Biomedicines, Volume 13, Issue 7

Background: The amylin receptor is a receptor for the peptide hormone amylin, and its activation is known to reduce body weight. The amylin receptor functions as a heterodimer complex that consists of the calcitonin receptor for peptide hormone calci...

Soft tissue tumors (STTs) are a heterogeneous group of mesenchymal neoplasms requiring accurate differentiation for optimal patient management. While histopathology remains the gold standard, imaging plays a crucial role in non-invasive assessment. M...

Background/Objectives: Oral cavity wound recovery presents unique challenges due to constant moisture exposure and functional mechanical stresses. Nanoscale extracellular vesicles (exosomes) with regenerative properties offer promising therapeutic po...

Background: Peritoneal stretching from CO₂ insufflation is a primary mechanism of pain associated with laparoscopy. Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors are promising anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of celecoxib...

This review highlights recent findings on the potent anti-angiogenic serpin protein, pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) as it relates to metabolic disease, diabetes, angiogenesis and cardiovascular disease (CVD), listing a majority of all the p...

Background: Sex-related differences in left ventricular (LV) reverse remodeling following ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remain underexplored. We aimed to investigate predictors of reverse remodeling and its association with clini...

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a complex and heterogeneous condition characterized by emotional instability, impulsivity, and impaired regulation of interpersonal relationships. This narrative review integrates findings from recent neuroima...

Background/Objectives: Doxorubicin (DOX), a widely used anthracycline chemotherapeutic agent, is recognized for its efficacy in treating various malignancies. However, its clinical application is critically limited due to dose-dependent cardiotoxicit...

Over recent decades, significant advancements have been made in the treatment and imaging of gliomas. Conventional imaging techniques, such as MRI and CT, play critical roles in glioma diagnosis and treatment but often fail to distinguish between tum...

The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) plays a central role in cardiovascular and renal homeostasis and is increasingly recognized for its broad immunomodulatory effects. Pharmacological RAAS inhibition, primarily via angiotensin...

Crohn’s disease (CD), characterized by chronic gastrointestinal inflammation, is complicated by intestinal stenosis resulting from dysregulated fibrogenesis and is marked by excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, fibroblast activation...

This review explores current and emerging neuromodulation techniques targeting the cardiac autonomic nervous system for the treatment and prevention of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. Arrhythmias remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortal...

Background: Personalized anti-tumor therapy that activates the immune response has demonstrated clinical benefits in various cancers. However, its efficacy against testicular cancer (TC) remains uncertain. This study aims to identify suitable patient...

Background: To identify drug candidates that reduce cellular stress, linear peptides known as endomorphin (EM) analogs containing proline surrogates in position 2 were tested in in vitro injury models induced by corticosterone (CORT). Methods: In thi...

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is broadly defined as a mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) exceeding 20 mm Hg at rest. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a specific subset of PH characterized by a normal pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (PAWP...

The most frequently used laboratory animals for studies on adipose tissue properties and obesity are rodents. However, there are significant differences in the types of visceral fat depots between rodents and humans, including fat depots in the heart...

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by vascular alterations, immune dysregulation, and fibrosis. Solid evidence supports the hypothesis that endothelial dysfunction is the key player in SSc vascular injury and a critical...

Internationally, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity rates are increasing significantly. As these epidemics continue to spread, the continuation of further research is paramount given that chronic diseases, such as T2DM, cau...

Researchers are increasingly focusing on understanding the microbiota’s influence on disease susceptibility and overall health. The vast number of microorganisms in our gastrointestinal tract and their extensive surface area underscore their un...

Background/Objectives: Cervical cancer remains a significant global health issue, with high incidence and mortality rates, particularly in Eastern Europe. Despite the availability of vaccines against human papillomavirus (HPV), regular screening rema...

Background/Objectives: Gouty arthritis (GA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder frequently linked to systemic inflammation and impaired kidney function. Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) has been suggested as a potential biomarker involved in...

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that impairs motor function, including the fine motor control required for handwriting. Traditional diagnostic methods often lack sensitivity and objectivity in the early stag...

Mutations in PKD1 and PKD2 cause autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), the most common renal genetic disease, leading to the dysregulation of renal tubules and the development of cystic growth that compromises kidney function. Despite...

Background: Valproic acid (VPA) is a medication used to treat epilepsy, bipolar disorder, and migraine. If taken during pregnancy, it can cause neural tube defects (NTDs) and leads to offspring ASD behavioral phenotype. It has recently been found tha...

Background: Psoriasis, an inflammatory skin disorder, involves pyroptosis—a pro-inflammatory cell death process. However, cell-specific pyroptosis dynamics and immune microenvironment interactions remain unclear. Objective: To investigate cell-...

Background/Objectives: Silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO₂NPs) do not exist in isolation in the environment but can interact with other substances, thus influencing their toxic effects on aquatic organisms. We assessed the combined impact of SiO₂NPs...

Increasing evidence demonstrates the mutualistic connection between the microbiome and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment. Drugs disrupt the microbial balance and, conversely, changes in the microbiome influence therapy. A new field, pharmacomicr...

Background: Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is considered as the primary causative agent of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in young children, leading to severe neurological complications and contributing to substantial mortalities in recent HFMD outbr...

Background: When conservative therapies are insufficient for vasovagal syncope (VVS), procedural options such as permanent pacemakers or catheter ablation of ganglionated plexi (GP) may be considered. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy...

Background: Cold feet syndrome is characterized by hypersensitivity of sympathetic nerves to cold stimuli, resulting in vasoconstriction and reduced peripheral blood flow. This condition causes an intense cold sensation, particularly in the extremiti...

Background/Objectives: Organ transplantation is a life-saving intervention for patients with terminal organ failure, but long-term success is hindered by graft rejection and dependence on lifelong immunosuppressants. These drugs pose risks such as op...

Objectives: To quantify inpatient palliative care use over time and to test whether patient or hospital characteristics represent determinants of inpatient palliative care use in patients with metastatic penile cancer. Methods: Relying on the Nationa...

Background: Digital technologies offer innovative opportunities for recovering and maintaining intellectual and mental health. The use of a multitask approach that combines motor component with various cognitive tasks in a virtual environment can opt...

Background: Inflammation and oxidative stress are key mechanisms in underlying skin conditions like psoriasis and eczema. While many plants, including Australian native plants, are proposed to target these pathways due to their phytochemical content,...

Background/Objectives: Anatomical and functional damage of the mitral valve (MV) apparatus in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is secondary to left ventricular (LV) injury, leading to functional mitral regurgitation (FMR). Real-time four-di...

Background: The transapical off-pump NeoChord procedure is a recognized minimally invasive surgical approach for the treatment of severe degenerative mitral regurgitation. This study aims to report the initial Greek experience with the NeoChord proce...

Exercise is a cornerstone of diabetes management, but the onset of diabetic foot disease (DFD) can significantly limit its implementation. Meanwhile, physical activity (PA) has been shown to reduce the risk of developing DFD through various mechanism...

Background and Objectives: The aim of our study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of four imaging modalities—digital mammography (DM), digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT), ultrasound (US), and breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)—ap...

Background/Objectives: Retinoic acid has been shown to inhibit melanoma progression; however, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of the retinoic acid-inducible gene TIG3 in regulating melanoma cell growt...

Background: Nitric oxide (NO) is an important modulator of ovarian physiology, which contributes to angiogenesis, steroidogenesis, and redox control. The stable metabolites nitrate (NO₃⁻) and nitrite (NO₂⁻) may indicate real-time follicul...

Background: Necroptosis, a regulated form of inflammatory cell death, is increasingly recognized as a key driver of sepsis and critical illness. The balance between necroptosis and apoptosis may influence immune responses and outcomes in ICU patients...

Background/Objectives: Neck pain is defined as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, affecting the cervical region. It represents one of the leading causes of disability, with a prevalence o...

Pulmonary hemorrhage (PH) is a life-threatening complication predominantly affecting preterm infants, particularly those with very low birth weight (VLBW) and fetal growth restriction (FGR). Typically occurring within the first 72 h of life, PH is ch...

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a prevalent and aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis, largely due to its high metastatic potential and resistance to conventional therapies. Recent advances in cancer biology have underscored the significan...

Background: The retina, a light-sensitive tissue of the central nervous system that is located at the posterior part of the eye, is particularly vulnerable to alterations in oxygen levels. In various retinal diseases, such as central retinal vein occ...

Periodontitis is a prevalent chronic inflammatory disease that has been increasingly recognized for its systemic impacts, including its connection to respiratory diseases such as pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Obstructive Sl...

Background/Objectives: Recent breakthroughs in three-dimensional (3D) printing and high-resolution imaging have opened up new possibilities in personalized medicine, surgical planning, and forensic reconstruction. This study breaks new ground by eval...

Background/Objectives: Neutropenia is a common adverse effect of oral valganciclovir (VGCV) treatment in infants with congenital cytomegalovirus infection (CCMVI), with an estimated prevalence of 20%. However, its clinical course and associated facto...

Brugada syndrome is a rare inherited heart disease characterized by ventricular arrhythmias and characteristic ST segment elevation, which increases the risk of sudden death. Studies have shown that the pathogenesis of this disease involves a variety...

Background/Objectives: Simplexvirus humanalpha1 (HSV-1) can cause herpetic keratitis, which is the most common cause of infectious blindness in developed countries. Some patients can develop toxicity or resistance to available treatments and may requ...