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Viruses, Volume 12, Issue 10

October 2020 - 144 articles

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Cover Story: Viral RNAs are shapeshifters. Rather than being trapped in one conformation, dynamic assemblies of metastable tertiary conformations carry-out the replication events and evade the host defense mechanisms. The conformational space of large RNAs is immense, even for supercomputers (α1.8N, N=nucleotides, nt) but herein, is winnowed down using secondary structure data gathered on individual viral RNA motifs. Experimentally-determined input constraints, theoretical metastable pairings, and 300 million iterations by the SimRNA algorithm were sufficient to classify major dynamic ensembles of an HIV 5’-untranslated region. The simulations predict dynamical equilibrium around the 5’-cap that is governed by metastable nt–nt pairings. View this paper

Articles (144)

  • Review
  • Open Access
6 Citations
6,102 Views
24 Pages

System-Based Approaches to Delineate the Antiviral Innate Immune Landscape

  • Karsten Krey,
  • Aleksandra W. Babnis and
  • Andreas Pichlmair

21 October 2020

Viruses pose substantial challenges for society, economy, healthcare systems, and research. Their distinctive pathologies are based on specific interactions with cellular factors. In order to develop new antiviral treatments, it is of central importa...

  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
6,488 Views
16 Pages

Maturation of Pseudo-Nucleus Compartment in P. aeruginosa, Infected with Giant phiKZ Phage

  • Yana A. Danilova,
  • Viktoriia V. Belousova,
  • Andrey V. Moiseenko,
  • Innokentii E. Vishnyakov,
  • Maria V. Yakunina and
  • Olga S. Sokolova

21 October 2020

The giant phiKZ phage infection induces the appearance of a pseudo-nucleus inside the bacterial cytoplasm. Here, we used RT-PCR, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), electron tomography, and analytical electron microscopy to study the morphology...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,486 Views
14 Pages

Antibody Response to Canine Adenovirus-2 Virus Vaccination in Healthy Adult Dogs

  • Michèle Bergmann,
  • Monika Freisl,
  • Yury Zablotski,
  • Stephanie Speck,
  • Uwe Truyen and
  • Katrin Hartmann

21 October 2020

Background: Re-vaccination against canine adenovirus (CAV) is performed in ≤3-year-intervals but their necessity is unknown. The study determined anti-CAV antibodies within 28 days of re-vaccination and factors associated with the absence of antib...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
5,261 Views
15 Pages

Oncolytic H-1 Parvovirus Enters Cancer Cells through Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis

  • Tiago Ferreira,
  • Amit Kulkarni,
  • Clemens Bretscher,
  • Karsten Richter,
  • Marcelo Ehrlich and
  • Antonio Marchini

21 October 2020

H-1 protoparvovirus (H-1PV) is a self-propagating virus that is non-pathogenic in humans and has oncolytic and oncosuppressive activities. H-1PV is the first member of the Parvoviridae family to undergo clinical testing as an anticancer agent. Result...

  • Review
  • Open Access
75 Citations
7,080 Views
27 Pages

Extracellular Vesicles in the Pathogenesis of Viral Infections in Humans

  • Allen Caobi,
  • Madhavan Nair and
  • Andrea D. Raymond

21 October 2020

Most cells can release extracellular vesicles (EVs), membrane vesicles containing various proteins, nucleic acids, enzymes, and signaling molecules. The exchange of EVs between cells facilitates intercellular communication, amplification of cellular...

  • Case Report
  • Open Access
9 Citations
2,886 Views
6 Pages

Six Cases of Zika/Dengue Coinfection in a Brazilian Cohort, 2015–2019

  • Claudio Siqueira,
  • Valéria Féres,
  • Livia Coutinho,
  • Isabela Junqueira,
  • Luziane Bento,
  • Larissa Montes and
  • João Bosco Siqueira

21 October 2020

Brazil is one of the countries which has been most affected by dengue epidemics. This scenario became more challenging with the emergence of Zika virus after 2014. The cocirculation of dengue and Zika viruses makes their diagnosis and treatment a cha...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,777 Views
18 Pages

How HIV-1 Integrase Associates with Human Mitochondrial Lysyl-tRNA Synthetase

  • Xaysongkhame Phongsavanh,
  • Noha Al-Qatabi,
  • Mohammed Samer Shaban,
  • Fawzi Khoder-Agha,
  • Merwan El Asri,
  • Martine Comisso,
  • Raphaël Guérois and
  • Marc Mirande

21 October 2020

Replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) requires the packaging of tRNALys,3 from the host cell into the new viral particles. The GagPol viral polyprotein precursor associates with mitochondrial lysyl-tRNA synthetase (mLysRS) in a c...

  • Article
  • Open Access
63 Citations
5,332 Views
13 Pages

Deletion of CD2-Like (CD2v) and C-Type Lectin-Like (EP153R) Genes from African Swine Fever Virus Georgia-∆9GL Abrogates Its Effectiveness as an Experimental Vaccine

  • Douglas P. Gladue,
  • Vivian O’Donnell,
  • Elizabeth Ramirez-Medina,
  • Ayushi Rai,
  • Sarah Pruitt,
  • Elizabeth A. Vuono,
  • Ediane Silva,
  • Lauro Velazquez-Salinas and
  • Manuel V. Borca

20 October 2020

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is currently the most dreaded infectious disease affecting the global swine production industry. There is no commercial vaccine available, making the culling of infected animals the current solution to control outbrea...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
7,535 Views
12 Pages

Frequency and Duration of SARS-CoV-2 Shedding in Oral Fluid Samples Assessed by a Modified Commercial Rapid Molecular Assay

  • Licia Bordi,
  • Giuseppe Sberna,
  • Eleonora Lalle,
  • Pierluca Piselli,
  • Francesca Colavita,
  • Emanuele Nicastri,
  • Andrea Antinori,
  • Evangelo Boumis,
  • Nicola Petrosillo and
  • Luisa Marchioni
  • + 8 authors

20 October 2020

Background: RT-PCR on nasopharyngeal (NPS)/oropharyngeal swabs is the gold standard for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and viral load monitoring. Oral fluid (OF) is an alternate clinical sample, easy and safer to collect and could be useful for CO...

  • Review
  • Open Access
28 Citations
6,210 Views
22 Pages

A Decade in Review: A Systematic Review of Universal Influenza Vaccines in Clinical Trials during the 2010 Decade

  • Brigette N. Corder,
  • Brianna L. Bullard,
  • Gregory A. Poland and
  • Eric A. Weaver

20 October 2020

On average, there are 3–5 million severe cases of influenza virus infections globally each year. Seasonal influenza vaccines provide limited protection against divergent influenza strains. Therefore, the development of a universal influenza vac...

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