New Advances in Musculoskeletal Disorders

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Topic Information

Dear Colleagues,

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are the leading contributor to disability worldwide, with lower back pain being the single leading cause of disability across 160 countries. Disability associated with MSDs has been increasing, and it is projected to rapidly increase in the coming decades due to population increase and aging. MSDs are considered work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) if an event or exposure in the work environment either caused or contributed to the resulting disorders or significantly aggravated a pre-existing disorder. In the USA, 272,780 WMSD cases were reported in 2018, with the incidence rate of 27.2 per 10,000 full-time workers, accounting for approximately 30% of all occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work. Therefore, it is crucial to survey the prevalence and risk factors of WMSDs and to develop preventive measures to reduce WMSDs.

This Topic focuses on updating our knowledge concerning WMSDs. New research papers, reviews, case studies and any WMSDs relevant studies are also welcome to this Topic. The major themes of which are as follows:

• Prevalence of WMSDs by industry and country;
• Symptoms by body parts;
• Smart assessment tools and their applications in industry;
• Interventions and their effects;
• Relationships between risk factors and specific WMSDs;
• Diagnosis methods;
• Effects of individual differences and psychosocial, environmental, and organizational factors on WMSDs.

Prof. Dr. Dohyung Kee
Prof. Dr. Inseok Lee
Topic Editors

Keywords

Participating Journals

Journal Name	Impact Factor	CiteScore	Launched Year	First Decision (median)	APC
Diagnostics diagnostics	3.0	4.7	2011	20.3 Days	CHF 2600
Healthcare healthcare	2.4	3.5	2013	20.3 Days	CHF 2700
Journal of Clinical Medicine jcm	3.0	5.7	2012	16 Days	CHF 2600
Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology jfmk	2.6	4.2	2016	19.7 Days	CHF 1600
Medicina medicina	2.4	3.3	1920	17.1 Days	CHF 2200
Therapeutics therapeutics	-	-	2024	15.0 days *	CHF 1000

* Median value for all MDPI journals in the second half of 2024.

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Published Papers (14 papers)

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14 pages, 2923 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

More than Just Type 1 or Type 2: Radiologically and Anatomically Refined Lunate Classification Correlating Ulnar Carpal Alignment and Hamate-Lunate Osteoarthrosis

by Wolfram Demmer, Lia K. Fialka, Jens Waschke, Irene Mesas Aranda, Elisabeth Haas-Lützenberger, Riccardo Giunta and Paul Reidler

J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2025, 10(2), 141; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk10020141 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

Background: Hamate-lunate impingement or osteoarthritis can be a cause of ulnar-sided wrist pain. In the literature, the lunate has commonly been classified according to the configuration of its distal articular surface into type 1 and type 2, as described by Viegas. A type [...] Read more.

Background: Hamate-lunate impingement or osteoarthritis can be a cause of ulnar-sided wrist pain. In the literature, the lunate has commonly been classified according to the configuration of its distal articular surface into type 1 and type 2, as described by Viegas. A type 1 lunate possesses only a distal articular surface for the capitate, while a type 2 lunate shows an additional medial facet articulating directly with the hamate. Type 2 lunates have been identified as a risk factor for ulnar-sided wrist pain and the development of osteoarthritis in the midcarpal wrist. However, this does not sufficiently explain all arthritic changes between the hamate and lunate. Methods: In this prospective anatomical-radiological cadaver study, 60 wrists were examined. The midcarpal articulation was documented using conventional X-ray, CT arthrography, and anatomical dissection. The study specifically analyzed the positioning of the lunate relative to the hamate apex and its association with the development of hamate-lunate osteoarthritis. For this purpose, the classification by Viegas was refined. Based on posterior-anterior (p.a.) X-ray examinations of the wrist lunates were divided into type 1a, type 1b, and type 2. The type 1a lunate articulates only with the capitate in the midcarpal joint. The type 1b lunate also articulates only with the capitate; however, medially, the apex of the hamate protrudes beyond a Differentiation Line (D-line), which extends from the radial border of the trapezium or the ulnar border of the lunotriquetral (LT) space, without forming a facet with the lunate. A type 2 lunate articulates distally with the capitate and has an additional medial facet with the hamate. Results: Osteoarthritis between the hamate and lunate was observed in both Viegas type 1 and type 2 lunates. According to our refined lunate classification, both in situ and radiologically, type 1b and type 2 lunates showed a substantially higher prevalence and severity of hamate-lunate osteoarthritis compared to type 1a lunates. However, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of hamate-lunate osteoarthritis between type 1b and type 2 lunates. Conclusions: Assessing lunate type and signs of osteoarthritis is essential when evaluating patients with ulnar-sided wrist pain. Our study demonstrates that osteoarthritis in Viegas type 1 lunate is influenced by the position of the hamate apex relative to the D-line. The refined lunate classification, based on correlated radiological and anatomical studies of the wrist, provides a straightforward method for identifying a potential cause of ulnar-sided wrist pain on p.a. X-rays. This classification can help guide further diagnostic and therapeutic decisions, such as wrist arthroscopy with possible resection of the hamate apex. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic New Advances in Musculoskeletal Disorders)

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12 pages, 976 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

The Features of Children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis with Cervical Spine Involvement in the Data from a Retrospective Study Cohort

by Lubov S. Sorokina, Artem K. Artamonov, Maria A. Kaneva, Natalia A. Gordeeva, Rinat K. Raupov, Alexander Yu. Mushkin, Dmitri O. Ivanov and Mikhail M. Kostik

J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2025, 10(1), 68; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk10010068 - 15 Feb 2025

Viewed by 499

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Cervical spine arthritis (CSA) in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) can lead to clinically significant and irreversible functional impairment. Our study aimed to evaluate the features of the JIA disease course in children with CSA. Methods: In the retrospective cohort study, [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Cervical spine arthritis (CSA) in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) can lead to clinically significant and irreversible functional impairment. Our study aimed to evaluate the features of the JIA disease course in children with CSA. Methods: In the retrospective cohort study, the data from medical charts of children with JIA (n = 753) who corresponded to the ILAR criteria and were treated from 2007 to 2016 were included. CSA was diagnosed by clinical manifestations (pain and limited range of motion) with radiological confirmation in the available cases. Results: CSA had 101 JIA patients (13.4%), predominantly with polyarticular (48%, OR = 1.8 (1.2; 2.7), p < 0.001) and systemic (18.9%, OR = 3.6 [2.0; 6.6], p < 0.001) JIA categories. CSA was associated with longer disease duration, higher inflammatory activity, a higher number of active joints, a lower probability of achieving remission (HR = 1.33 (95% CI: 1.01; 1.76, p = 0.04)), and a higher probability of being treated with biologics (HR = 1.78 (95% CI: 1.22; 2.59, p = 0.002)). Patients with temporomandibular arthritis (OR = 10.4 [5.4; 19.8], p < 0.001) and shoulder arthritis (OR = 14.1 [7.5; 26.3], p < 0.001) had the highest risk of having CSA. Conclusions: CSA was an independent predictor of treatment with biologics and failure to achieve remission. Identified predictors can help to find the group of patients with higher suspicion for whom the functional tests and MRI are required to not miss the CSA. A radiology assessment of CSA should be performed as far as possible in children, unless there are risks of general anesthesia for younger patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic New Advances in Musculoskeletal Disorders)

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11 pages, 951 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Sarcopenia Index Is Correlated with Osteoporosis in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

by Segi Kim, Simho Jeong, Kyeongmi Kim, Junhee Sung, Do Kyung Kim and Soonchul Lee

Diagnostics 2025, 15(1), 96; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15010096 - 3 Jan 2025

Viewed by 804

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the sarcopenia index (SI), which is derived from serum creatinine and cystatin C levels, and osteoporosis in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: This study initially included patients who underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and [...] Read more.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the sarcopenia index (SI), which is derived from serum creatinine and cystatin C levels, and osteoporosis in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: This study initially included patients who underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and serum creatinine and cystatin C testing between 2005 and 2022. Subsequently, patients diagnosed with CKD were selected for the final analysis, totaling 102 patients. Both traditional and new SI were calculated, with each participant categorized into one of two groups (non-osteoporosis and osteoporosis) according to bone mineral density. To enhance statistical validity, the patients were further divided into low- and high-index groups based on the median value of both indices for comparative analysis. The association between SI and the risk of osteoporosis was estimated using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results: Participants with lower SI values had lower bone mineral density and a higher diabetes mellitus prevalence. The non-osteoporotic group exhibited significantly higher mean values for both traditional and new SI. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified three statistically significant variables: both indices, sex, and diabetes mellitus. Both traditional and new SI yielded individual odds ratios of 0.906 with estimated areas under the curve of 0.847 for traditional SI and 0.833 for new SI. Conclusions: This study confirmed that both traditional and new SI are associated with osteoporosis in patients with CKD. Therefore, clinicians can raise the suspicion of osteoporosis based on traditional and new SI in patients with CKD, even when DXA results are unavailable. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic New Advances in Musculoskeletal Disorders)

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10 pages, 3109 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Range of Flexion Improvement in Degenerative Stages of the First Metatarsophalangeal Joint (Hallux rigidus) with Cross-Linked Hyaluronic Acid: A Cadaveric Study

by Annabel Capell Morera, Elena de Planell Mas, Laura Perez Palma and Maria Cristina Manzanares-Céspedes

J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2024, 9(4), 259; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk9040259 - 6 Dec 2024

Viewed by 853

Abstract

Background: Viscosupplementation consists of intraarticular hyaluronic acid injections applied to treat pain and improve joint mobility. The objective of the study was to analyze the improvement of the range of mobility of the first metatarsophalangeal joint with a single dose of cross-linked hyaluronic [...] Read more.

Background: Viscosupplementation consists of intraarticular hyaluronic acid injections applied to treat pain and improve joint mobility. The objective of the study was to analyze the improvement of the range of mobility of the first metatarsophalangeal joint with a single dose of cross-linked hyaluronic acid. Methods: Ten fresh frozen specimens of feet sectioned below the knee were selected. Before and after the infiltration procedure, the range of flexion was calculated for all specimen’s metatarsophalangeal joints. To detect complications due to the procedure, five feet were dissected and five were sectioned with a diamond saw. Results: The range of the first metatarsophalangeal joint flexion differences between the preoperative and the postoperative period was as follows: (1) 47° (range, 37–51.5) to 58° (range, 49–69.5) degrees of loaded dorsiflexion (p > 0.006); (2) 41° (range, 40–51.5) to 58° (range, 52.5–66.5) degrees of unloaded dorsiflexion (p > 0.009); and (3) 14° (range, 10.5–24.25) to 16° (range, 14.25–28.5) degrees of unloaded plantarflexion (p > 0.083). No injuries of anatomical structures were observed either by anatomical dissection or in the anatomical sections. Conclusions: The results obtained in this viscosupplementation study demonstrate the improvement of the range of mobility of the first metatarsophalangeal joint without evidence of extravasation and lesions of the periarticular anatomical structures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic New Advances in Musculoskeletal Disorders)

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16 pages, 2343 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Automated Diagnosis of Knee Osteoarthritis Using ResNet101 on a DEEP:PHI: Leveraging a No-Code AI Platform for Efficient and Accurate Medical Image Analysis

by Kyu-Hong Lee, Ro-Woon Lee, Jae-Sung Yun, Myung-Sub Kim and Hyun-Seok Choi

Diagnostics 2024, 14(21), 2451; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14212451 - 1 Nov 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1628

Abstract

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative joint disease significantly impacting global health. Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective management, but traditional methods often rely on subjective assessments. This study evaluates the efficacy of a deep learning model implemented through [...] Read more.

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative joint disease significantly impacting global health. Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective management, but traditional methods often rely on subjective assessments. This study evaluates the efficacy of a deep learning model implemented through a no-code AI platform for diagnosing and grading knee OA from plain radiographs. Methods: We utilized the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) dataset, comprising knee X-ray data from 1526 patients. The data were split into training (47.0%), validation (26.5%), and test (26.5%) sets. We employed a ResNet101 model on the DEEP:PHI no-code AI platform for image analysis. The model was trained to classify knee OA into five grades (0–4) based on the Kellgren–Lawrence scale. Results: Our AI model demonstrated high accuracy in distinguishing between different OA grades, with particular strength in early-stage detection. The model achieved optimal performance at 20 epochs, suggesting efficient learning dynamics. Grad-CAM visualizations were used to enhance the interpretability of the model’s decision-making process. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the potential of AI, implemented through a no-code platform, to accurately diagnose and grade knee OA from radiographs. The use of a no-code AI platform such as DEEP:PHI represents a step towards democratizing AI in healthcare, enabling the rapid development and deployment of sophisticated medical AI applications without extensive coding expertise. This approach could significantly enhance the early detection and management of knee OA, potentially improving patient outcomes and streamlining clinical workflows. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic New Advances in Musculoskeletal Disorders)

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15 pages, 2328 KiB  

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceReview

Chiropractic and Spinal Manipulation: A Review of Research Trends, Evidence Gaps, and Guideline Recommendations

by Robert J. Trager, Geronimo Bejarano, Romeo-Paolo T. Perfecto, Elizabeth R. Blackwood and Christine M. Goertz

J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(19), 5668; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13195668 - 24 Sep 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 10243

Abstract

Chiropractors diagnose and manage musculoskeletal disorders, commonly using spinal manipulative therapy (SMT). Over the past half-century, the chiropractic profession has seen increased utilization in the United States following Medicare authorization for payment of chiropractic SMT in 1972. We reviewed chiropractic research trends since [...] Read more.

Chiropractors diagnose and manage musculoskeletal disorders, commonly using spinal manipulative therapy (SMT). Over the past half-century, the chiropractic profession has seen increased utilization in the United States following Medicare authorization for payment of chiropractic SMT in 1972. We reviewed chiropractic research trends since that year and recent clinical practice guideline (CPG) recommendations regarding SMT. We searched Scopus for articles associated with chiropractic (spanning 1972–2024), analyzing publication trends and keywords, and searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for CPGs addressing SMT use (spanning 2013–2024). We identified 6286 articles on chiropractic. The rate of publication trended upward. Keywords initially related to historical evolution, scope of practice, medicolegal, and regulatory aspects evolved to include randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews. We identified 33 CPGs, providing a total of 59 SMT-related recommendations. The recommendations primarily targeted low back pain (n = 21) and neck pain (n = 14); of these, 90% favored SMT for low back pain while 100% favored SMT for neck pain. Recent CPG recommendations favored SMT for tension-type and cervicogenic headaches. There has been substantial growth in the number and quality of chiropractic research articles over the past 50 years, resulting in multiple CPG recommendations favoring SMT. These findings reinforce the utility of SMT for spine-related disorders. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic New Advances in Musculoskeletal Disorders)

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13 pages, 1508 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Identifying the Problem Side with Single-Leg Squat and Hamstrings Flexibility for Non-Specific Chronic Low Back Pain

by Boon Chong Kwok, Helen Elizabeth Smith and Pui Wah Kong

Medicina 2024, 60(9), 1428; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60091428 - 1 Sep 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1617

Abstract

Background and Objectives: In patients with non-specific chronic low back pain (LBP), their pain and problem sides can differ. Clinical Pilates assessment provides an approach to identify the problem side, but this approach requires experience and can be subjective. This study aimed [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: In patients with non-specific chronic low back pain (LBP), their pain and problem sides can differ. Clinical Pilates assessment provides an approach to identify the problem side, but this approach requires experience and can be subjective. This study aimed to investigate if objective measures of single-leg squat postural control and hamstrings flexibility could identify the problem side in adults with non-specific chronic LBP. Materials and Methods: Forty adults with non-specific chronic LBP were tested on single-leg squat postural control and hamstrings flexibility. The problem side of participants was assessed with the Clinical Pilates method. Paired t-tests were used to compare the postural sway parameters of the single-leg squat and hamstrings flexibility between the problem and non-problem sides. Cohen’s kappa was then used to assess the agreement of postural sway and flexibility measures with the Clinical Pilates method. Results: The problem side showed smaller vertical force variance, larger sway path distances, lower peak vertical force, smaller terminal knee flexion angle, longer time to complete the five single-leg squats, and tighter hamstrings as compared to the non-problem side. However, only the overall and anteroposterior sway path distances, terminal knee flexion angle, total squat duration, and hamstrings flexibility yielded moderate to strong agreement with the Clinical Pilates method. Conclusions: Single-leg squat postural sway parameters and hamstrings flexibility can objectively identify the problem side in adults with non-specific chronic LBP. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic New Advances in Musculoskeletal Disorders)

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16 pages, 317 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

The Influence of Hip-Strengthening Program on Patients with Chronic Ankle Instability

by Woo-Jin Yeum, Mi-Young Lee and Byoung-Hee Lee

Medicina 2024, 60(8), 1199; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60081199 - 24 Jul 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2797

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Repetitive ankle sprains lead to mechanical instability of the ankle. Patients with chronic ankle instability may experience decreased muscle strength and limited postural control. This study investigated the effects of a hip-strengthening exercise program on muscle strength, balance, and [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Repetitive ankle sprains lead to mechanical instability of the ankle. Patients with chronic ankle instability may experience decreased muscle strength and limited postural control. This study investigated the effects of a hip-strengthening exercise program on muscle strength, balance, and function in patients with chronic ankle instability. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 patients participated in the study and were randomly assigned to the two groups. Among the 30 participants, 14 were assigned to the hip joint-strengthening exercise group and 16 to the control group. The experimental group underwent a hip-strengthening exercise program and received training for 40 min per session twice a week for four weeks. The control group received the same frequency, duration, and number of sessions. Measurements were performed before and after the training period to assess changes in hip strength, balance, and function. Results: In the within-group and between-group comparisons, both groups showed significant differences in hip joint strength, static balance, dynamic balance, and function (FAAM; foot and ankle ability measures) (p < 0.05). Statistically significant differences were observed in the time × group interaction effects among the hip abductors and external rotation in hip joint strength, path length in static balance, posterolateral and posteromedial in dynamic balance, and FAAM-ADL and FAAM-SPORT functions (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Accordingly, this study confirmed that hip joint-strengthening exercises have a positive effect on the strength, balance, and function of patients with chronic ankle instability, and we believe that hip joint-strengthening exercises will be recommended as an effective intervention method for patients suffering from chronic ankle instability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic New Advances in Musculoskeletal Disorders)

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14 pages, 1057 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Short-Term Effects of Cold Therapy and Kinesio Taping on Pain Relief and Upper Extremity Functionality in Individuals with Rotator Cuff Tendonitis: A Randomized Study

by Elif Durgut, Hulya Nilgun Gurses, Kerem Bilsel, Kubra Alpay, Zeynep Hosbay, Gokcer Uzer, Fatih Yıldız and Nurzat Elmalı

Medicina 2024, 60(8), 1188; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60081188 - 23 Jul 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2834

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Rotator cuff tendonitis (RCT) is one of the most common shoulder pathologies. It causes pain, limits shoulder joint movements, and impairs function. Despite various treatment methods, there are currently no specific guidelines regarding the most effective intervention for RCT. [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Rotator cuff tendonitis (RCT) is one of the most common shoulder pathologies. It causes pain, limits shoulder joint movements, and impairs function. Despite various treatment methods, there are currently no specific guidelines regarding the most effective intervention for RCT. To the best of our knowledge, no studies have compared the effects of Kinesio taping (KT) and cold therapy (CT) on individuals with RCT. To this end, this study aimed to investigate and compare the short-term effects of KT and CT on pain relief and upper extremity functionality in individuals with RCT. Materials and Methods: One hundred and fourteen individuals were assessed for eligibility. Fifty-two individuals with RCT who met the inclusion criteria and agreed to participate were randomly allocated into either the KT or the CT group. A standardized home exercise program was given to all the participants. Their pain intensity, upper extremity function, shoulder range of motion (ROM), and grip strength were evaluated initially and after the three days of KT or CT applications. Results: All the assessment values significantly improved in the KT group. In the CT group, only the pain scores (except for the numerical rating scale (NRS) pain score during activity) were significantly improved in the CT group at the end of the third day of application compared to the initial values (p < 0.05). For all the measurement outcomes, the effects of time × group interactions were statistically significant (p < 0.05) in favor of the KT group, except for the resting pain (p = 0.688). Conclusions: The findings suggest that KT and CT could be used as adjunctive modalities to exercise for resting and night pain relief in patients with RCT. KT also had positive effects on the activity pain, function, ROM, and grip strength. The use of KT along with an exercise program could be a more effective therapeutic choice than the use of CT for improving night pain, activity pain, and upper extremity function during the short-term rehabilitation of RCT patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic New Advances in Musculoskeletal Disorders)

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7 pages, 4290 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Medial Rectus Disinsertion for the Management of Large-Angle Sensory Esotropia

by So Young Han, Bo Young Chun, Hye Jin Lee, Hyun Kyung Kim, Mi Sun Kwon, Ho Seok Lee and Soolienah Rhiu

Medicina 2024, 60(7), 1104; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60071104 - 6 Jul 2024

Viewed by 1183

Abstract

Background and Objectives: The aim of the report is to report the outcomes of the medial rectus (MR) disinsertion procedure for the management of large-angle esotropia (ET) patients. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective case series of patients with large-angle [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: The aim of the report is to report the outcomes of the medial rectus (MR) disinsertion procedure for the management of large-angle esotropia (ET) patients. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective case series of patients with large-angle ET who underwent an MR disinsertion procedure between March 2012 to April 2022. The procedure happened accidentally during muscle surgery. The demographic and clinical data, including sex, age, visual acuity, pre- and postoperative angle of strabismus, duction limitations, results of intraoperative forced duction tests, and follow-up duration were collected from medical records. Results: Five patients were enrolled in this study. The mean age was 62.2 ± 9.8 years, and the mean follow-up was 24.8 ± 8.7 months. The ET at the primary position of gaze was 92.0 ± 17.9 prism diopters (PD) before MR disinsertion and 38.0 ± 29.5 PD after MR disinsertion only. Abduction deficiency was −4 before after MR disinsertion, which improved to −1 at the last follow-up. Conclusions: The results of MR disinsertion were not as frustrating as anticipated. MR disinsertion may be considered in patients with large-angle sensory ET who refuse surgery on the opposite eye. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic New Advances in Musculoskeletal Disorders)

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30 pages, 1931 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

At Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Stage, the Infectious Spectrum Is Driven by Non-Familial Factors and Anti-CCP Immunization

by Marina I. Arleevskaya, Andrej A. Novikov, Anna R. Valeeva, Marina O. Korovina, Igor L. Serdiuk, Vladimir A. Popov, Caroline Carlé and Yves Renaudineau

J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(10), 2796; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13102796 - 9 May 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2386

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are prone to develop infections. Methods: Accordingly, 195 untreated early (e)RA patients and 398 healthy controls were selected from women in Tatarstan’s cohort to study infectious history in the anamnesis (four criteria) and in the previous year [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are prone to develop infections. Methods: Accordingly, 195 untreated early (e)RA patients and 398 healthy controls were selected from women in Tatarstan’s cohort to study infectious history in the anamnesis (four criteria) and in the previous year (16 criteria). Information about annual infections was collected face-to-face from year to year by a qualified rheumatologist/general practitioner and included the active use of information from medical records. Results: In the anamnesis, tuberculosis, and pneumonia, and in the previous year, respiratory tract infections, skin infections, and herpes simplex virus reactivation incidence were reported to be increased in eRA patients, as well as the event number and duration of acute and chronic tonsillitis. Moreover, more bacterial-suspected upper respiratory infections and urinary tract infections were retrieved in sporadic eRA patients as compared to familial eRA patients. An elevated immunization against CCP prevented respiratory tract infection in those with HSV exacerbation. Finally, associations were retrieved between infection (event number/delay) and RA indices: (i) chronic tonsillitis exacerbations with disease activity and health assessment (HAQ) in familial eRA; (ii) bacterial-suspected upper respiratory infections with the number of swollen and tender joints in sporadic eRA; and (iii) HSV exacerbation with inflammation in eRA patients with negative/low response against CCP. Here, we demonstrate the complex nature of the interplay of RA with specific infections. Conclusions: For the first time, differences in the patterns of annual trivial infections and their links with RA indices were found in cohorts of familial and sporadic cases of the disease. Additionally, for the first time, we identified a remarkable relationship between early RA and exacerbations of chronic tonsillitis, as well as tuberculosis in the patient’s history. Altogether, this study supports the existence of a complex interplay between infections and RA at onset driven by familial status and the presence of anti-CCP Ab at elevated levels. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic New Advances in Musculoskeletal Disorders)

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12 pages, 770 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

The Flexion Relaxation Phenomenon in Patients with Radiculopathy and Low Back Pain: A Cross-Sectional Study

by Marijan Peharec, Stanislav Peharec, Vedran Srhoj-Egekher, Romana Jerković, Dean Girotto and Gordana Starčević-Klasan

J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2024, 9(2), 77; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk9020077 - 19 Apr 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2175

Abstract

Although the measurements of the lumbar spine and pelvic flexion have shown that subjects with radiculopathy exhibited greater decreases of motion when compared with subjects with low back pain, there is still a lack of evidence regarding the changes in flexion relaxation ratio [...] Read more.

Although the measurements of the lumbar spine and pelvic flexion have shown that subjects with radiculopathy exhibited greater decreases of motion when compared with subjects with low back pain, there is still a lack of evidence regarding the changes in flexion relaxation ratio in patients with radiculopathy. The aims of this study were to investigate the flexion relaxation ratio and flexion of the lumbar spine and pelvis in subjects with low back pain (LBP) and LBP with radiculopathy (LBPR) in comparison with healthy subjects (CG—control group). A total of 146 participants were divided in three groups: LBP patients (54 males; 21 females); LBPR patients (26 males; 11 females); and CG subjects (16 males; 18 females). The lumbar spine and pelvis flexion was recorded using optoelectronic motion capture system. The electrical activity of the erector spinae muscles was assessed by surface electromyography during flexion-extension movements. Comparisons between groups were made using one-way ANOVA tests and Mann–Whithney U test with the level of statistical significance at 0.05. The lumbar and pelvic flexion and electromyography of the erector spinae muscle showed significant differences between LBP and LBPR patients compared to CG. Patients LBPR showed significantly smaller angles of lumbar and pelvic flexion compared to LBP patients and CG. An increase in the erector spinae muscle activity during flexion was also observed in patients with radiculopathy. The increased muscular activity of the erector spinae is related to the reduced flexion of the lumbar spine in order to protect the lumbar spine structure. Measurements of trunk, lumbar spine and pelvic flexion, and the flexion relaxation ratio may allow us to predict better outcomes or responsiveness to treatment of LBPR patients in the future. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic New Advances in Musculoskeletal Disorders)

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9 pages, 2586 KiB  

Open AccessTechnical Note

Arthroscopic Medialization Partial Repair with Biologic Interposition Tuberoplasty for Large to Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tear

by Jae-Wook Jung, Joong-Bae Seo, Jun-Yeul Lee and Jae-Sung Yoo

Medicina 2024, 60(3), 484; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60030484 - 14 Mar 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1637

Abstract

An irreparable rotator cuff tear is a challenging condition to treat, and various treatment modalities are being introduced. Medialization in the partial repair method has the limitation of exposing the tuberosity, while tension-free biologic interposition tuberoplasty using acellular dermal matrix has the limitation [...] Read more.

An irreparable rotator cuff tear is a challenging condition to treat, and various treatment modalities are being introduced. Medialization in the partial repair method has the limitation of exposing the tuberosity, while tension-free biologic interposition tuberoplasty using acellular dermal matrix has the limitation of exposing the humeral head. The authors believe that by combining these two techniques, it is possible to complement each other’s limitations. Therefore, they propose a surgical method that combines medialization and biologic interposition tuberoplasty for addressing these constraints. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic New Advances in Musculoskeletal Disorders)

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11 pages, 1176 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Musculoskeletal Pain, Physical Activity, Muscle Mass, and Mortality in Older Adults: Results from the Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging (KLoSHA)

by Sun-Woo Hwang, Chang-Woo Kim, Yun-Jeong Jang, Chang-Han Lee, Min-Kyun Oh, Ki-Woong Kim, Hak-Chul Jang, Jae-Young Lim, Se-Woong Chun and Seung-Kyu Lim

Medicina 2024, 60(3), 462; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60030462 - 11 Mar 2024

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3260

Abstract

Background and objectives: Musculoskeletal (MSK) pain significantly impacts physical activity and quality of life in older adults, potentially influencing mortality. This study explored the relationship between MSK pain, physical activity, muscle mass, and mortality among older adults. Material and Methods: We studied 1000 [...] Read more.

Background and objectives: Musculoskeletal (MSK) pain significantly impacts physical activity and quality of life in older adults, potentially influencing mortality. This study explored the relationship between MSK pain, physical activity, muscle mass, and mortality among older adults. Material and Methods: We studied 1000 participants in the Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging (KLoSHA), a prospective, population-based cohort study of people aged 65 years or older. Survival status was tracked over a 5-year period. Correlations between low back pain (LBP), knee pain, regular exercise, appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM), and other variables were analyzed. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify independent risk factors for mortality. Results: Of the total participants, 829 (82.9%) survived over a 5-year period. Survivors tended to be younger, had a higher BMI, and were more active in regular exercise. In contrast, non-survivors exhibited a higher prevalence of both LBP and knee pain, along with increased instances of multiple MSK pains. Lower ASM correlated moderately with LBP and knee pain, whereas higher ASM was associated with regular exercise. There was a moderate correlation between LBP and knee pain, both of which were associated with a lack of regular exercise. Age, sex, ASM, and regular exercise were significant predictors, even though MSK pain itself did not directly predict all-cause mortality. Conclusions: This study demonstrated the independent association between ASM, regular exercise, and mortality. Although MSK pain did not directly correlate with all-cause mortality, the non-survivor group had higher levels of both single and multiple MSK pains. Recognizing the interplay of MSK pain, physical activity, and muscle mass for older adults, the research underscores the need for holistic strategies to enhance health outcomes in older individuals with MSK pain. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic New Advances in Musculoskeletal Disorders)

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