Atmosphere, Volume 11, Issue 6

Wind profile observations are used to estimate turbulent mixing in the atmospheric boundary layer from 1 m up to 300 m height in two locations of pine forests characteristic of the southeast US region, and to 30 m height at one location in the northe...

In recent years, atmospheric numerical modeling frameworks and satellite observing systems have both undergone significant advances. While these developments offer considerable potential for improving forecasts of high-impact weather events such as t...

Energy efficiency is one of the most prominent global challenges of our era. Heritage buildings usually have a poor energy performance, not necessarily because of their intrinsic constructive features but due to their mostly dilapidated condition owe...

Field N₂O emissions are a key point in the evaluation of the greenhouse gas benefits of bioenergy crops. The aim of this study was to investigate N₂O fluxes from perennial (miscanthus and switchgrass), semi-perennial (fescue and alfalfa) and annual (...

Budapest, the capital of Hungary, has been facing serious air pollution episodes in the heating season similar to other metropolises. In the city a dense urban air quality monitoring network is available; however, air quality prediction is still chal...

The Mediterranean area belongs to the regions most exposed to hydroclimatic changes, with a likely increase in frequency and duration of droughts in the last decades. However, many climate records like, e.g., North Italian precipitation and river dis...

With the use of 213,456 one-minute measured data of droplet-size distribution (DSD) of rain collected during several National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)-sponsored field campaigns, the relationships between rainfall rate R, mass-weigh...

Southern China (SC) is often subjected to the impacts of extreme heat-wave (EHW) events with hot days covering large areas and lasting extended periods in the boreal summer. The present study explores new objective identification methods of the EHW e...

Public attention has recently focused on high-impact extreme weather events in midlatitudes that originate in the sub-Arctic. We investigate movements of the stratospheric polar vortex (SPV) and related changes in lower atmospheric circulation during...

(1) Objectives: This study was carried out to investigate the characteristics of odors emitted from a combined sewer for the abatement of combined sewer odor. (2) Methods: The odor samples emitted from the combined sewer were collected at 14 sites, a...

Rainfall forecast performance was evaluated for the first time for the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF) model. This study focused on HWRF performance in predicting rainfall from Hurricane Harvey in 2017. In particular, two configurat...

This paper is concerned with the statistical learning of the extreme smog (PM ${}_{2.5}$ ) dynamics of a vast region in China. Differently from classical extreme value modeling approaches, this paper develops a dynamic model of conditional, exponen...

One of the most important problems while modeling stormwater drainage systems is the choice of rainfall scenario, which will take into account the real rainfall distribution over time. This problem is particularly significant due to the climate chang...

The energy sector is integral to the wellbeing of the entire Iraqi economy and will remain so well into the future. In the current study, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) methodology was used to estimate CO₂, CH₄, and N₂O emission...

The accuracy and precision of iMET-XQ (InterMET Inc., Grand Rapids, MI, USA) temperature measurements in ten different locations on an off-the shelf rotary-wing unmanned aerial vehicle (rw-UAV) were assessed, as a function of atmospheric conditions....

Inorganic carbonate can be an important component of atmospheric particulate matter in arid environments where mineral dust components contribute significantly to air particulate matter. Carbonate carbon (CC) is only rarely quantified in atmospheric...

High air temperature and high humidity, combined with low wind speeds, are common trends in the tropical urban climates, which collectively govern heat-induced health risks and outdoor thermal comfort under the given hygrothermal conditions. The impa...

The formation of multilayered sporadic E by atmospheric gravity waves (AGWs), propagating in the mid-latitude lower thermosphere, is shown theoretically and numerically. AGWs with a vertical wavelength smaller than the width of the lower thermosphere...

Using the two-box energy balance model (EBM), we explore the climate system response to radiative forcing generated by variations in the concentrations of stratospheric aerosols and estimate the effect of uncertainties in radiative feedbacks on chang...

To study the optical properties of background atmospheric aerosols in East China, we carried out observations of the physical, chemical and optical properties of atmospheric aerosols at the summit of Mount Tai (Mt. Tai, 1533.7 m above sea level) from...

Air temperature changes as a function of elevation were analyzed in a valley of the Spanish Pyrenees. We analyzed insolation, topography and meteorological conditions in order to understand how complex topoclimatic environments develop. Clustering te...

Typhoon WRF (TWRF) based on the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting Model (ARW WRF) was operational at the Central Weather Bureau (CWB) for tropical cyclone (TC) predictions since 2010 (named TWRF V1). CWB has committed to improve this...

The initiation of a leader is an important lightning discharge process, but how an upward positive leader (UPL) initiates is still not fully understood. The evolution characteristics of a UPL during its initial stage was systematically studied based...

This study is motivated by the importance of the stratified turbulence in geophysical flows. We present a theoretical analysis of the buoyancy subrange based on the theory of strongly stratified turbulence. Some important turbulent scales and their r...

Pollutant dispersion processes over complex terrain are much more complicated than over flat areas, as they are affected by atmospheric interactions with the orography at different spatial scales. This paper reviews recent findings and progress in th...

In this study, we evaluate the impacts of different datasets (e.g., NCEP global forecast system (GFS) and ERA5) that are used to derive the initial and boundary conditions, various planetary parameterization boundary layer (PBL) schemes and radiation...

This study investigates the physical processes controlling the mixed layer buoyancy using a regional configuration of an ocean general circulation model. Processes are quantified by using a linearized equation of state, a mixed-layer heat, and a salt...

This study focuses on the quantification of climate change (CC) effects on agricultural water availability in Cyprus. Projections of climatic variables, based on Regional Climate Models (RCMs) forced by the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs...

The main problems of remote sensing of the Earth’s surface within the frequency range 1.2–1.6 GHz are discussed. They are related to the resonant quantum properties of the radio wave propagation medium in the lower ionosphere. It is shown...

For the first time, volatile hydrocarbons were measured in Croatia, at Mali Lošinj in the period from autumn 2004 to autumn 2005. Mali Lošinj site is conveniently located as a gateway to Croatia for any potential pollution from either P...

Extreme drought events are becoming increasingly frequent and extended, particularly in Mediterranean drought-prone regions. In this sense, atmospheric oscillations patterns, such as those represented by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index and...

Diesel-fueled vehicles have classically had high particulate and NO_x emissions. The introduction of Diesel Particulate Filters (DPFs) and Selective Catalytic Reduction for NO_x (SCR) systems have decreased the Particle Number (PN) and NO_x emissions, r...

The new-generation sensor TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) onboard the Sentinel 5 precursor (S5P) satellite is promising for monitoring air pollutants with greater spatial resolution, especially for China, which suffers from severe pollut...

630.0 nm all-sky imaging data are used to detect airglow depletions associated with equatorial spread F. Pairs of imagers located at geomagnetically conjugate locations in the American sector at low and mid-latitudes provide information on the occurr...

Renewable diesel fuels have the potential to reduce net CO₂ emissions, and simultaneously decrease particulate matter (PM) emissions. This study characterized engine-out PM emissions and PM-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation potential. E...

Studies of the emissions from wildland fires are important for understanding the role of these events in the production, transport, and fate of emitted gases and particulate matter, and, consequently, their impact on atmospheric and ecological proces...

Fungal species composition and site of deposition within the airways affects whether diseases develop and where they may arise. The aim of this study is to obtain knowledge regarding the potential deposition of airborne culturable, viable, and non-vi...

We aimed to estimate the association of urinary metal content with the exposure to hazardous household factors and ambient air pollution in pregnant women. We analyzed urine samples of 143 women enrolled at delivery and assessed household exposure by...

This is the first study to look at future temporal urban heath island (UHI) trends of Athens (Greece) under different UHI intensity regimes. Historical changes in the Athens UHI, spanning 1971–2016, were assessed by contrasting two air temperat...

This study presents the emission profiles of n-alkanes for different vehicular sources in two Brazilian cities. Atmospheric particulate matter was collected in São Paulo (Southeast) and in Salvador (Northeast) to determine n-alkanes. The sites...

Cloud drop diffusion growth is a fundamental microphysical process in warm clouds. In the present work, a new Lagrangian advection scheme (LAS) is proposed for solving this process. The LAS discretizes cloud drop size distribution (CDSD) with movable...

Topography and precipitation intensity are important factors that affect the quality of satellite precipitation products (SPPs). A clear understanding of the accuracy performance of SPPs over complex terrains and its relationship with topography is v...

The paper is devoted to the description of observations over atmospheric and electric effects from volcanic eruptions on Kamchatka peninsula (Russia) and perspectives of their development. To collect information about atmospheric-electric effects acc...

The ionospheric response to a geomagnetic storm is a geophysical process. Although strong geomagnetic storms input more energy into the Earth’s upper atmosphere, the ionospheric response often does not reflect the same level of variation as the...

The lockdowns due to the COVID-19 pandemic have been reported to reduce ambient air pollution in many cities globally. This study aims to examine whether air pollution dropped in Memphis, a typical U.S. metropolitan city and transportation hub, durin...

Krakow, with an area of 327 km² and over 750,000 inhabitants, is one of the largest cities in Poland. Within the administrative city borders several anthropogenic CO₂ source types are located, including car traffic, household coal and natural gas bur...

Diurnal variations of gravity waves over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) in summer 2015 were investigated based on high-resolution downscaled simulations from WRF-EnKF (Weather Research and Forecasting model and an ensemble Kalman filter) regional reanalysi...

A majority of the existing atmospheric rivers (ARs) detection methods is based on magnitude thresholding on either the integrated water vapor (IWV) or integrated vapor transport (IVT). One disadvantage of such an approach is that the predetermined th...

Despite the critical role latent (LE) and sensible (H) heat play in turbulent processes and heat exchange in the water–air interface, there is a lack of studies of turbulent fluxes over the surface in semiarid regions. We collected continuous m...

The frequency and duration of heatwaves are steadily increasing as climate change becomes more serious. These changes particularly endanger the health of those who must work outdoors in hot environments. This study introduces a novel approach to moni...