysis 2.0)
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16 pages, 3333 KiB  
Article
Intratumoral Heterogeneity Promotes Collective Cancer Invasion through NOTCH1 Variation
by Peter Torab, Yue Yan, Mona Ahmed, Hironobu Yamashita, Joshua I. Warrick, Jay D. Raman, David J. DeGraff and Pak Kin Wong
Cells 2021, 10(11), 3084; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10113084 - 09 Nov 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2233
Abstract
Cellular and molecular heterogeneity within tumors has long been associated with the progression of cancer to an aggressive phenotype and a poor prognosis. However, how such intratumoral heterogeneity contributes to the invasiveness of cancer is largely unknown. Here, using a tumor bioengineering approach, [...] Read more.
Cellular and molecular heterogeneity within tumors has long been associated with the progression of cancer to an aggressive phenotype and a poor prognosis. However, how such intratumoral heterogeneity contributes to the invasiveness of cancer is largely unknown. Here, using a tumor bioengineering approach, we investigate the interaction between molecular subtypes within bladder microtumors and the corresponding effects on their invasiveness. Our results reveal heterogeneous microtumors formed by multiple molecular subtypes possess enhanced invasiveness compared to individual cells, even when both cells are not invasive individually. To examine the molecular mechanism of intratumoral heterogeneity mediated invasiveness, live single cell biosensing, RNA interference, and CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing approaches were applied to investigate and control the composition of the microtumors. An agent-based computational model was also developed to evaluate the influence of NOTCH1 variation on DLL4 expression within a microtumor. The data indicate that intratumoral variation in NOTCH1 expression can lead to upregulation of DLL4 expression within the microtumor and enhancement of microtumor invasiveness. Overall, our results reveal a novel mechanism of heterogeneity mediated invasiveness through intratumoral variation of gene expression. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Single Cell Analysis 2.0)
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12 pages, 3474 KiB  
Article
Single Cell Analysis of Stored Red Blood Cells Using Ultra-High Throughput Holographic Cytometry
by Han-Sang Park, Hillel Price, Silvia Ceballos, Jen-Tsan Chi and Adam Wax
Cells 2021, 10(9), 2455; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10092455 - 17 Sep 2021
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 2817
Abstract
Holographic cytometry is introduced as an ultra-high throughput implementation of quantitative phase imaging of single cells flowing through parallel microfluidic channels. Here, the approach was applied for characterizing the morphology of individual red blood cells during storage under regular blood bank conditions. Samples [...] Read more.
Holographic cytometry is introduced as an ultra-high throughput implementation of quantitative phase imaging of single cells flowing through parallel microfluidic channels. Here, the approach was applied for characterizing the morphology of individual red blood cells during storage under regular blood bank conditions. Samples from five blood donors were examined, over 100,000 cells examined for each, at three time points. The approach allows high-throughput phase imaging of a large number of cells, greatly extending our ability to study cellular phenotypes using individual cell images. Holographic cytology images can provide measurements of multiple physical traits of the cells, including optical volume and area, which are observed to consistently change over the storage time. In addition, the large volume of cell imaging data can serve as training data for machine-learning algorithms. For the study here, logistic regression was used to classify the cells according to the storage time points. The analysis showed that at least 5000 cells are needed to ensure accuracy of the classifiers. Overall, results showed the potential of holographic cytometry as a diagnostic tool. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Single Cell Analysis 2.0)
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14 pages, 3706 KiB  
Article
Mapping Surface Charge Distribution of Single-Cell via Charged Nanoparticle
by Leixin Ouyang, Rubia Shaik, Ruiting Xu, Ge Zhang and Jiang Zhe
Cells 2021, 10(6), 1519; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10061519 - 16 Jun 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3676
Abstract
Many bio-functions of cells can be regulated by their surface charge characteristics. Mapping surface charge density in a single cell’s surface is vital to advance the understanding of cell behaviors. This article demonstrates a method of cell surface charge mapping via electrostatic cell–nanoparticle [...] Read more.
Many bio-functions of cells can be regulated by their surface charge characteristics. Mapping surface charge density in a single cell’s surface is vital to advance the understanding of cell behaviors. This article demonstrates a method of cell surface charge mapping via electrostatic cell–nanoparticle (NP) interactions. Fluorescent nanoparticles (NPs) were used as the marker to investigate single cells’ surface charge distribution. The nanoparticles with opposite charges were electrostatically bonded to the cell surface; a stack of fluorescence distribution on a cell’s surface at a series of vertical distances was imaged and analyzed. By establishing a relationship between fluorescent light intensity and number of nanoparticles, cells’ surface charge distribution was quantified from the fluorescence distribution. Two types of cells, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and HeLa cells, were tested. From the measured surface charge density of a group of single cells, the average zeta potentials of the two types of cells were obtained, which are in good agreement with the standard electrophoretic light scattering measurement. This method can be used for rapid surface charge mapping of single particles or cells, and can advance cell-surface-charge characterization applications in many biomedical fields. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Single Cell Analysis 2.0)
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18 pages, 4087 KiB  
Article
Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of the Hematopoietic System between Human and Mouse by Single Cell RNA Sequencing
by Shouguo Gao, Zhijie Wu, Jeerthi Kannan, Liza Mathews, Xingmin Feng, Sachiko Kajigaya and Neal S. Young
Cells 2021, 10(5), 973; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10050973 - 21 Apr 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4253
Abstract
(1) Background: mouse models are fundamental to the study of hematopoiesis, but comparisons between mouse and human in single cells have been limited in depth. (2) Methods: we constructed a single-cell resolution transcriptomic atlas of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) of human [...] Read more.
(1) Background: mouse models are fundamental to the study of hematopoiesis, but comparisons between mouse and human in single cells have been limited in depth. (2) Methods: we constructed a single-cell resolution transcriptomic atlas of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) of human and mouse, from a total of 32,805 single cells. We used Monocle to examine the trajectories of hematopoietic differentiation, and SCENIC to analyze gene networks underlying hematopoiesis. (3) Results: After alignment with Seurat 2, the cells of mouse and human could be separated by same cell type categories. Cells were grouped into 17 subpopulations; cluster-specific genes were species-conserved and shared functional themes. The clustering dendrogram indicated that cell types were highly conserved between human and mouse. A visualization of the Monocle results provided an intuitive representation of HSPC differentiation to three dominant branches (Erythroid/megakaryocytic, Myeloid, and Lymphoid), derived directly from the hematopoietic stem cell and the long-term hematopoietic stem cells in both human and mouse. Gene regulation was similarly conserved, reflected by comparable transcriptional factors and regulatory sequence motifs in subpopulations of cells. (4) Conclusions: our analysis has confirmed evolutionary conservation in the hematopoietic systems of mouse and human, extending to cell types, gene expression and regulatory elements. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Single Cell Analysis 2.0)
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Review

Jump to: Editorial, Research

16 pages, 4146 KiB  
Review
Tutorial: Guidelines for Single-Cell RT-qPCR
by Daniel Zucha, Mikael Kubista and Lukas Valihrach
Cells 2021, 10(10), 2607; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10102607 - 30 Sep 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 9713
Abstract
Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) has delivered significant insights in understanding the gene expression landscape. Thanks to its precision, sensitivity, flexibility, and cost effectiveness, RT-qPCR has also found utility in advanced single-cell analysis. Single-cell RT-qPCR now represents a well-established method, suitable for an [...] Read more.
Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) has delivered significant insights in understanding the gene expression landscape. Thanks to its precision, sensitivity, flexibility, and cost effectiveness, RT-qPCR has also found utility in advanced single-cell analysis. Single-cell RT-qPCR now represents a well-established method, suitable for an efficient screening prior to single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) experiments, or, oppositely, for validation of hypotheses formulated from high-throughput approaches. Here, we aim to provide a comprehensive summary of the scRT-qPCR method by discussing the limitations of single-cell collection methods, describing the importance of reverse transcription, providing recommendations for the preamplification and primer design, and summarizing essential data processing steps. With the detailed protocol attached in the appendix, this tutorial provides a set of guidelines that allow any researcher to perform scRT-qPCR measurements of the highest standard. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Single Cell Analysis 2.0)
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46 pages, 8754 KiB  
Review
A Review of Single-Cell Adhesion Force Kinetics and Applications
by Ashwini Shinde, Kavitha Illath, Pallavi Gupta, Pallavi Shinde, Ki-Taek Lim, Moeto Nagai and Tuhin Subhra Santra
Cells 2021, 10(3), 577; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10030577 - 05 Mar 2021
Cited by 33 | Viewed by 7028
Abstract
Cells exert, sense, and respond to the different physical forces through diverse mechanisms and translating them into biochemical signals. The adhesion of cells is crucial in various developmental functions, such as to maintain tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis and activate critical signaling pathways regulating [...] Read more.
Cells exert, sense, and respond to the different physical forces through diverse mechanisms and translating them into biochemical signals. The adhesion of cells is crucial in various developmental functions, such as to maintain tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis and activate critical signaling pathways regulating survival, migration, gene expression, and differentiation. More importantly, any mutations of adhesion receptors can lead to developmental disorders and diseases. Thus, it is essential to understand the regulation of cell adhesion during development and its contribution to various conditions with the help of quantitative methods. The techniques involved in offering different functionalities such as surface imaging to detect forces present at the cell-matrix and deliver quantitative parameters will help characterize the changes for various diseases. Here, we have briefly reviewed single-cell mechanical properties for mechanotransduction studies using standard and recently developed techniques. This is used to functionalize from the measurement of cellular deformability to the quantification of the interaction forces generated by a cell and exerted on its surroundings at single-cell with attachment and detachment events. The adhesive force measurement for single-cell microorganisms and single-molecules is emphasized as well. This focused review should be useful in laying out experiments which would bring the method to a broader range of research in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Single Cell Analysis 2.0)
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