Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
5.5
3.2
Journals
Energies
Special Issues
Design, Fabrication and Performance of Wind Turbines 2019
energies-logo
Submit to Energies Review for Energies Propose a Special Issue

Journal Menu

► Journal Menu

Journal Browser

► Journal Browser
share announcement

Design, Fabrication and Performance of Wind Turbines 2019

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A3: Wind, Wave and Tidal Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 March 2019) | Viewed by 51051

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Kyung Chun Kim

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
Interests: organic rankine cycle; heat transfer and heat exchangers; thermodynamics; experimental fluid mechanics; numerical modelling; advance power generation technologies
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Yingzheng Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
Interests: wind turbines; aerodynamics; flow control; computational fluid dynamics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The consumption of fossil fuels has increased, resulting in high CO2 emissions and serious climate change. Research on renewable energy is actively underway in order to solve these environmental problems, and in anticipation of the depletion of fossil fuels. Wind energy is an environmentally-friendly renewable energy source that does not cause environmental pollution, and its use is rapidly spreading around the world. From small-scale vertical axis wind turbines for urban usage to large-scale horizontal axis wind turbines for offshore wind farms, design, fabrication, and optimization technologies are highly required to manage wind energy effectively. Moreover, some new potentials, such as wind farm design, fluid-structure interaction, aero-acoustics, fabrication methods and performance tests by experimental and computational fluid dynamics should be engaged in modern wind turbine communities. Basic objectives are improving the reliability, promoting high efficiency of wind turbines, dynamic performance, reducing wind turbine generated noise and improving power generation efficiencies through high-fidelity approaches. Managing such a wide range of wind turbine scales and usages, design, fabrication, and performance test protocols for various wind turbines is a challenging issue. This Special Issue aims at encouraging researchers to address solutions to overcome the issue.

Prof. Dr. Kyung Chun Kim
Prof. Dr. Yingzheng Liu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • wind turbines 
  • design 
  • fabrication 
  • performance test 
  • control 
  • optimization 
  • aerodynamics 
  • aero-acoustics 
  • computational fluid dynamics 
  • wind farm

Published Papers (15 papers)

Download All Papers
Order results
Result details
Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

18 pages, 2108 KiB  
Article
Identification of Noise, Vibration and Harshness Behavior of Wind Turbine Drivetrain under Different Operating Conditions
by Nicoletta Gioia, Cédric Peeters, Patrick Guillaume and Jan Helsen
Energies 2019, 12(17), 3401; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12173401 - 03 Sep 2019
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2363
Abstract
Noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) problems are critical issues to be tackled for wind turbine drivetrains. Tracking the behavior of modal parameters of the machines’ fundamental modes during operation it is of high interest to validate complex simulation models. A powerful approach for [...] Read more.
Noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) problems are critical issues to be tackled for wind turbine drivetrains. Tracking the behavior of modal parameters of the machines’ fundamental modes during operation it is of high interest to validate complex simulation models. A powerful approach for this purpose is represented by operational modal analysis (OMA). This paper describes the investigation of an automated technique for continuously tracking the modes of a rotating mechanical system running in normal operating conditions. The modal estimation procedure is based on an automatic version of the pLSCF (poly-reference Least-Square Complex Frequency-Domain) algorithm. The latter is coupled with a method that automatically tracks the modal parameters along different data sets. The use of OMA on a rotating component of the wind turbine creates the need to deal with harmonics in order to satisfy one of the assumptions of OMA. For this purpose, the use of a cepstrum editing procedure is analyzed and implemented. Modal estimates obtained from an automated analysis on stand still data and normal operating conditions data are compared, to test the added value of the cepstrum editing procedure and the robustness of the method when used on real data. To illustrate and validate the implemented methodology, data acquired during a long-term monitoring campaign of a wind turbine drivetrain are used. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design, Fabrication and Performance of Wind Turbines 2019)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

24 pages, 4302 KiB  
Article
Numerical Investigation of the Aeroelastic Behavior of a Wind Turbine with Iced Blades
by Sudhakar Gantasala, Narges Tabatabaei, Michel Cervantes and Jan-Olov Aidanpää
Energies 2019, 12(12), 2422; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12122422 - 24 Jun 2019
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 4468
Abstract
Wind turbines installed in cold-climate regions are prone to the risks of ice accumulation which affects their aeroelastic behavior. The studies carried out on this topic so far considered icing in a few sections of the blade, mostly located in the outer part [...] Read more.
Wind turbines installed in cold-climate regions are prone to the risks of ice accumulation which affects their aeroelastic behavior. The studies carried out on this topic so far considered icing in a few sections of the blade, mostly located in the outer part of the blade, and their influence on the loads and power production of the turbine are only analyzed. The knowledge about the influence of icing in different locations of the blade and asymmetrical icing of the blades on loads, power, and vibration behavior of the turbine is still not matured. To improve this knowledge, multiple simulation cases are needed to run with different ice accumulations on the blade considering structural and aerodynamic property changes due to ice. Such simulations can be easily run by automating the ice shape creation on aerofoil sections and two-dimensional (2-D) Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis of those sections. The current work proposes such methodology and it is illustrated on the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) 5 MW baseline wind turbine model. The influence of symmetrical icing in different locations of the blade and asymmetrical icing of the blade assembly is analyzed on the turbine’s dynamic behavior using the aeroelastic computer-aided engineering tool FAST. The outer third of the blade produces about 50% of the turbine’s total power and severe icing in this part of the blade reduces power output and aeroelastic damping of the blade’s flapwise vibration modes. The increase in blade mass due to ice reduces its natural frequencies which can be extracted from the vibration responses of the turbine operating under turbulent wind conditions. Symmetrical icing of the blades reduces loads acting on the turbine components, whereas asymmetrical icing of the blades induces loads and vibrations in the tower, hub, and nacelle assembly at a frequency synchronous to rotational speed of the turbine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design, Fabrication and Performance of Wind Turbines 2019)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

25 pages, 4355 KiB  
Article
On Wind Turbine Power Delta Control
by Iker Elorza, Carlos Calleja and Aron Pujana-Arrese
Energies 2019, 12(12), 2344; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12122344 - 19 Jun 2019
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2740
Abstract
One of the major challenges facing wind energy at the moment is its dependence on dispatchable energy sources to match power supply to demand and provide an adequate spinning reserve. There is no fundamental impediment for this to be done with wind energy [...] Read more.
One of the major challenges facing wind energy at the moment is its dependence on dispatchable energy sources to match power supply to demand and provide an adequate spinning reserve. There is no fundamental impediment for this to be done with wind energy when wind conditions are such that sufficient wind power is available. It is, in fact, common for wind farms to participate in primary and secondary frequency regulation via droop curves, curtailment, synthetic inertia, proportional de-loading, and delta control. However, although the literature presents several approaches to turbine-level control functions of this sort, it is not trivial to extract from it a readily industrializable set of algorithms. Said extraction, focused on delta control and the addition of our own contributions, is the purpose of this paper, where we propose an extension of popular torque and pitch control algorithms, which allows delta control without the wind speed observers used by other authors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design, Fabrication and Performance of Wind Turbines 2019)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

24 pages, 7740 KiB  
Article
Numerical Analysis of Effects of Arms with Different Cross-Sections on Straight-Bladed Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
by Yutaka Hara, Naoki Horita, Shigeo Yoshida, Hiromichi Akimoto and Takahiro Sumi
Energies 2019, 12(11), 2106; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12112106 - 01 Jun 2019
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 3822
Abstract
Most vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) need arms connecting the blades with the rotational axis. The arms increase the power loss of VAWTs; however, the distribution between the pressure and friction influences and their degrees of influence have not yet been investigated in [...] Read more.
Most vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) need arms connecting the blades with the rotational axis. The arms increase the power loss of VAWTs; however, the distribution between the pressure and friction influences and their degrees of influence have not yet been investigated in detail in past research. We applied computational fluid dynamics (CFD) targeting a small-sized straight-bladed VAWT to elucidate the effects of arms on turbine performance. In the analysis, three kinds of arms with different cross-sections (NACA 0018 airfoil, 18% rectangular, circular) with the same height were added to an armless rotor. The tangential forces and resistance torques caused by the added arms were recalculated by dividing the pressure and friction influences based on the surface pressure and friction distributions obtained by the CFD on an arm or a blade. The pressure-based tangential force of an arm, regardless of the cross-section, had a tendency to increase near the connection part between the arm and a blade. Though the value was small, the friction on the rectangular arm generated a driving force, whereas the friction on the other arms generated resistance forces. The pressure-based tangential force of a blade increased for a wide region around the connection part. The friction-based tangential force of a blade dropped around the connection part of every arm-equipped rotor. The arm resistance torque added to a VAWT by the existence of arms was larger than the added blade resistance torque in the cases of rectangular and circular arm rotors. Conversely, in the case of the airfoil arm rotor, the resistance torque added to blades became larger than that of arms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design, Fabrication and Performance of Wind Turbines 2019)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 4048 KiB  
Article
Development of Hardware-in-the-Loop-Simulation Testbed for Pitch Control System Performance Test
by Jongmin Cheon, Jinwook Kim, Joohoon Lee, Kichang Lee and Youngkiu Choi
Energies 2019, 12(10), 2031; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12102031 - 27 May 2019
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4183
Abstract
This paper deals with the development of a wind turbine pitch control system and the construction of a Hardware-in-the-Loop-Simulation (HILS) testbed for the performance test of the pitch control system. When the wind speed exceeds the rated wind speed, the wind turbine pitch [...] Read more.
This paper deals with the development of a wind turbine pitch control system and the construction of a Hardware-in-the-Loop-Simulation (HILS) testbed for the performance test of the pitch control system. When the wind speed exceeds the rated wind speed, the wind turbine pitch controller adjusts the blade pitch angles collectively to ensure that the rotor speed maintains the rated rotor speed. The pitch controller with the individual pitch control function can add individual pitch angles into the collective pitch angles to reduce the mechanical load applied to the blade periodically due to wind shear. Large wind turbines often experience mechanical loads caused by wind shear phenomena. To verify the performance of the pitch control system before applying it to an actual wind turbine, the pitch control system is tested on the HILS testbed, which acts like an actual wind turbine system. The testbed for evaluating the developed pitch control system consists of the pitch control system, a real-time unit for simulating the wind and the operations of the wind turbine, an operational computer with a human–machine interface, a load system for simulating the actual wind load applied to each blade, and a real pitch bearing. Through the several tests based on HILS test bed, how well the pitch controller performed the given roles for each area in the entire wind speed area from cut-in to cut-out wind speed can be shown. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design, Fabrication and Performance of Wind Turbines 2019)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 884 KiB  
Article
A Text-Mining Approach to Assess the Failure Condition of Wind Turbines Using Maintenance Service History
by Alejandro Blanco-M., Pere Marti-Puig, Karina Gibert, Jordi Cusidó and Jordi Solé-Casals
Energies 2019, 12(10), 1982; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12101982 - 23 May 2019
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3341
Abstract
Detecting and determining which systems or subsystems of a wind turbine have more failures is essential to improve their design, which will reduce the costs of generating wind power. Two of the most critical failures, the generator and gearbox, are analyzed and characterized [...] Read more.
Detecting and determining which systems or subsystems of a wind turbine have more failures is essential to improve their design, which will reduce the costs of generating wind power. Two of the most critical failures, the generator and gearbox, are analyzed and characterized with four metrics. This failure analysis usually begins with the identification of the turbine’s condition, a process normally performed by an expert examining the wind turbine’s service history. This is a time-consuming task, as a human expert has to examine each service entry. To automate this process, a new methodology is presented here, which is based on a set of steps to preprocess and decompose the service history to find relevant words and sentences that discriminate an unhealthy wind turbine period from a healthy one. This is achieved by means of two classifiers fed with the matrix of terms from the decomposed document of the training wind turbines. The classifiers can extract essential words and determine the conditions of new turbines of unknown status using the text from the service history, emulating what a human expert manually does when labelling the training set. Experimental results are promising, with accuracy and F-score above 90% in some cases. Condition monitoring system can be improved and automated using this system, which helps the expert in the tedious task of identifying the relevant words from the turbine service history. In addition, the system can be retrained when new knowledge becomes available and may therefore always be as accurate as a human expert. With this new tool, the expert can focus on identifying which systems or subsystems can be redesigned to increase the efficiency of wind turbines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design, Fabrication and Performance of Wind Turbines 2019)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 3763 KiB  
Article
Design and Simulation of a 1 DOF Planetary Speed Increaser for Counter-Rotating Wind Turbines with Counter-Rotating Electric Generators
by Mircea Neagoe, Radu Saulescu and Codruta Jaliu
Energies 2019, 12(9), 1754; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12091754 - 09 May 2019
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2523
Abstract
The improvement of wind turbine performance poses a constant challenge to researchers and designers in the field. As a result, the literature presents new concepts of wind turbines (WTs), such as: counter-rotating wind turbines (CRWTs) with two coaxial wind rotors revolving in opposite [...] Read more.
The improvement of wind turbine performance poses a constant challenge to researchers and designers in the field. As a result, the literature presents new concepts of wind turbines (WTs), such as: counter-rotating wind turbines (CRWTs) with two coaxial wind rotors revolving in opposite directions, WTs with higher-efficiency and downsized transmission systems, or WTs with counter-rotating electric generators (CREGs). Currently, there are a few solutions of WTs, both containing counter-rotating components; however, they can only be used in small-scale applications. Aiming to extend the use of WTs with counter-rotating wind rotors (CRWRs) and CREGs to medium- and large-scale applications, this paper introduces and analyzes a higher-performance WT solution, which integrates two counter-rotating wind rotors, a 1 degree of freedom (DOF) planetary speed increaser with four inputs and outputs, and a counter-rotating electric generator. The proposed system yields various technical benefits: it has a compact design, increases the output power (which makes it suitable for medium- and large-scale wind turbines) and allows a more efficient operation of the electric generator. The kinematic and static computing methodology, as well as the analytical models and diagrams developed for various case studies, might prove useful for researchers and designers in the field to establish the most advantageous solution of planetary speed increasers for the CRWTs with CREGs. Moreover, this paper extends the current database of WT speed increasers with an innovative concept of 1 DOF planetary gearbox, which is subject to a patent application. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design, Fabrication and Performance of Wind Turbines 2019)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 5632 KiB  
Article
Decision Making using Logical Decision Tree and Binary Decision Diagrams: A Real Case Study of Wind Turbine Manufacturing
by Fausto Pedro García Márquez, Isaac Segovia Ramírez and Alberto Pliego Marugán
Energies 2019, 12(9), 1753; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12091753 - 09 May 2019
Cited by 38 | Viewed by 3842
Abstract
The wind energy industry is expanding in order to be able to meet the current and future energy demand, and is supported by governments in that renewable energy investment has been made. Optimal decision making (DM) in wind turbine manufacturing is required to [...] Read more.
The wind energy industry is expanding in order to be able to meet the current and future energy demand, and is supported by governments in that renewable energy investment has been made. Optimal decision making (DM) in wind turbine manufacturing is required to guarantee the competitiveness of the business. This paper considers decision making for wind turbine manufacturing using a logical decision tree (LDT) and binary decision diagrams (BDD). A qualitative analysis of wind turbine manufacturing is carried out using logical decision trees. They are used for a qualitative study of the case study. Binary decision diagrams are used to obtain the Boolean function and, therefore, to carry out a quantitative analysis. Finally, an optimization of budgets is employed based on importance measures. There is no optimal method that can establish the importance measures. The following heuristic methods have been used to find a solution close to the optimal: Fussell-Vesely, Birnbaum and Criticality. The computational cost is reduced by ranking the events. The heuristic methods to establish the best rankings are: Top-Down-Left-Right, Level based method, AND based method, Breadth-First Search (BFS) and Depth First Search (DFS). A real case study is considered, in which a static and dynamic analysis is carried out. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design, Fabrication and Performance of Wind Turbines 2019)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 6845 KiB  
Article
Active Control of Drive Chain Torsional Vibration for DFIG-Based Wind Turbine
by Zhongyi Li, Shiji Tian, Yefei Zhang, Hui Li and Min Lu
Energies 2019, 12(9), 1744; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12091744 - 08 May 2019
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3700
Abstract
Due to the fast electric control of the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) when experiencing power grid disturbance or turbulent wind, the flexible drive chain of the wind turbine (WT) generates long-term torsional vibration, which shortens the service life of the drive chain. The [...] Read more.
Due to the fast electric control of the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) when experiencing power grid disturbance or turbulent wind, the flexible drive chain of the wind turbine (WT) generates long-term torsional vibration, which shortens the service life of the drive chain. The torsional vibration causes fatigue damage of the gearbox and affects power generation. In this paper, a two-channel active damping control measure is proposed. The strategy forms a new WT electromagnetic torque reference value through two channels: one is a proportion integration differentiation (PID) damping term with frequency difference, which is used to reduce torsional vibration caused by frequency difference between fan and shafting; the other adopts the torsional vibration angle (θs) as the feedback signal, and an additional damping term is formed by bandpass filter (BPF) and trap filter (BRF). The strategy can increase the electromagnetic torque and suppress the torsional vibration of the drive chain. Finally, modeling and simulation using MATLAB/Simulink show that the method can effectively suppress the torsional vibration of the drive chain without affecting power generation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design, Fabrication and Performance of Wind Turbines 2019)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 6139 KiB  
Article
Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Tower Dam and Rotor Misalignment on Performance and Loads of a Large Wind Turbine in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer
by Gilberto Santo, Mathijs Peeters, Wim Van Paepegem and Joris Degroote
Energies 2019, 12(7), 1208; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12071208 - 28 Mar 2019
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2535
Abstract
A modern horizontal axis wind turbine was simulated by means of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The analyzed machine has a diameter of 100 m and is immersed in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). The velocity and turbulence stratification of the ABL is [...] Read more.
A modern horizontal axis wind turbine was simulated by means of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The analyzed machine has a diameter of 100 m and is immersed in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). The velocity and turbulence stratification of the ABL is correctly preserved along the domain by the adoption of modified wall functions. An overset technique is employed to handle the rotation of the turbine rotor throughout the operation of the machine. The ABL induces periodically oscillating loads and generated torque on the rotor blades. Several configurations are analyzed. First, the results of a rotor-only simulation are compared to the ones obtained from the simulation of the full machine in order to evaluate the effect of the supporting structures on the produced torque and on the loads acting on the blades. Then, a tilt angle is introduced on the analyzed rotor and its effect on the oscillating loads of each blade is highlighted by comparing the results to the untilted configuration. Lastly, a yaw misalignment is also introduced and the results are compared to the unyawed configuration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design, Fabrication and Performance of Wind Turbines 2019)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 2459 KiB  
Article
Mechatronic Modeling and Frequency Analysis of the Drive Train of a Horizontal Wind Turbine
by Igor Ansoategui, Ekaitz Zulueta, Unai Fernandez-Gamiz and Jose Manuel Lopez-Guede
Energies 2019, 12(4), 613; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12040613 - 15 Feb 2019
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2902
Abstract
The relevance of renewable energies is undeniable, and among them, the importance of wind energy is capital. A lot of literature has been devoted to the control techniques that deal with the optimization of the energy produced, but the maintainability of the individual [...] Read more.
The relevance of renewable energies is undeniable, and among them, the importance of wind energy is capital. A lot of literature has been devoted to the control techniques that deal with the optimization of the energy produced, but the maintainability of the individual wind turbines and of the farms in general is also a fundamental factor to take into account. In this paper, the authors address the general problem of knowing in advance the resonance frequencies of the power system of a wind turbine, with the underlying idea being that those frequencies should be avoided and that resonances do not occur only due to mechanical phenomena, but also because of electrical phenomena that in turn are influenced by control and optimization techniques. Therefore, the availability of that information embedded in the optimization techniques that control a wind turbine is of major importance. The main purpose of this paper was accomplished through two related objectives: the first was to obtain a mechatronic model (using a lumped parameters model of two degrees of freedom) of the drive train in the Laplace domain oriented to subsequently perform the described analysis. The second was to use that model to determine analytically the number and the value of the resonance frequencies from the generator angular velocity in such a way that such information could be used by any control algorithm or even by the mechatronic system designers. We assessed through experimental validation using a real 100 kW wind turbine that these two objectives were reached, demonstrating that the different vibration modes were detected using only the generator angular velocity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design, Fabrication and Performance of Wind Turbines 2019)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 6994 KiB  
Article
Study on the Coupled Dynamic Responses of a Submerged Floating Wind Turbine under Different Mooring Conditions
by Conghuan Le, Yane Li and Hongyan Ding
Energies 2019, 12(3), 418; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12030418 - 29 Jan 2019
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 3880
Abstract
A submerged floating offshore wind turbine (SFOWT) is proposed for intermediate water depth (50–200 m). An aero-hydro-servo-elastic-mooring coupled dynamic analysis was carried out to investigate the coupled dynamic response of the SFOWT under different mooring conditions subjected to combined turbulent wind and irregular [...] Read more.
A submerged floating offshore wind turbine (SFOWT) is proposed for intermediate water depth (50–200 m). An aero-hydro-servo-elastic-mooring coupled dynamic analysis was carried out to investigate the coupled dynamic response of the SFOWT under different mooring conditions subjected to combined turbulent wind and irregular wave environments. The effects of different parameters, namely, the tether length, pretension and the tether failure, on the performance of SFOWT were investigated. It is found that the tether length has significant effects on the motion responses of the surge, heave, pitch and yaw but has little effects on the tower fore-aft displacement and the tether tensions. The increased pretension can result in the increase of the natural frequencies of surge, heave and yaw significantly. The influence of tether failure on the SFOWT performance was investigated by comparing the responses with those of the intact mooring system. The results show that the SFOWT with a broken tether still has a good performance in the operational condition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design, Fabrication and Performance of Wind Turbines 2019)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 5494 KiB  
Article
Comparative Study of Time-Domain Fatigue Assessments for an Offshore Wind Turbine Jacket Substructure by Using Conventional Grid-Based and Monte Carlo Sampling Methods
by Chi-Yu Chian, Yi-Qing Zhao, Tsung-Yueh Lin, Bryan Nelson and Hsin-Haou Huang
Energies 2018, 11(11), 3112; https://doi.org/10.3390/en11113112 - 10 Nov 2018
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3061
Abstract
Currently, in the design standards for environmental sampling to assess long-term fatigue damage, the grid-based sampling method is used to scan a rectangular grid of meteorological inputs. However, the required simulation cost increases exponentially with the number of environmental parameters, and considerable time [...] Read more.
Currently, in the design standards for environmental sampling to assess long-term fatigue damage, the grid-based sampling method is used to scan a rectangular grid of meteorological inputs. However, the required simulation cost increases exponentially with the number of environmental parameters, and considerable time and effort are required to characterise the statistical uncertainty of offshore wind turbine (OWT) systems. In this study, a K-type jacket substructure of an OWT was modelled numerically. Time rather than frequency-domain analyses were conducted because of the high nonlinearity of the OWT system. The Monte Carlo (MC) sampling method is well known for its theoretical convergence, which is independent of dimensionality. Conventional grid-based and MC sampling methods were applied for sampling simulation conditions from the probability distributions of four environmental variables. Approximately 10,000 simulations were conducted to compare the computational efficiencies of the two sampling methods, and the statistical uncertainty of the distribution of fatigue damage was assessed. The uncertainty due to the stochastic processes of the wave and wind loads presented considerable influence on the hot-spot stress of welded tubular joints of the jacket-type substructure. This implies that more simulations for each representative short-term environmental condition are required to derive the characteristic fatigue damage. The characteristic fatigue damage results revealed that the MC sampling method yielded the same error level for Grids 1 and 2 (2443 iterations required for both) after 1437 and 516 iterations for K- and KK-joint cases, respectively. This result indicated that the MC method has the potential for a high convergence rate. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design, Fabrication and Performance of Wind Turbines 2019)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 5509 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Wind Resources and the Effect of Market Price Components on Wind-Farm Income: A Case Study of Ørland in Norway
by Ali Marjan and Mahmood Shafiee
Energies 2018, 11(11), 2955; https://doi.org/10.3390/en11112955 - 29 Oct 2018
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3897
Abstract
This paper aims to present a detailed analysis of the performance of a wind-farm using the wind turbine power measurement standard IEC61400-12-1 (2017). Ten minutes averaged wind data are obtained from LIDAR over the period of twelve months and it is compared with [...] Read more.
This paper aims to present a detailed analysis of the performance of a wind-farm using the wind turbine power measurement standard IEC61400-12-1 (2017). Ten minutes averaged wind data are obtained from LIDAR over the period of twelve months and it is compared with the 38 years’ data from weather station with the objective of determining the wind resources at the wind-farm. The performance of one of the wind turbines located in the wind-farm is assessed by comparing the wind power potential of the wind turbine with its actual power production. Our analysis shows that the wind farm under study is rated as ‘good’ in terms of wind power production and has wind power density of 479 W/m2. The annual wind-farm’s income is estimated based on the real-data collected from the wind turbines. The effect of price of electricity and the spot prices of Norwegian-Swedish green certificate on the income will be illustrated by means of a Monte-Carlo Simulation (MCS) approach. Our study provides a different perspective of wind resource evaluation by analyzing LIDAR measurements using Windographer and combines it with the lesser explored effects of price components on the income using statistical tools. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design, Fabrication and Performance of Wind Turbines 2019)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 7755 KiB  
Article
Concept Research of a Countermeasure Device for Preventing Scour around the Monopile Foundations of Offshore Wind Turbines
by Wenxian Yang and Wenye Tian
Energies 2018, 11(10), 2593; https://doi.org/10.3390/en11102593 - 28 Sep 2018
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3009
Abstract
Scouring has long been considered to be a major issue affecting the reliability of the monopile foundations of offshore wind turbines (OWTs) on sandy seabeds. To reduce the impact of scouring, several tons of rock/stone are usually placed around the foundations shortly after [...] Read more.
Scouring has long been considered to be a major issue affecting the reliability of the monopile foundations of offshore wind turbines (OWTs) on sandy seabeds. To reduce the impact of scouring, several tons of rock/stone are usually placed around the foundations shortly after the installation of them. Such a measure is costly. Moreover, rock and stone may spread widely on the seabed during the long-term service period of OWTs. It has no doubt that recycling these rock and stone on the seabed is quite difficult in future decommission. For this reason, a new scour-countermeasure device (SEMCD) is proposed and studied in this paper. Considering that the major driver of scouring is horseshoe vortices around the monopile foundation, a hollow horn-like SEMCD with an arc surface profile is designed for weakening the horseshoe vortices. The SEMCD is made of either cement or other kinds of corrosion resistant materials. It is light in weight, and easy to install and decommission. In the paper, the working mechanism of the SEMCD is first explained. Then, its scouring mitigation effect (SME), i.e., its contribution to the reduction of horseshoe vortices and the mitigation of seabed erosion around the foundation, is studied through investigating its influences on down/up-flow and seabed shear stress. Finally, the optimal size of the SEMCD is discussed through investigating the impact of its size on the speeds of up and down flows and the shear stress on seabed surface. The calculation results have shown that the proposed SEMCD has great potential to prevent scouring and seabed erosion, so that it is of significance to improve the reliability of the monopile foundations of OWTs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design, Fabrication and Performance of Wind Turbines 2019)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
 
Displaying articles 1-15
Back to TopTop