Universe, Volume 10, Issue 4

The correlation femtoscopy technique makes it possible to estimate the geometric dimensions and lifetime of the particle emission region after the collision of ions. Measurements of the emission region characteristics not only at midrapidity but also...

Since their first discovery in the late 1960s, gamma-ray bursts have attracted an exponentially growing interest from the international community due to their central role in the most highly debated open questions of the modern research of astronomy,...

This paper is devoted to the analysis of fluctuations in the solar wind plasma and interplanetary magnetic field parameters observed by Solar Orbiter and WIND spacecraft at different scales ranging from ~10³ to 10⁷ km. We consider two long data inter...

In this paper, we investigate the mass accretion properties in the innermost regions of a viscously evolved protoplanetary disk and try to find some clues to the outburst events. In our newly developed one-dimensional time-dependent disk model based...

The standard cosmological model, known as $\Lambda$CDM, has been remarkably successful in providing a coherent and predictive framework for understanding the Universe’s evolution, its large-scale structure, and cosmic microwave background (CMB)...

A minimalist approach to the linear stability problem in fluid dynamics is developed that ensures efficiency by utilizing only the essential elements required to find the eigenvalues for given boundary conditions. It is shown that the problem is equi...

In recent years, the rapid development of exoplanet research has provided us with an opportunity to better understand planetary systems in the universe and to search for signs of life. In order to further investigate the prevalence of habitable exopl...

The metric field of general relativity is almost fully determined by its causal structure. Yet, in spin foam models of quantum gravity, the role played by the causal structure is still largely unexplored. The goal of this paper is to clarify how caus...

‘Small-scale cosmology’ is a theory designed to incorporate the linear redshift versus distance relation, which is inferred from observations, into the theoretical framework independent of the global Robertson–Walker–Friedman...

Our starting point is the covariant coordinate transformation equation of a relativistic positioning system in Minkowski space–time that maps the receiver’s emission coordinates (proper times broadcast by the emitters) to its coordinates...

We present the first new type of solution of the pulsar equation since 1999. In it, the whole magnetosphere is confined inside the light cylinder and an electrically charged layer wraps around it and holds it together. The reason this new solution ha...

Both classical and quantum arguments suggest that if Barrow entropy is correct, its index $\delta$ must be energy-dependent, which would affect the very early universe. Based on thermodynamic stability that sufficiently large black holes should not fr...

Because there are a few typos in the supersymmetry-breaking sfermion masses and trilinear soft term, regarding the current Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and dark matter searches, we revisit a three-family Pati–Salam model based on intersecting D6...

Using the rotating vector model (RVM) and aiming to constrain the value of the magnetic inclination angle ($\alpha$), we perform a least-squares fit on the linearly polarized position angles of 125 pulsars from Parkes 64 m archive data at 1400 MHz. Su...

The Schwinger confinement mechanism stipulates that a massless fermion and a massless antifermion are confined as a massive boson when they interact in the Abelian QED interaction in (1+1)D.If we approximate light quarks as massless and apply the Sch...

Millisecond pulsars (MSPs) are known for their long-term stability. Using six years of observations from the Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER), we have conducted an in-depth analysis of the X-ray timing results for six MSPs: PSRs B19...

The Landau problem and harmonic oscillator in the plane share a Hilbert space that carries the structure of Dirac’s remarkable $so(2,3)$ representation. We show that the orthosymplectic algebra $osp\left(1\right|4)$ is the spectrum generating algebra for the...

Extreme-mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs) are significant observational targets for spaceborne gravitational wave detectors, namely, LISA, Taiji, and Tianqin, which involve the inspiral of stellar-mass compact objects into massive black holes (MBHs) with...

In the framework of quantum field theory, we analyze the neutrino oscillations in the presence of a torsion background. We consider the Einstein–Cartan theory and we study the cases of constant torsion and of linearly time-dependent torsion. We...

At least two relics of the Big Bang have survived: the cosmological microwave background (CMB) and the cosmological neutrino background (C$\nu$B). Being the second most abundant particle in the universe, the neutrino has a significant impact on its ev...

We have repeated the experiment performed recently by ATOMKI Laboratory (Debrecen, Hungary), which may indicate a new particle called X17 in the literature. In order to obtain a reliable and independent result, we used a different structure of the el...

The Standard Model is an up-to-date theory that best summarizes current knowledge in particle physics. Although some problems still remain open, it represents the leading model which all physicists refer to. One of the pillars which underpin the Stan...

The origin and evolution of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in our universe have sparked controversy. In this study, we explore the hypothesis that some of these black holes may have seeded from the direct collapse of dark energy domains with densit...

The main feature of elliptical space—the topological identification of its antipodal points—could be fundamental for understanding the nature of the cosmological redshift. The physical interpretation of the mathematical (topological) stru...

This review provides a succinct overview of the basic aspects of neutrino physics. The topics covered include neutrinos in the standard model and the three-neutrino mixing scheme; the current status of neutrino oscillation measurements and what remai...

The development of the latest generation of Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs) over recent decades has led to the discovery of new extreme astrophysical phenomena in the very-high-energy (VHE, E > 100 GeV) gamma-ray regime. Time-doma...

Redshift drift is the phenomenon whereby the observed redshift between an emitter and observer comoving with the Hubble flow in an expanding FLRW universe will slowly evolve—on a timescale comparable to the Hubble time. In a previous article, t...

Hanbury-Brown and Twiss analysis is used to determine the size and timespan of emitted particles. Here, we propose to adapt this method for laser-induced nanoplasmonic inertial confinement fusion to determine the parameters of emitted Deuterium and H...

Neutron stars (NSs) are compact objects that host the densest forms of matter in the observable universe, providing unique opportunities to study the behaviour of matter at extreme densities. While precision measurements of NS masses through pulsar t...

Analogue space-times (and in particular metamaterial analogue space-times) have a long varied and rather complex history. Much of the previous related work to this field has focused on spherically symmetric models; however, axial symmetry is much mor...

Ephemeral Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs) must be powered by some of the most energetic processes in the Universe. That makes them highly interesting in their own right, and as precise probes for estimating cosmological parameters. This field thus poses a u...

Compact stars have been perceived as natural laboratories of matter at an extremely high density. The uncertainties of the equation of state (EOS) of matter can be constrained by observing compact stars. In this review, we investigate the EOSs, globa...

We present the results of a comparison between different methods to estimate the power of relativistic jets from active galactic nuclei (AGN). We selected a sample of 32 objects (21 flat-spectrum radio quasars, 7 BL Lacertae objects, 2 misaligned AGN...

The destructionof clouds by strong shocks and hot winds is the key process responsible for the transporting of metals and dust from the ISM to the ICM/IGM, and establishing the multiphase structure in and around galaxies. In this work, we perform a d...

The present work presents a study of jet production in the central region ($\left|\eta \right|$ < 2.5) and the forward region (3 < $\left|\eta \right|$ < 5) in proton–proton collisions at different energies: $\sqrt{s}$ = 13.6 TeV, $\sqrt{s}$ = 20 TeV, and $\sqrt{s}$ = 27 TeV. These energ...

The $\gamma$-ray sky above a few tens of megaelectronvolts (MeV) reveals some of the most powerful and energetic phenomena of our Universe. The Astrorivelatore Gamma ad Immagini LEggero (AGILE) Gamma-ray Mission was launched in 2007 with the aim of ob...

To explain the observed X-ray data in a black hole–accreting matter system and understand the physical mechanisms behind QPOs, we have numerically modeled the dynamical and oscillation properties of the shock cone formed around both slowly and...