Search Results (16,150)

The spread of infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, presents a significant problem for public health and healthcare systems. Digital technology plays an important role in achieving access to healthcare by enhancing device connectivity and information sharing. This study aimed to develop, implement, and demonstrate a tracking and surveillance system to enhance monitoring for emerging infectious diseases, focusing on COVID-19 patient profiling. The system integrates IoT-based wearable devices, an artificial intelligence (AI) camera for real-time monitoring, and a MySQL database for data management. The program uses Charts.js for data visualization and Longdo Map API for mapping, leveraging Jetson Nano boards, webcams, and Python (Version 3.9). We employed a classification technique to categorize patients into two groups: those with a positive mood and those with a negative mood. For comparing accuracies, we utilized three types of models: multilayer perceptron (MLP), support vector machine (SVM), and random forest. Model validation and evaluation were conducted using Python programming. The results of this study fall into three parts. The first part involved testing the monitoring and surveillance system. It was found that the system could receive information from the wearable device, display the received data in graph form, and notify the medical staff when examining symptoms to consider whether the patient should be taken to the hospital. The second part focused on testing the device, and it was found that it could measure body temperature, heart rate, and blood oxygen levels (SpO₂) and send those data to the database. The third part involved an AI camera test, and it was found that the most suitable algorithm to analyze the patient’s facial expressions was Random Forest. The results show that the system supports hospitals in managing COVID-19 and similar diseases by enabling timely interventions through facial expression analysis. Full article

Fusarium wilt of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans (Foc), poses a significant threat to global cabbage production. Although resistance screening and the initial cloning of resistance genes in cabbage have been previously reported, the specific molecular mechanisms underlying cabbage resistance to Foc remain largely unknown. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, we performed RNA sequencing analysis on a near-isogenic resistant line YR01_20 and a susceptible NIL line S01_20 by comparing both Foc-inoculated and mock-inoculated conditions. A total of 508.6 million sequencing raw reads (76.8 Gb data volume) were generated across all samples. Bioinformatics analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between S01_20 and YR01_20 revealed significant enrichment in plant hormone signaling and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Notably, BolC06g030650.2J, encoding the plant defensin protein PDF1.2, was significantly upregulated in both pathways. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis confirmed that PDF1.2 was significantly upregulated in the resistant line at 12 h post-inoculation and remained elevated for up to 144 h. Furthermore, transgenic cabbage overexpressing PDF1.2 exhibited significantly enhanced resistance to Foc. Taken together, these findings advance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing cabbage resistance to Fusarium wilt and identify PDF1.2 as a genetic target for breeding Foc-resistant cabbage cultivars through molecular approaches. Full article

In view of the limited applicability of traditional chemical flooding and binary composite flooding for heavy-oil reservoirs, branched-preformed particle gel (B-PPG) with excellent plugging performance was added to construct the B-PPG/SP (B-PPG/surfactant/polymer) composite system. Through sand pack flooding experiments, it has been proven that the synergistic effect between B-PPG and polymer can expand the swept area and increase the contact between the viscosity reducer and heavy oil, enabling the viscosity reducer to better exert emulsification and viscosity reduction effects. The synergistic effect between B-PPG, polymer and viscosity reducer can further expand the swept area and oil displacement efficiency, ultimately enhancing the heavy-oil recovery by 37.8%. Microscopic visualization flooding experiments proved that cluster remaining oil accounts for the largest proportion in the microscopic remaining oil in heavy oil. By adding B-PPG and polymers, cluster remaining oil can be effectively displaced, thereby significantly enhancing the heavy-oil recovery. And adding viscosity reducer to the composite system can effectively enhance the dispersed residual oil recovery within the swept area. The sand pack flooding experiments with different heavy-oil viscosity proved that the optimal oil viscosity of the B-PPG/SP composite system can reach 657.2 mPa·s, with an incremental oil recovery rate increase of 30.2%. Full article

Members of Eubacteriaceae are involved in host health and diseases. Two Gram-stain-positive, strictly anaerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, and rod-shaped bacterial strains, HA2171^T and HA2172^T, were isolated from the feces of Chinese healthy donors. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, HA2171^T and HA2172^T belonged to the family Eubacteriaceae. Physiological and biochemical characterizations indicated that HA2171^T and HA2172^T were neutrophilic, mesophilic, and tolerant to low-concentration NaCl. The major cellular fatty acids (>10.0%) of HA2171^T were C_16:0, C_14:0, C_18:1ω7c, and C_17:0 2-OH, and those of HA2172^T were C_14:0 and C_16:0. MK-6 was the respiratory quinone in both strains. Phylogenetic and phylogenomic analyses showed that HA2171^T was closest to Anaerofustis stercorihominis ATCC BAA-858^T and that HA2172^T as closest to Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus ATCC 23263^T. Genome annotation revealed that the HA2171^T and HA2172^T were able to metabolize carbohydrates and produce acetate and butyrate. HA2172^T contains genes associated with hydrogen sulfide production, which is a potential risk for diseases. Based on the phylogenetic, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic characteristics, we propose that HA2171^T and HA2172^T represent two novel species, and the names Anaerofustis butyriciformans sp. nov. and Pseudoramibacter faecis sp. nov. are proposed. Full article

This study evaluated the efficacy and optimal concentrations of Kappaphycus alvarezii biostimulant from São Paulo (Kal-SP) and Santa Catarina (Kal-SC) for the hydroponic cultivation of basil (Ocimum basilicum). Basil plants were grown with 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7% concentrations of each extract using distilled water as a control. The extracts were applied via weekly foliar sprays. Morphological and biochemical parameters, in addition to the biogenic amine profile, were evaluated. Morphologically, 3% Kal-SP increased plant height by 17.1% and length of the roots by 54.8%, while 3% and 5% Kal-SC enhanced node number by 95.2% and 120.2%, respectively. Biochemically, 5% Kal-SP and 1% and 7% Kal-SC maximized chlorophyll and carotenoid content, 5% Kal-SP and 5–7% Kal-SC increased soluble sugars, and 7% Kal-SP and 3–7% Kal-SC elevated starch. Amino acid levels were the highest with 7% Kal-SP and 5% Kal-SC. The biogenic amine profile was also modulated by the K. alvarezii extracts, demonstrating their ability to influence compounds of interest. The results suggest that 3% or higher concentrations of these extracts can be beneficially applied to basil cultivation, with potential variations depending on the seaweed’s geographic origin. Full article

The problem of the foul odor caused by H₂S in livestock farms has become a major complaints. In this study, optimal sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) strains were screened from dairy farm wastewater and the adjacent soil for odor treatment. The strains and physiological functions were determined by identification and genome comparison, and the optimal operating conditions were determined by experiments under different conditions. The identification results showed that the strain that had the highest homology with Halomonas mongoliensis was Halomonas sp. AEB2. The comparative genomic results showed that the average nucleotide identity and DNA–DNA hybridization value were 95.8% and 68.6%, respectively. The optimization results were as follows: sodium succinate-carbon (10 g/L) and ammonium chloride-nitrogen (0.07 g/L). The optimal operating conditions were as follows: seeding rate 4%, temperature 30 °C, stirring speed 90 rpm, and pH 8. The oxidation products of AEB2 were mainly elemental sulfur and tetrathionate, and the metabolic pathway of AEB2 was constructed accordingly. This study suggests a feasible path to reduce H₂S emissions from dairy farms, and it provides theoretical support for the restoration of livestock environment and sustainability. Full article

This study optimized operating parameters to enhance cellulase production and evaluated scale-up feasibility in submerged fermentation (SmF) using Trichoderma sp. KMF006. Flask-scale experiments assessed the effects of Avicel:cellulose ratios (4:0–0:4), agitation speeds (150–210 rpm), and turbulence (baffled vs. non-baffled flasks), with optimized conditions applied to a 10 L bioreactor. A 3:1 Avicel:cellulose ratio (A3C1) significantly accelerated cellulase production, reaching peak activity 6 days earlier than Avicel alone. An agitation speed of 180 rpm was optimal, balancing enzyme activity and energy efficiency. Turbulence enhanced cellulase yields, with baffled flasks increasing EG, BGL, and CBH activities 19.9-, 6.2-, and 8.9-fold, respectively, compared to the control. Biochar further improved cellulase production but only under turbulent conditions, demonstrating a synergistic effect. At the bioreactor scale, the A3-180_Imp (A3C1, 180 rpm, impeller-induced turbulence) achieved the highest enzymatic activity (33.60 U/mL EG, 3.46 U/mL BGL, and 0.63 U/mL CBH). The filter paper unit (FPU) was 84 FPU/mL, a two-fold increase compared to the control. However, excessive turbulence at 210 rpm reduced enzyme stability, emphasizing the importance of balancing shear stress. These findings provide a systematic framework for optimizing SmF conditions, highlighting the significance of balancing hydrodynamic conditions for efficient cellulase production at an industrial scale. Full article

Background/Objectives: The incidence, timing, and predictors of hemodynamic and respiratory deterioration in patients with high-risk or intermediate-high-risk pulmonary embolism (PE) undergoing pulmonary mechanical thrombectomy (PMT) remain poorly understood. This hemodynamic and respiratory instability can lead to modifications in the anesthetic management. This study investigates these key factors and quantifies the 30-day mortality following thrombectomy. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 98 patients aged ≥18 years who underwent PMT. Patients were categorized based on the occurrence of cardiac arrest (CA). Results: Of the 98 patients, 34 had high-risk PE, 62 intermediate/high-risk, and 2 low risk. There were 27 cases of CA, 17 pre- and 10 intra-PMT. An SBP < 90 mmHg increases the risk of CA by 33 (p < 0.001); men have an 8-fold higher risk than women (p = 0.004); SpO₂ <90% by 6 (p = 0.012); and pre-existing respiratory conditions increase the risk by 4 (p = 0.047)). N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels were 8206 ± 11660.86 and 2388.50 ± 5683.71 pg/mL (p = 0.035) in patients with and without CA, respectively. During PMT, 14% of patients required increased vasoactive drug use, and 38.77% were intubated, including 12 who required ECMO support. Sedation was administered in 64.3% of patients, while general anesthesia was used in 38.8%, with a preemptive indication in 23.5%. The survival rate of patients without CA before and/or during PMT was 96%. Conclusions: While PMT was successfully performed in all patients, hemodynamic and respiratory instability remained a significant concern. More than 10% of patients experienced severe hemodynamic instability, primarily during thrombus extraction, requiring conversion from sedation to general anesthesia. Male sex, pre-existing respiratory disease, SpO₂ < 90%, and SBP < 90 mmHg were associated with an increased risk of CA. Additionally, elevated NT-proBNP levels were linked to a higher incidence of CA. Full article

Background: Total mesorectal excision (TME) remains the gold standard for the resection of rectal cancer regardless of the modality: open, laparoscopic, or robotic. The transanal TME (TaTME) approach has been utilized to overcome the difficulties encountered with the dissection of tumors in the distal pelvis. Recently, a single-port robotic approach (rSPa) was introduced, where three arms and a camera emanate from a 2.5 cm diameter port. This report presents the first experience in the United States combining those two approaches (rSPa TaTME) in rectal cancer, evaluating its safety and oncologic outcomes. Methods: This is a retrospective review of our prospectively maintained rectal cancer database. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, neoadjuvant treatment, and oncologic and surgical outcomes were recorded. Results: Between May 2022 and August 2024, ten patients (six females, four males) with a median age at surgery of 53 years (range: 38–85) and a mean BMI of 26 (±5) kg/m² were included for analysis. The median distance of tumors from the anorectal junction was 3.2 cm (range: 2–5.3 cm). All patients had negative margins, with eight complete TME specimens, one near complete, and one incomplete. The mean number of lymph nodes harvested was 24 (±11). The average operative time was 351 (243–411) min. The average length of stay was four days. The ileostomy was reversed in nine out of ten patients. Six patients experienced complications within 30 days of surgery. There were no local or distal recurrences, with a mean follow-up of 20 months (range: 4–30). Conclusions: rSPa TaTME is a unique and innovative method of combining two minimally advanced approaches for the resection of distal rectal cancers, with acceptable surgical and oncologic outcomes. Full article

Interactions between honeybees and the environment are often difficult to achieve, particularly when the purpose is to optimize beekeeping production. The present study proposed to monitor the space-time variations of melliferous resources potentially exploited by colonies within a foraging area in Bosnia & Herzegovina, characterized by contrasting landscapes. The combination of methods involving Geographical Information Systems, floristic monitoring, and modelling enabled honey production potential to be calculated for the entire foraging area. In particular, the location of taxa, their abundance, diversity, and phenology enabled us to determine the spatial distribution and temporal variation of production potential. Robinia pseudoacacia and Rubus sp. made a major contribution. This potential was highly contrasted, with distant areas from the apiary more attractive than closer ones, depending on the moment. Specific periods, such as June were particularly conducive to establishing a high potential. Forest and grassland played a major role in the temporal succession, mainly because of the area covered, but moments with lower potential were supported by specific land uses (orchards). Land uses with a small surface area, such as orchards, wasteland, and riparian zones had a high potential per unit area, and improving the production potential within a foraging area could involve increasing these specific surfaces. Full article

Anthracnose is a phytosanitary issue caused by various species of Colletotrichum. This study aims to revise the presence of Colletotrichum in the south of Mexico (the Soconusco area in Chiapas) and assess the inhibitory capacity of Paenibacillus sp. NMA1017 against Colletotrichum in in vitro and field experiments. The study involved sampling pods with anthracnose from 17 sites in the Soconusco area, Chiapas, Mexico. The incidence of the disease ranged from 0.6 to 11.63%. A total of 142 isolates exhibiting the morphological characteristics of the Colletotrichum genus were obtained. Fifty selected isolates were identified using the ITS region and were classified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides with 99% similarity. The concatenation of morphological and physiological characteristics resulted in nine main clusters. The in vitro test showed that Paenibacillus sp. NMA1017 inhibited the fungal growth of selected strains by 30–50%. The field experiments included three commercial biocontrol agents, Paenibacillus sp. NMA1017, and a water control. The incidence of anthracnose (control with water) ranged from 32 to 65%, while the commercial biocontrol agents and Paenibacillus showed an incidence range of 12 to 20%. These findings support the use of Paenibacillus sp. NMA1017 as a biocontrol agent for cacao anthracnose. Full article

Introduction: In recent years, due to the increasing life expectancy and the growing popularity of nephron sparing strategies (NSS), more elderly and frail patients are undergoing Robotic-Assisted Partial Nephrectomy (RAPN) for the treatment of localized Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC). A Single Port Approach has demonstrated itself to reduce estimated blood loss (EBL), complication rates, and length of stay (LOS). In the present study, we aim to compare perioperative and postoperative outcomes of SP RAPN and Multi Port (MP) RAPN, with a focus on elderly patients. Materials and Methods: In the study, 293 cN0M0 RCC patients who underwent MP and SP RAPN performed at our institution from 2018 to 2024 were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical, demographic, patient, and tumor characteristics and perioperative variables were assessed across group A (<65 years old) and group B (≥65 years old) patients, as well as MP and SP cohorts. Subsequently, univariate and multivariate regression analyses were carried out, particularly for elderly patients, to evaluate the impact of selected preoperative and perioperative variables on the risk of 30-day postoperative complications. Results: Clinical and demographic characteristics were similar across the MP and SP cohorts of group A and group B. The SP cohort of both group A and group B demonstrated significantly higher rates of extraperitoneal access (75.9% vs. 26.6% for group A, p < 0.001 and 81.8% vs. 26.2% for group B, p < 0.001), shorter median operative times (186 [142.8–222] min vs. 190 [153–238] min for group A, p < 0.001 and 173.5 [143–228] min vs. 206 [178–237] min for group B, p < 0.001), and shorter median LOS (0 [0–1] days vs. 2 [1–3] days for group A, p < 0.001 and 0 [0,1] days vs. 2 [2–4] days for group B, p < 0.001). Moreover, for both groups, an SP approach required significantly longer median ischemia times (21 min [18–31] vs. 20 min [16–24] for group A, p = 0.02 and 24.5 min [20–28] vs. 19.5 min [16–26] for group B, p = 0.03). However, the SP cohort of group B, despite the lower rate of on-clamp procedures (63.4% vs. 90.5%, p = 0.03), demonstrated significantly lower median EBL (50 mL [31–142] vs. 100 mL [50–200], p = 0.03). At multivariate analysis, the SP approach was an independent predictor of lower 30-day postoperative complications (OR: 0.2, 95%CI 0.04–0.9, p = 0.04). Conclusions: In the present study, elderly patients undergoing SP RAPN did not demonstrate higher complication rates, EBL or hospitalization days compared to their younger counterparts. Moreover, an SP approach was found protective for 30-day postoperative complications. Our results suggest that SP RAPN is feasible and safe in older and frailer patients. Full article

Colombia has the fourth largest livestock herd on the American continent. Cattle farms are expanding in Colombia, sometimes impacting traditional communities and reserves. This is especially true for the Zenú ethnic group, whose ancestral territory includes the valleys of the Sinú and San Jorge rivers, as well as the Caribbean coast around the Gulf of Morrosquillo, in the departments of Córdoba and Sucre. The present study examined the prevalence of trypanosomatids and Anaplasma spp. in zebu cattle grazing in seven Zenú communities in the Sucre department. Of the 110 cattle sampled, 56 (50.9%) tested positive for trypanosomatids. Forty 18S rRNA gene sequences generated showed >99% identity with Trypanosoma theileri, while one sequence demonstrated 99.6% identity with Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis; sequencing of the remaining 15 positive samples was unsuccessful. Regarding Anaplasma spp., 96 (87.3%) samples were positive, and the 14 msp4 gene sequences generated displayed >99% identity with Anaplasma marginale. Thus, T. theileri and A. marginale were prevalent in cattle from all Zenú communities, while Leishmania (Viannia) sp. was found in a cow from the community of La Gallera. Our findings indicate that these agents are common in zebu cattle from Zenú communities, underscoring the need for preventive measures to reduce the infection burden and potential implications for cattle production in these areas. Full article

Feature extraction for speech emotion recognition (SER) has evolved from handcrafted techniques through deep learning methods to embeddings derived from pre-trained models (PTMs). This study presents the first comparative analysis focused on using PTMs for Spanish SER, evaluating six models—Whisper, Wav2Vec 2.0, WavLM, HuBERT, TRILLsson, and CLAP—across six emotional speech databases: EmoMatchSpanishDB, MESD, MEACorpus, EmoWisconsin, INTER1SP, and EmoFilm. We propose a robust framework combining layer-wise feature extraction with Leave-One-Speaker-Out validation to ensure interpretable model comparisons. Our method significantly outperforms existing state-of-the-art benchmarks, notably achieving scores on metrics such as F1 on EmoMatchSpanishDB (88.32%), INTER1SP (99.83%), and MEACorpus (92.53%). Layer-wise analyses reveal optimal emotional representation extraction at early layers in 24-layer models and middle layers in larger architectures. Additionally, TRILLsson exhibits remarkable generalization in speaker-independent evaluations, highlighting the necessity of strategic model selection, fine-tuning, and language-specific adaptations to maximize SER performance for Spanish. Full article

Watermelon is one of the most important fruits in China, accounting for more than 70% of the world’s total output. Fusarium wilt of watermelon is the most common and serious disease in the cultivation of watermelon. It is mainly caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (FoN), which has caused serious damage to the watermelon-planting industry. Some mycoviruses can reduce the pathogenicity of host pathogens and have the potential for biocontrol, so their application potential in the biological control of plant fungal diseases has attracted much attention. In this study, high-throughput sequencing was performed on 150 FoN strains isolated from three major watermelon-production areas (northern semi-arid area, northwestern arid area, and southern humid area) to detect the diversity of mycoviruses and to uncover new mycoviruses. The analysis identified 25 partial or complete genome segments representing eight previously undescribed mycoviruses. The existence of six mycoviruses was verified via RT-PCR. The southern humid area had the highest diversity of mycoviruses, with 15 species identified. Among these, 40% are dsRNA viruses and 33.3% belong to the family Chrysoviridae, representing the predominant viral type and family. In the northern semi-arid area, a total of 12 viral species were identified, among these 41.7% were +ssRNA viruses and 25% belonged to the family Mymonaviridae, constituting the main viral types and family. The northwestern arid area showed relatively low viral diversity, only containing three species. Two of these were +ssRNA viruses classified under the Mitoviridae and Potyviridae families. Notably, only one virus, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum Potyvirus 1 (FoNPTV1), was shared across all three areas. These findings reveal significant regional differences in the mycoviral species composition and distribution, highlighting the complex interactions between mycoviruses and FoN in different environments. By uncovering new mycoviruses associated with FoN, this study provides valuable resources for the potential biocontrol of Fusarium wilt in watermelon, contributing to sustainable disease management and improving the quality and safety of watermelon production in China. Full article