Better methods are needed for mapping agricultural drainage pipe systems. Prior research on small test plots indicates that ground penetrating radar (GPR) is oftentimes capable of detecting buried drainage pipes; however, the feasibility of employing...
Using mobile smart devices to provide urban location-based services (LBS) with sub-meter-level accuracy (around 0.5 m) is a major application field for future global navigation satellite system (GNSS) development. Real-time kinematic (RTK) positionin...
Agricultural robots have demonstrated significant potential in enhancing farm operational efficiency and reducing manual labour. However, unstructured and complex farm environments present challenges to the precise localisation and navigation of robo...
Real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning of the global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) is used to provide centimeter-level positioning accuracy. There are several ways to implement RTK but a Kalman filter-based RTK is preferred because of its superi...
Currently, the primary method for determining the object coordinates is positioning using Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) supported by Inertial Navigation Systems (INS). The main goal of this solution is to ensure high positioning availabi...
Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) real-time kinematic (RTK) has been widely applied in landslide monitoring and warning, since it can provide real-time and high-precision three-dimensional deformation information in all weather and all the ti...
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of a robot combine harvester by comparing the Centimeter Level Augmentation Service (CLAS) and the Multi-Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Advanced Demonstration tool for Orbit and Cloc...
Hydrographic surveys, in accordance with the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) S-44 standard, can be carried out in the following five orders: Exclusive, Special, 1a, 1b and 2, for which minimum accuracy requirements for the applied posit...
Autonomous driving support systems and self-driving cars require the determination of reliable vehicle positions with high accuracy. The real time kinematic (RTK) algorithm with global navigation satellite system (GNSS) is generally employed to obtai...
Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USV) are increasingly used to perform numerous tasks connected with measurements in inland waters and seas. One of such target applications is hydrography, where traditional (manned) bathymetric measurements are increasingl...
In recent years, the most popular methods for determining coastline course are geodetic, satellite, and tacheometric techniques. None of the above-mentioned measurement methods allows marking out the shoreline both in an accurate way and with high co...
Photogrammetric surveys are increasingly being carried out using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV). Steering drones along the flight profiles is one of the main factors that determines the quality of the compiled photogrammetric products. The aim of thi...
UAVs are nowadays used for several surveying activities, some of which imply flying close to tall walls, in and out of tunnels, under bridges, and so forth. In these applications, RTK GNSS positioning delivers results with very variable quality. It a...
The safe operation of unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) demands fundamental and essential requirements for continuous and reliable positioning performance. Traditional coupled navigation systems, combining the global navigation satellite system (GNSS)...
Ambiguity resolution based on smartphone GNSS measurements can enable various potential applications that currently remain difficult due to ambiguity biases, especially under kinematic conditions. This study proposes an improved ambiguity resolution...
Real-Time Kinematic Global Navigation Satellite System (RTK-GNSS) is currently the premier technique for achieving centimeter-level accuracy quickly and easily. However, the robustness of RTK-GNSS diminishes in challenging environments due to severe...
High-precision position estimations of agricultural mobile robots (AMRs) are crucial for implementing control instructions. Although the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and real-time kinematic GNSS (RTK-GNSS) provide high-precision position...
Considering the vulnerability of satellite positioning signals to obstruction and interference in orchard environments, this paper investigates a navigation and positioning method based on real-time kinematic global navigation satellite system (RTK-G...
Repeated and missed spraying are common problems during the working of boom sprayers, especially in the breakpoint continuous process. Therefore, the present study investigated a breakpoint continuous spraying system for automatic-guidance boom spray...
The integration of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) single-frequency (SF) real-time kinematics (RTKs) and inertial navigation system (INS) has the advantages of low-cost and low-power consumption compared to the multiple-frequency GNSS RTK/I...
As the modern navigation business evolves, demands for high-precision positioning in GNSS-challenged environments increase, and the integrated system composed of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)-based Real-Time Kinematic (RTK), inertial syst...
With the availability of multi-frequency, multi-constellation global navigation satellite system (GNSS) modules, precise transportation applications have become attainable. For transportation applications, GNSS geodetic-grade receivers can achieve an...
Accurate and reliable positioning is a fundamental requirement for marine applications, particularly in hydrographic surveying, where real-time data acquisition is essential. Despite recent advances in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) techno...
In the new agricultural scenarios, the interaction between autonomous tractors and a human operator is important when they jointly perform a task. Obtaining and exchanging accurate localization information between autonomous tractors and the human op...
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have revolutionised the availability of high resolution topographic data in many disciplines due to their relatively low-cost and ease of deployment. Consumer-grade Real Time Kinematic Global Navigation Satellite Syste...
The Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) positioning algorithm is a promising positioning technique that can provide real-time centimeter-level positioning precision in GNSS-friendly areas. However, the performance of RTK can degrade in GNSS-hostile areas like...
Global Navigation Satellite System Real-time Kinematic (GNSS-RTK) is an indispensable source for the absolute positioning of autonomous systems. Unfortunately, the performance of the GNSS-RTK is significantly degraded in urban canyons, due to the not...
An inter-system differencing model between two Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) enables only one reference satellite for all observations. If the associated differential inter-system biases (DISBs) are priori known, double-differenced (DD)...
The global navigation satellite system (GNSS) real-time kinematic (RTK) technique is used to achieve relative positioning centimeter levels among multiple agents on the move. A typical GNSS RTK estimates the relative positions of multiple rover recei...
With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence, particularly in fields such as autonomous driving, drone delivery, and logistics automation, the demand for high-precision and robust navigation services has become critical. In complex and dynam...
Real-time kinematic (RTK) technique is widely used in modern society because of its high accuracy and real-time positioning. The appearance of Android P and the application of BCM47755 chipset make it possible to use single-frequency RTK and dual-fre...
The integration of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Real-Time Kinematics (RTK) can provide high-precision, real-time, and global coverage of location information in open areas. But in arboretum environment, the ability to achieve continuous...
The integration of the Global Positioning System (GPS) and the Inertial Navigation System (INS) based on Real-time Kinematic (RTK) and Single Point Positioning (SPP) technology have been applied as a powerful approach in kinematic positioning and att...
Multiple-reference-station-based real-time kinematics (MR-RTK) is an advanced RTK technique that leverages global navigation satellite system (GNSS) measurements from multiple reference stations and their known baselines. This study investigates the...
Accurate and robust positioning is a critical enabler for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) applications, ranging from mapping and inspection to emerging Urban Air Mobility (UAM). While Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) remain the backbone of ab...
This study integrates path planning, fuzzy theory, neural networks, image processing, range sensors, webcam, global navigation satellite system (GNSS), and real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning system into an intelligent wheeled mobile robot (WMR) fo...
The emerging Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) including the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) offer more visible satellites for positioning users. To employ those new satellites in a real-time kinematic (RTK) algorithm to enhance pos...
This study proposes an algorithm that controls an autonomous, multi-purpose, center-articulated hydrostatic transmission rover to navigate along crop rows. This multi-purpose rover (MPR) is being developed to harvest undefoliated cotton to expand the...
As a significant space–time infrastructure, the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) provides high-precision positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) information to users all over the world. However, GNSS real-time kinematic (RTK) mobile...
In the context of automatic driving, the analysis of the steering motion characteristics is critical for enhancing the efficiency of crawler harvesters. To address issues such as the low transmission efficiency and the large steering radius encounter...
To enable Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)-based precise relative positioning, real-time kinematic (RTK) systems have been widely used. However, an RTK system often suffers from a wrong integer ambiguity fix in the GNSS carrier phase measure...
High-output-rate relative positions are required for high-speed safety-critical kinematic-to-kinematic applications such as pre-crash sensing and shipboard landing. We propose a real-time, high-output-rate relative positioning method based on the int...
In this work, a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) buoy that utilizes a Virtual Base Station (VBS) combined with the Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) positioning technology was developed to monitor water surface elevations in estuaries and coastal ar...
New guidelines and procedures for real-time (RT) network-based solutions are required in order to support Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) derived heights. Two kinds of experiments were carried out to analyze the performance of the network-...
Precise point positioning (PPP) has received much attention in recent years for its low cost, high accuracy, and global coverage. Nowadays, PPP with ambiguity resolution and atmospheric augmentation is widely regarded as PPP-RTK (real-time kinematic)...
For the last two decades, the American GPS and Russian GLONASS were the basic systems used in global positioning and navigation. In recent years, there has been significant progress in the development of positioning systems. New regional systems have...
Understanding social behaviour in livestock groups requires accurate geo-spatial localisation data over time which is difficult to obtain in the field. Automated on-animal devices may provide a solution. This study introduced an Real-Time-Kinematic G...
Precise position, velocity, and attitude is essential for self-driving cars and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The integration of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) real-time kinematics (RTK) and inertial measurement units (IMUs) is able to...
Dual-frequency Global Positioning System (GPS) Real-time Kinematics (RTK) has been proven in the past few years to be a reliable and efficient technique to obtain high accuracy positioning. However, there are still challenges for GPS single-frequency...
Precise point positioning (PPP) and its integer ambiguity resolution-enabled variant, PPP-RTK (real-time kinematic), can benefit enormously from the integration of multiple global navigation satellite systems (GNSS). In such a multi-GNSS landscape, t...
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