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Journal of Risk and Financial Management, Volume 18, Issue 2

2025 February - 64 articles

Cover Story: This study examines how the Big Three passive investors (BlackRock, Vanguard, and State Street) influence firms’ cost of equity. By analyzing their unique ownership structure, the research explores an underexamined aspect of institutional ownership and corporate financing. Using data from 1997 to 2016, the study finds that increased Big Three ownership enhances disclosure practices and reduces information asymmetry, lowering the cost of equity. However, it also reveals a trade-off, as concentrated ownership may introduce liquidity risks. These findings bridge a gap in the literature, offering insights for institutional investors, regulators, and corporate managers on the broader impact of passive ownership on firm valuation and financing strategies. View this paper
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Articles (64)

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
4,949 Views
16 Pages

The Effect of Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions Performance on Shareholder Wealth: The Role of Advisory Services

  • Debi Prasad Satapathy,
  • Tarun Kumar Soni,
  • Pramod Kumar Patjoshi and
  • Divya Singh Jamwal

This study empirically examines the wealth effects of mergers and acquisitions (M&As) in the Indian capital market, focusing on cross-border M&As. This study considers a sample of 58 cross-border and 34 domestic M&As, comprising more than...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,600 Views
22 Pages

With an avalanche of market manipulations and unethical tactics in the Australian financial industry, the empowerment levels of female Australian consumers when making financial investment decisions are highly questionable. Through the theoretical le...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
5,902 Views
17 Pages

The Mediating Role of Profitability in the Impact Relationship of Assets Tangibility on Firm Market Value

  • Mustafa Alathamneh,
  • Mohammed Ibrahim Obeidat,
  • Mohammad Abdullah Almomani,
  • Tareq Mohammad Almomani and
  • Nadeen (Mohammed Adnan) Darkal

This study aims to investigate whether the asset tangibility of the listed mining and extraction firms at the Amman Stock Exchange institution affects the market value of these firms and whether firm profitability mediates the impact relationship of...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,899 Views
16 Pages

Loan loss reserve accounts are an important part of banks’ ability to sustain losses. However, to enhance such protection, executives in the banking sector should recognize the factors that can affect the management of loan loss reserves. This...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
3,849 Views
21 Pages

Unethical Conduct Under Uncertainty: A Fear-Based Perspective

  • Sasha Pustovit,
  • Andrea L. Hetrick and
  • Tanja R. Darden

Rising uncertainty in the business environment has coincided with a significant increase in unethical behaviors within organizations, posing substantial financial and reputational risks. Unethical conduct is estimated to cost organizations around the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,009 Views
13 Pages

This study aims to evaluate how the effect of COVID-19 and cash flows from operating, investing, and financing activities influence stock returns, with dividends acting as a mediator. Data were gathered from the quarterly financial reports of 20 bank...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
3,488 Views
12 Pages

This paper studies the impact of crisis management mechanisms (bailouts and bail-ins) on moral hazard. Through an econometric study of financial crises in emerging countries since 1993, the results indicate that recurrent bailouts exacerbate moral ha...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
3,965 Views
22 Pages

This research explores the relationship between credit risk and bank value within the framework of horizontal mergers and acquisitions (M&A), employing a quantile regression approach to analyze how horizontal M&A activities moderate this rela...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
13,944 Views
35 Pages

A First Look at Financial Data Analysis Using ChatGPT-4o

  • Wen-Hsiu (Julia) Chou,
  • Zifeng Feng,
  • Bingxin Li and
  • Feng Liu

OpenAI’s new flagship model, ChatGPT-4o, released on 13 May 2024, offers enhanced natural language understanding and more coherent responses. This paper investigates ChatGPT-4o’s capabilities in financial data analysis, including zero-sho...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
6,293 Views
17 Pages

This article offers a clear and approachable introduction to the evolving landscape of money and the frictions developing between traditional government control and decentralized finance (DeFi). Tailored for readers with a basic awareness of cryptocu...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,268 Views
24 Pages

The need to manage the risks related to the COVID-19 epidemic in health, economics, finance, and insurance became obvious after its outbreak. As a basis for the respective quantitative methods, this paper models, in a novel manner, the dynamics of an...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,350 Views
16 Pages

Firm Policies and Uncertainty About Risk

  • Adam Harper,
  • Yilun Lu and
  • Sumit Tembhurne

This study examines how firm-specific financial policies and external factors influence the volatility of implied volatility (VOV), a measure of uncertainty about future risks. Using a sample of 6023 firms from January 2000 to December 2022, we deriv...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
13,247 Views
18 Pages

This paper evaluates the impact of retail investors’ bullish sentiment in comparison to that of financial institutions on the return of Chinese CSI 300 index stocks over the period of 2015 to 2023. We document several regularities. First, the s...

  • Article
  • Open Access
988 Views
25 Pages

The PCAOB’s 2006 Tax Service Restrictions and Earnings Management

  • Matthew Notbohm,
  • Xiaoli Guo and
  • Adrian Valencia

In 2006, the PCAOB implemented new restrictions on the auditor provision of some tax and contingent fee services provided to issuer audit clients. These restrictions were implemented to reduce auditor conflicts of interest inherent when the auditor p...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,291 Views
19 Pages

This study explores the efficacy of advanced machine learning models, including various Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) architectures and traditional time series approaches, for forecasting cotton futures prices. This analysis is motivated by the impor...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
4,861 Views
19 Pages

We investigated the relationship between corporate governance mechanisms and bank performance in the Nigerian banking sector. We focused on data from 2012 to 2022 extracted from the balance sheets of deposit money banks in Nigeria. We employed the Ge...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,210 Views
14 Pages

Determinants of Stochastic Distance-to-Default

  • Tarek Eldomiaty,
  • Islam Azzam,
  • Hoda El Kolaly,
  • Ahmed Dabour,
  • Marwa Anwar and
  • Rehab Elshahawy

Efficient management of bankruptcy risk requires treating distant-to-default (DD) stochastically as long as historical stock prices move randomly and, thus, do not guarantee that history may repeat itself. Using long-term data that date back to 1952&...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
6,914 Views
22 Pages

This study investigates the nexus between green financing (GB) and carbon emissions across 29 countries distributed worldwide with full data on green financing measured as the sum of bonds issued for the period 2018–2021. GDP per capita, popula...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,563 Views
22 Pages

Prediction of Green Sukuk Investment Interest Drivers in Nigeria Using Machine Learning Models

  • Mukail Akinde,
  • Olasunkanmi Olapeju,
  • Olusegun Olaiju,
  • Timothy Ogunseye,
  • Adebayo Emmanuel,
  • Sekinat Olagoke-Salami,
  • Foluke Oduwole,
  • Ibironke Olapeju,
  • Doyinsola Ibikunle and
  • Kehinde Aladelusi

This study developed and evaluated machine learning models (MLMs) for predicting the drivers of green sukuk investment interest (GSII) in Nigeria, adopting the planks of hypothesised determinants adapted from variants of the planned behavioural model...

  • Editorial
  • Open Access
1,263 Views
4 Pages

Recently, the Journal of Risk and Financial Management completed a Special Issue that included papers based on invitations from the Editorial Board Members on a variety of areas in applied financial economics and risk management [...]

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,587 Views
13 Pages

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of gender equality in the relationship between the critical mass of women’s representation on boards and companies’ decisions to adopt external assurance on their sustainabilit...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,430 Views
17 Pages

Can advertising improve firm value following an incident of negative sustainability (i.e., a negative environmental, social or governance (NESG) occurrence?) This study provides an empirical investigation into NESG, its individual domains, and the mi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
4,277 Views
14 Pages

In this study, we examine the herding behavior in MENA stock markets in response to global geopolitical risk by using daily data, ranging from 4 January 2011 to 31 December 2023, on stock-listed companies in some MENA countries (Egypt, Jordan, Lebano...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
5,638 Views
22 Pages

Non-maturing deposits (NMDs) are a significant source of liquidity for banks, making research into their modelling and forecasting invaluable. However, NMDs have no explicit expiration date, posing liquidity risks and complicating management. This re...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,687 Views
15 Pages

This research examines the link between environmental, social, and governance (ESG) risk ratings and board characteristics on corporate performance. Using 2023 data from 117 companies on the Saudi Stock Exchange, the study employs Ordinary Least Squa...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
4,164 Views
25 Pages

The Impact of Public Environmental Concern on Corporate ESG Performance

  • Tsun Se Cheong,
  • Shuaiyi Liu,
  • Ning Ma and
  • Tingting Han

Utilizing an advanced machine learning algorithm, particularly the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) framework, this study reveals a significant nonlinear and even cyclical relationship between public concern about environmental issues and the ESG perf...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
4,013 Views
24 Pages

This study examines the interplay between leverage, dividend policy, and market performance in Nigeria’s manufacturing sector during the economic downturn of 2016–2020. Drawing on signaling and trade-off theories, we investigate how firms...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,189 Views
24 Pages

This study investigates how CEO characteristics, board composition, and firm size influence the technical efficiency (TE) of energy firms. We aim to understand how these factors contribute to production inefficiencies, which may help explain fluctuat...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,182 Views
27 Pages

Corruption Control as a Catalyst for Financial Development: A Global Comparative Study

  • Recep Ali Küçükçolak,
  • Gözde Bozkurt,
  • Necla İlter Küçükçolak,
  • Adnan Veysel Ertemel and
  • Sami Küçükoğlu

This study investigates the impact of anti-corruption efforts on financial development across different economies, using G7 and E7 countries as comparative groups. Recognizing corruption as a barrier to economic growth, the research examines how effe...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
8,633 Views
15 Pages

International market openness has long been regarded as critical for economic development, and recent evidence highlights the distinct roles of financial and trade openness, particularly in emerging and developing economies. This study examines the i...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,857 Views
30 Pages

Has the mean-variance framework become obsolete? In this paper, we replace traditional variance–covariance methods of portfolio optimisation with relative Tsallis entropy and mutual information measures. Its goal is to enhance risk management a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
4,341 Views
30 Pages

The stability of the financial cycle is paramount for the effective formulation and implementation of macroprudential policy in South Africa. The South African Reserve Bank (SARB) and the Prudential Authority strive to mitigate excessive fluctuations...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
11,097 Views
27 Pages

With the recent increase in retail investor participation led by commission-less fintech trading applications and new features like fractional trading, we now have higher volatility and significantly quicker price changes. This makes it hard to make...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
9,246 Views
32 Pages

The financial technology domain has undertaken significant strides toward more inclusive credit scoring systems by integrating alternative data sources, prompting an exploration of how we can further simplify the process of efficiently assessing cred...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3,278 Views
28 Pages

This paper investigates the impact of product market competition (PMC) on firms’ adoption of zero-leverage (ZL) strategies and examines whether this relationship is influenced by earnings volatility. Using data from 1989 to 2019, we analyze the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,265 Views
16 Pages

It is known that the harmonic mean estimator is a consistent estimator of the marginal likelihood and is easy to implement, but it has severe biases and does not change as much as the prior distribution changes. In this study, we investigate the use...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
6,955 Views
24 Pages

The Big Three Passive Investors and the Cost of Equity Capital

  • Sebahattin Demirkan and
  • Ted M. Fikret Polat

This study investigates the role of the Big Three passive investors (BlackRock, Vanguard, and State Street) in influencing firms’ cost of equity. By examining the unique ownership structure these investors bring, the research sheds light on a p...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,043 Views
18 Pages

This study examines the influence of chairman characteristics on dividend policy within Moroccan firms listed on the Casablanca Stock Exchange, addressing a critical gap in the behavioral finance literature. This research focuses on five key attribut...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,530 Views
18 Pages

Innovation has played a vital role in continuing business operations worldwide amid the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic. Innovation is critical for the success and survival of global organizations. Due to the risky long-term nature of innovation,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,326 Views
20 Pages

The study investigated the threshold effects of economic-policy uncertainty on food security in Nigeria, covering the period from 1970 to 2021. Summary statistics and unit root tests were employed for preliminary analysis, while the threshold regress...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
4,687 Views
19 Pages

This study examines the impact that International Public Sector Accounting Standards adoption might have on governance quality and corruption control in Spain, Portugal, and Italy. IPSAS was designed to globally enhance public transparency and accoun...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
51,651 Views
23 Pages

We develop a flexible supply and demand equilibrium framework that can be used to develop pricing models to forecast Bitcoin’s price trajectory based on its fixed, inelastic supply and evolving demand dynamics. This approach integrates Bitcoin&...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
7,650 Views
28 Pages

We use a quasi-exogenous shock to information asymmetry among shareholders to evaluate the effect of information asymmetry on corporate disclosure. In the post-Regulation Fair Disclosure (FD) period, the merger between a shareholder and a lender of t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3,941 Views
23 Pages

One of the fundamental components of internal controls, a whistleblowing system (WBS) is crucial for preventing fraud, addressing irregularities, and enhancing good governance. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of whistleblower d...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,272 Views
50 Pages

We show that U.S. open-end actively managed domestic bond mutual fund managers possess selection and short-term timing skills based on monthly returns from 1999 to 2016. Parametric tests bias against finding evidence of manager skill, and correction...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,653 Views
20 Pages

Diagnostic for Volatility and Local Influence Analysis for the Vasicek Model

  • Manuel Galea,
  • Alonso Molina and
  • Isabelle S. Beaudry

The Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process is widely used in modeling biological systems and, in financial engineering, is commonly employed to describe the dynamics of interest rates, currency exchange rates, and asset price volatilities. As in any stocha...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3,103 Views
22 Pages

The purpose of this study is to examine the economic and sectoral convergence of 32 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region from 1980 to 2022. The economic convergence hypothesis suggests that two economies with similar structural c...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,080 Views
25 Pages

Reliable inflation forecasts are essential for both business operations and macroeconomic policy making. This study explores the potential of using machine learning (ML) techniques to improve the accuracy of human forecasts of inflation. Specifically...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
3,111 Views
15 Pages

This article aims to elaborate on the narrow legalistic stakeholder model and the need to apply a new revised moral and legal stakeholder model in Indonesian state-owned enterprises (SOEs) with its implications and challenges. Studies on the narrow l...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
6,357 Views
21 Pages

Financial technologies and payment applications have revolutionized money flow recently, with cryptocurrencies offering decentralization, though still limited in transactional use. This study investigates the factors influencing the use of cryptocurr...

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J. Risk Financial Manag. - ISSN 1911-8074