Sustainability

28 pages, 2241 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Employing Binary Logistic Regression in Modeling the Effectiveness of Agricultural Extension in Clove Farming: Facts and Findings from Sidrap Regency, Indonesia

by Hasim Hasim, Muslim Salam, Andi Amran Sulaiman, Muhammad Hatta Jamil, Hari Iswoyo, Pipi Diansari, Ariady Arsal, Andi Nixia Tenriawaru, Akhsan Akhsan and Ahmad Imam Muslim

Sustainability 2025, 17(6), 2786; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17062786 - 20 Mar 2025

Viewed by 554

Abstract

The research objective was to examine the factors influencing the effectiveness of agricultural extension in clove farming in Sidrap Regency. Primary data were collected using structured interviews with 140 selected clove farmers to achieve this objective. The binary logistic regression model was employed [...] Read more.

The research objective was to examine the factors influencing the effectiveness of agricultural extension in clove farming in Sidrap Regency. Primary data were collected using structured interviews with 140 selected clove farmers to achieve this objective. The binary logistic regression model was employed to test the influence of fourteen independent variables on the dependent variable. The research results indicated that the variables of family size, mass communication approach, electronic media, and clove cultivation material significantly and positively impacted the effectiveness of agricultural extension in clove farming. Meanwhile, the variables of educational attainment, farming experiences, farmers’ cosmopolitanism, print media, and land area had a negative significant effect, and the other variables had no significant effect. These findings are important indicators and valuable insights in promoting and encouraging the effectiveness of extension in clove farming. The findings emphasize the significant role of family characteristics, agricultural extension approaches, and communication delivery methods in the diffusion of agricultural technology and enhancing the effectiveness of agricultural extension. Based on the research results, policy recommendations are proposed to enhance extension effectiveness in clove farming, specifically, augmented farmer education on clove cultivation and the intensification and extensification of mass extension methods, as well as using electronic media in extension activities. Full article

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23 pages, 15664 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Determination and Sensitivity Analysis of Urban Waterlogging Driving Factors Based on Spatial Analysis Method

by Haiyan Yang, Wang Ning, Zhe Wang and Xiaobo Sun

Sustainability 2025, 17(6), 2785; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17062785 - 20 Mar 2025

Viewed by 335

Abstract

The identification of waterlogging driving factors and the assessment of associated risks are of utmost importance to enable cities to sustain their development. Initially, this paper utilizes the kernel density estimation (KDE) technique to visually display the spatial distribution features of waterlogging points [...] Read more.

The identification of waterlogging driving factors and the assessment of associated risks are of utmost importance to enable cities to sustain their development. Initially, this paper utilizes the kernel density estimation (KDE) technique to visually display the spatial distribution features of waterlogging points within the downtown region of City B. Employing a spatial analysis method, the examination through the application of Global Moran’s I reveals that the central urban area of City B exhibits a spatial clustering distribution. Moreover, nine influencing factors, including terrain characteristics, land cover features, and infrastructure construction aspects, are chosen as the elements that drive the continual occurrences of waterlogging due to rainstorms incidents. By applying the geographic detector (GD) and random forest regression (RF) models, an in-depth exploration into the agents leading to rainstorm waterlogging is conducted. The outcomes demonstrate that the surface impervious rate stands out as the primary factor. Additionally, under the geographic detector model, it has been verified that the integrated effect of two factors is more significant than that of a solitary factor, with the interaction between the surface impervious rate and community density having the most prominent influence on waterlogging situations within the investigated area. Finally, through the utilization of the random forest model, the sensitive areas inclined to experience waterlogging in the investigated area are demarcated. The findings of this research can offer valuable references for the management of urban rainstorm waterlogging as well as the sustainable development of cities. Full article

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12 pages, 4122 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Planting Cash Crops on the Diversity of Soil Phosphorus-Functional Microbial Structure in Moso Plantations

by Ronghui Li, Wenyan Yang, Kunyang Zhang, Liqun Ding, Zhengqian Ye, Xudong Wang and Dan Liu

Sustainability 2025, 17(6), 2784; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17062784 - 20 Mar 2025

Viewed by 314

Abstract

In order to explore the effects of planting two economic crops in Moso plantations on the composition of soil phosphorus-functional microbial community, this study collected soil samples of Persimmon and Tea-oil plantations cultivated on the original bamboo soil for 3 years for comparison. [...] Read more.

In order to explore the effects of planting two economic crops in Moso plantations on the composition of soil phosphorus-functional microbial community, this study collected soil samples of Persimmon and Tea-oil plantations cultivated on the original bamboo soil for 3 years for comparison. Soil physical and chemical measurements and metagenomic sequencing were used to evaluate the effects of crop cultivation on the diversity of soil phosphorus-functional microorganisms. Results show that (1) Moso forests are converted to different crops after the soil pH values decline, and other physical and chemical properties of soil and microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP) content rise. (2) Soil microbial community structure changed with crop planting. The number of phosphorus-functional bacteria in Persimmon soil was higher than Tea-oil and Moso soils, with the total number of phosphorus-functional bacteria and unique phosphorus-functional bacteria in Persimmon soil being the highest. (3) The relative abundance of phoU, phoR, ugpA, ugpB, gcd and ppaC genes was significantly increased, while the abundance of pstA, pstB and pstC genes was decreased by crop replanting. (4) The dominant phosphorus-functional microorganisms under different crop cultivation were closely related to basic soil properties. Bradyrhizobium and Camellia abundances were significantly positively correlated with soil total phosphorus (TP), while Sphingomonas was significantly negatively correlated with soil TP. Soil electrical conductivity (EC), soil total nitrogen (TN) and soil MBP were positively correlated with the ppx–gppA gene. AP, EC and TN were positively correlated with the phoB gene, while TN and MBP were negatively correlated with the phoP gene. These results suggested that land use patterns could directly change soil environmental conditions, thereby affecting phosphorus-functional microbial communities. In conclusion, the conversion of Moso plantations to commercial crops is beneficial for the optimization of the soil system, promoting the activation and release of soil phosphorus to maintain the dynamic balance of soil microbial community. Full article

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21 pages, 2590 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Additive Manufacturing for Remedying Supply Chain Disruptions and Building Resilient and Sustainable Logistics Support Systems

by M. Hakan Keskin, Murat Koray, Ercan Kaya, Mehmet Maşuk Fidan and Mehmet Ziya Söğüt

Sustainability 2025, 17(6), 2783; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17062783 - 20 Mar 2025

Viewed by 606

Abstract

Leading industries have implemented various strategic initiatives to enhance the resilience and sustainability of their logistics support systems in response to series of unforeseen disruptions that have significantly impacted supply chains (SCs) and incurred substantial costs over the past few decades. It is [...] Read more.

Leading industries have implemented various strategic initiatives to enhance the resilience and sustainability of their logistics support systems in response to series of unforeseen disruptions that have significantly impacted supply chains (SCs) and incurred substantial costs over the past few decades. It is essential to assess whether incorporating additive manufacturing (AM) technologies into logistics support processes—either as a complementary solution or in conjunction with existing strategies—can effectively reduce vulnerabilities to disruptions in modern, complex SCs. AM technologies that enable the use of business models that use distributed manufacturing, as opposed to centralized manufacturing, have the potential to create significant change in traditional SCs by bringing parts and products closer to the customer. The supply of raw materials necessary for AM production is lower than that of traditional methods. While this provides a cost benefit in the current structure, there are still challenges, such as in testing and final adjustments of printing parameters. AM technologies enable shorter delivery times compared to traditional manufacturing methods while also reducing distribution costs. This not only enhances service levels, but also lowers inventory costs across all stages of the SC. Additionally, AM technologies can help businesses comply with increasingly stringent environmental regulations introduced in recent decades. Both AM-based production and the logistics processes that support it have smaller ecological footprints compared to traditional manufacturing, making it a more sustainable alternative. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Logistics and Intelligent Transportation)

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22 pages, 290 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Study on the Influence of Borrowing on Household Consumption Expenditures: A Layered Comparison from the Perspective of Alleviating Relative Poverty

by Lan Ma, Ao Li and Shikai Zhou

Sustainability 2025, 17(6), 2782; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17062782 - 20 Mar 2025

Viewed by 224

Abstract

This study investigates how borrowing influences household consumption patterns in low-income and formerly impoverished regions of China, with implications for sustainable development goals (SDGs) such as poverty reduction (SDG 1), inclusive economic growth (SDG 8), and reducing inequalities (SDG 10). Using four rounds [...] Read more.

This study investigates how borrowing influences household consumption patterns in low-income and formerly impoverished regions of China, with implications for sustainable development goals (SDGs) such as poverty reduction (SDG 1), inclusive economic growth (SDG 8), and reducing inequalities (SDG 10). Using four rounds of 7516 households of balanced panel data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), a fixed-effects model was employed to analyze the impact of borrowing on total and categorized household consumption. Instrumental variable and treatment-effects models were applied to address endogeneity issues. Results reveal that a 1% increase in borrowing boosts total household consumption by 0.026%, with stronger effects on developmental and investment-oriented consumption, particularly among low-income households. Formerly impoverished areas experienced greater consumption growth, especially in education and training, indicating higher domestic demand potential and faster human capital accumulation. The study concludes that improving financial markets, aligning credit with specific needs, and leveraging local resources are essential for upgrading consumption structures and alleviating relative poverty. Full article

20 pages, 5301 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Development of Eco-Schemes as an Important Environmental Measure in Areas Facing Natural or Other Specific Constraints Under the Common Agriculture Policy 2023–2027: Evidence from Poland

by Marek Zieliński, Wojciech Józwiak, Agata Żak and Tomasz Rokicki

Sustainability 2025, 17(6), 2781; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17062781 - 20 Mar 2025

Viewed by 486

Abstract

Institutional environmental measures play a fundamental role in the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) 2023–2027, which primarily focuses on eco-schemes and for which the EU Member States must allocate part of their direct payment budget. The total budget under eco-schemes in the EU is [...] Read more.

Institutional environmental measures play a fundamental role in the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) 2023–2027, which primarily focuses on eco-schemes and for which the EU Member States must allocate part of their direct payment budget. The total budget under eco-schemes in the EU is an important part of Pillar I of the CAP 2023–2027. The aim of this study is to determine the capacity of Polish agriculture in ANCs to adopt practices under eco-schemes in the first year (2023) of the CAP 2023–2027. In the international literature, there is an apparent paucity of such analyses conducted for the newly designated ANCs in the EU Member States based on the European Commission’s guidelines under the CAP 2014–2020 and applicable under the CAP 2023–2027. Practices under eco-schemes are now fundamental for EU agriculture, increasing soil fertility, using rational fertilization and, as a result, improving the quality of products offered to consumers. It was pointed out that at this moment in ANCs, the use of eco-schemes is not satisfactory. The conclusions emphasized that in the EU, including Poland, eco-schemes should be implemented by as many farmers as possible, regardless of the size of the farm they have and the natural conditions in which they carry out agricultural production. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Policy as a Tool for Sustainable Development)

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18 pages, 12542 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Research on the Fissure Development and Seepage Evolution Patterns of Overburden Rock in Weakly Cemented Strata Under Repeated Mining

by Yang Xia, Wenyuan Zhen, Haishan Huang, Yu Zhang, Qinghe Tang and Honglin Liu

Sustainability 2025, 17(6), 2780; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17062780 - 20 Mar 2025

Viewed by 191

Abstract

This paper investigates the repeated disturbance of weakly cemented overburden rock caused by closely spaced coal seam mining, focusing on the effect of water infiltration on the strength degradation of weakly cemented mudstone. The study compares the fissure and fissure distribution characteristics of [...] Read more.

This paper investigates the repeated disturbance of weakly cemented overburden rock caused by closely spaced coal seam mining, focusing on the effect of water infiltration on the strength degradation of weakly cemented mudstone. The study compares the fissure and fissure distribution characteristics of the overburden rock under seepage conditions. It also examines the dynamic evolution of seepage parameters during repeated mining and their impact on the overburden rock’s bearing capacity and structural stability. The findings are as follows: (1) After water infiltration, the clay mineral content in weakly cemented mudstone decreases, leading to a significant reduction in strength, increased microcrack development, and a moisture content increase from 0% to 3.27%. Uniaxial compressive strength decreases by 59.83%. (2) In the absence of seepage effects, the fissure development zone in the overburden rock changes from a positive trapezoidal shape to an inverted trapezoidal one, with a water-conducting channel forming first on the setup entry side. When seepage is considered, the fissure development in the weakly cemented overburden rock significantly increases, and the location of large-scale fissure initiation and expansion is advanced by 80 m. (3) During coal seam mining, excavation of the upper seam reduces the pore water pressure in the roof, causing the region of reduced pore pressure to shift from a trapezoidal to an “M” shape. As mining progresses to the lower seam, a seepage channel forms near the setup entry and expands. (4) Under repeated mining conditions, seepage field evolution in the overburden rock triggers the migration and transmission of formation water and pore pressure. The sustained influence of fissure water infiltration and seepage pressure accelerates the development of the water flowing fracture zone. As the overburden rock experiences renewed fracturing and caving, secondary fissure formation intensifies the movement of formation water. Consequently, the bearing capacity and water-resistance properties of the overburden rock are gradually degraded, significantly increasing the extent of structural damage within weakly cemented mining overburden rock. Full article

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20 pages, 5373 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Potential of and Current Challenges in Reusing Recycled Carbon Fibres in Concrete Construction Applications

by Vanessa Overhage and Thomas Gries

Sustainability 2025, 17(6), 2779; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17062779 - 20 Mar 2025

Viewed by 247

Abstract

The non-corrosive properties of carbon fibres allow for slimmer concrete components, which may reduce CO₂ emissions during production. Given that cement production contributes approximately 8% of global CO₂ emissions, finding alternatives is crucial. Textile-reinforced concrete (TRC) employs technical textiles instead of [...] Read more.

The non-corrosive properties of carbon fibres allow for slimmer concrete components, which may reduce CO₂ emissions during production. Given that cement production contributes approximately 8% of global CO₂ emissions, finding alternatives is crucial. Textile-reinforced concrete (TRC) employs technical textiles instead of steel reinforcements and has been extensively studied for its mechanical properties. Carbon’s high tensile strength allows for significantly reduced mass compared to steel while eliminating additional cover requirements. Although producing recycled carbon fibres (rCFs) is energy-intensive, it offers significant energy and raw material savings and can lower global warming risks compared to virgin fibres. This study investigates the potential of rCFs in various forms as concrete reinforcement, highlighting both opportunities and challenges based on experimental results and existing studies. The investigations demonstrated that rCFs, whether used as nonwoven or yarn reinforcement, enhance both the tensile and yield strength of concrete. Furthermore, in many instances, a gradual failure mode rather than an abrupt one is observed. Consequently, the use of rCF textiles as reinforcement in concrete presents significant potential for promoting sustainability within the construction industry. The integration of rCF into carbon concrete presents a promising pathway to enhance the sustainability of construction materials. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovations in Construction Industry towards Sustainable Future: Implementation, Assessment and Opportunities)

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20 pages, 2515 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evolving Critical Metal Systems: Hype Cycles and Implications for Sustainable Innovation

by Sampriti Mahanty, Frank Boons and Gavin Harper

Sustainability 2025, 17(6), 2778; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17062778 - 20 Mar 2025

Viewed by 307

Abstract

To achieve the transition to sustainable energy and mobility systems, we are relying heavily on critical metals. The sustainable extraction, use, and circulation of these materials is not straightforward as contestation over the social and ecological sustainability of these metals is characterised by [...] Read more.

To achieve the transition to sustainable energy and mobility systems, we are relying heavily on critical metals. The sustainable extraction, use, and circulation of these materials is not straightforward as contestation over the social and ecological sustainability of these metals is characterised by so-called hype cycles of increased and decreased legitimacy. This impedes the energy and mobility transition. We propose and apply a novel approach using event graphs to assess critical metal systems as evolving socio-material systems, comparing three longitudinal cases (lithium, cobalt, tantalum). Our analysis leads to an ideal type hype cycle for critical metal systems. Our findings evidence the necessity for policymakers and industry practitioners to use approaches such as responsible innovation to ensure that the extraction, use, and circulation of critical metals does not undermine the transition to sustainable mobility and energy systems. Full article

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16 pages, 4260 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Spatial Distribution of Trace Elements and Rare-Earth Elements in the Stream Sediments Around the Ikuno Mine Area in Hyogo Prefecture, Southwest Japan

by Ainun Mardiyah, Muhammad Rio Syahputra, Qiang Tang, Satoki Okabyashi and Motohiro Tsuboi

Sustainability 2025, 17(6), 2777; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17062777 - 20 Mar 2025

Viewed by 183

Abstract

In the present study, major oxide, trace, and rare-earth element (REE) contents in the stream sediments of the Ikuno and surrounding areas of the central part of Hyogo Prefecture in the Kinki district in southwestern Japan were analyzed. Several abandoned mines that contain [...] Read more.

In the present study, major oxide, trace, and rare-earth element (REE) contents in the stream sediments of the Ikuno and surrounding areas of the central part of Hyogo Prefecture in the Kinki district in southwestern Japan were analyzed. Several abandoned mines that contain Au, Ag, Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe, W, and As exist in these areas, including the Ikuno and Akenobe mines, which are famous historical mines. A total of 156 stream sediments over approximately 1300 km² in these areas were analyzed using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The spatial distribution patterns of elemental concentrations in the stream sediments in the Ikuno area were determined by three primary factors: the surface geology, the localized deposition of ore minerals, and the influence of the sedimentation of heavy minerals in the basin on local distribution. The mean value of the spatial distributions of the ore deposits was greater than the median, primarily due to the presence of concentrated regions near the mining sites. A Kolmogorov–Smirnov test indicated abnormal distribution patterns of Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, and Ni due to the presence of exceptionally high concentrations of these elements at the mine sites. The stream sediments showed higher levels of light REEs, mainly La, Ce, and Nd, in comparison with the heavy REEs. This pattern, deviating from the global abundance, suggests the dominating influence of mining sites on local REE distributions. These findings are essential for assessing the environmental impacts of historical mining and developing strategies for responsible resource management in the region. By understanding the geochemical signatures of mining-affected areas, these data could contribute to future environmental monitoring and mitigation efforts, enhancing our understanding of environmental sustainability and responsible resource utilization. Full article

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22 pages, 1541 KiB

Open AccessArticle

ESG Performance of Chinese Listed Enterprises Participating in the Belt and Road Initiative

by Wenrui Zhang and Olga Biryukova

Sustainability 2025, 17(6), 2776; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17062776 - 20 Mar 2025

Viewed by 502

Abstract

The Chinese government encourages enterprises participating in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) to improve their ESG performance to better align the BRI with sustainable development. This paper reveals the heterogeneous treatment effect of the BRI on the ESG performance of enterprises using [...] Read more.

The Chinese government encourages enterprises participating in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) to improve their ESG performance to better align the BRI with sustainable development. This paper reveals the heterogeneous treatment effect of the BRI on the ESG performance of enterprises using time-varying DID and DDD models, powerfully validating that the BRI promotes the ESG performance of participating enterprises. According to our mechanism analysis, the BRI promotes the ESG performance of enterprises involved in international infrastructure projects and the development of trade routes. However, it has no significant impact on enterprises involved in outward foreign direct investment, exploring international markets, and providing support services and others. According to our heterogeneity analysis, the BRI promotes the ESG performance of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) more than that of non-SOEs, the ESG performance of non-manufacturing enterprises more than that of manufacturing enterprises, and the ESG performance of enterprises on the Main Board more than that of enterprises on other boards. These findings can provide policymakers and enterprise managers with guidance on improving ESG performance and clarify the micro-level empirical evidence of the performance of the BRI in implementing sustainable development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Economic and Business Aspects of Sustainability)

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28 pages, 8368 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Floor-Usage Behavior and Thermal Comfort Among Apartment Residents Under Cultural Transition in Indonesia

by Collinthia Erwindi, Kyohei Kondo, Hiroki Aoshima, Takashi Asawa and Tetsu Kubota

Sustainability 2025, 17(6), 2775; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17062775 - 20 Mar 2025

Viewed by 268

Abstract

The rapid urbanization in Southeast Asia has resulted in an increase in vertical apartment buildings, bringing notable changes in residents’ lifestyles accompanied by Westernized cultures. Focusing on Indonesia, this study delves into how residents adapt their behaviors, especially traditional floor-sitting behavior, to living [...] Read more.

The rapid urbanization in Southeast Asia has resulted in an increase in vertical apartment buildings, bringing notable changes in residents’ lifestyles accompanied by Westernized cultures. Focusing on Indonesia, this study delves into how residents adapt their behaviors, especially traditional floor-sitting behavior, to living in the different types of apartments. The study also explores energy consumption and thermal comfort in relation to floor-usage behaviors. We conducted a comprehensive questionnaire survey of more than 3300 respondents in Indonesia, with 1841 Jabodetabek samples used for analysis. The findings indicate that approximately 80% of lower-income apartment residents (Rusunawa) predominantly engaged in floor-sitting behavior and relied on fans for cooling. In contrast, approximately 75% of higher-income apartment residents (condominiums) preferred chair-sitting and used air conditioning (AC). Cluster analysis of three key factors—primary posture, foot covering, and floor covering—revealed four distinct groups. The clusters with a lower preference for floor-sitting exhibited approximately 50% higher annual electricity consumption due to AC usage, whereas the clusters favoring floor-sitting consumed less electricity, relying more on fans. However, despite variations in energy use, over 85% of respondents across all clusters were mostly reported as comfortable, indicating that behavioral adaptations with floor-sitting remain viable in achieving thermal comfort. While an increase in income level changes behaviors and energy use, the results suggest that floor-sitting is a traditional practice that serves as an effective low-energy strategy in hot and humid climates. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Urban and Rural Development)

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25 pages, 7864 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Green Space Exposure and Human Health: Gender-Specific Physiological and Psychological Benefits of Green Infrastructure for Elderly Residents in Cold-Climate Cities

by Tianheng Zhang, Yao Fu, Zitong Wang, Jian Gao, Tinghui Yang and Siyang Wang

Sustainability 2025, 17(6), 2774; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17062774 - 20 Mar 2025

Viewed by 352

Abstract

Urban green infrastructure’s health impacts on aging populations remain understudied, particularly regarding gender-specific responses in cold-climate cities facing sustainability challenges. This study investigated how sustainable urban design supports healthy aging through a novel “static–dynamic” dual-temporal analysis framework. Through controlled field experiments with 345 [...] Read more.

Urban green infrastructure’s health impacts on aging populations remain understudied, particularly regarding gender-specific responses in cold-climate cities facing sustainability challenges. This study investigated how sustainable urban design supports healthy aging through a novel “static–dynamic” dual-temporal analysis framework. Through controlled field experiments with 345 elderly participants across three urban space types in Shenyang, China, we examined physiological indicators and psychological responses under winter conditions (4–8 °C), employing comprehensive environmental monitoring and health assessment protocols. Path analysis revealed that sustainable urban design influences health outcomes through both direct physiological pathways and indirect psychological mediation, with psychological states accounting for 56.3% of the total effect. Gender-specific analysis demonstrated that females exhibit higher environmental sensitivity (blood pressure variation coefficient: 0.171 vs. 0.079 for males) and stronger psychological mediation effects (β = −0.302 vs. β = −0.185 for males). The findings establish a theoretical foundation for implementing gender-responsive sustainable urban design strategies in cold-climate communities, demonstrating how green infrastructure can simultaneously address environmental sustainability and social equity goals while promoting healthy aging outcomes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Urban Designs to Enhance Human Health and Well-Being)

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17 pages, 5559 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Innovative Approach Toward Enhancing the Environmental and Economic Sustainability of Resource Recovery from Hazardous Zn-Bearing Dusts from Electric Arc Furnace Steelmaking

by Timur B. Khaidarov, Rita Khanna, Bekzod B. Khaidarov, Kejiang Li, Dmitrii S. Suvorov, Dmitrii A. Metlenkin, Igor N. Burmistrov, Alexander V. Gorokhovsky, Sergey V. Volokhov and Denis V. Kuznetsov

Sustainability 2025, 17(6), 2773; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17062773 - 20 Mar 2025

Viewed by 335

Abstract

An innovative approach is reported for recovering Fe and Zn resources from hazardous zinc-bearing electric arc furnace dusts (ZBDs) in a sustainable manner. A combination of carbothermal and H₂ reduction were used to overcome challenges associated with the high temperatures of carbothermal [...] Read more.

An innovative approach is reported for recovering Fe and Zn resources from hazardous zinc-bearing electric arc furnace dusts (ZBDs) in a sustainable manner. A combination of carbothermal and H₂ reduction were used to overcome challenges associated with the high temperatures of carbothermal reduction and the high costs/limited supplies of hydrogen. In-depth reduction studies were carried out using zinc-rich (17 wt.%), iron-poor (35 wt.%) ZBD; coke oven battery dry quenching dust (CDQD) was used as reductant. Briquettes were prepared by mixing ZBD and CDQD powders in a range of proportions; heat treatments were carried out in flowing H₂ gas at 700 °C–900 °C for 4 h. The reduced products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and inductively coupled plasma (ICP). The Fe content of the reduced briquettes showed increases between 50 and 150%, depending on composition and reduction temperature; Zn, Pb, Cl, Na, K and S were completely absent. The gaseous elements were collected in cooled traps at the furnace outlet to recover metallic zinc and other phases. The volatile products collected at the outlet (900 °C) contained more than 70% zinc and 6% lead; small amounts of zinc were also present in the metallic phase. The processing temperatures were significantly lower in the combined approach as compared to 100% carbothermal reduction. While reducing energy consumption and limiting the generation of greenhouse gases, this approach has the potential for enhancing the reutilization of hazardous industrial wastes, resource recovery, and economic and environmental sustainability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Solid Waste Management and Recycling for a Sustainable World)

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18 pages, 3153 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evolution Trends in Carbon Emissions and Sustainable Development Paths in China’s Planting Industry from the Perspective of Carbon Sources

by Xuenan Zhang, Caibo Liu, Jinxin Zhang, Juntong Liu and Wanling Hu

Sustainability 2025, 17(6), 2772; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17062772 - 20 Mar 2025

Viewed by 260

Abstract

Reducing agricultural carbon emissions is key to promoting the sustainable development of agriculture. Carbon sources play a significant role in the carbon emissions of China’s planting industry. Researching the principles of evolutionary trends of carbon sources regarding carbon emissions in China’s planting industry [...] Read more.

Reducing agricultural carbon emissions is key to promoting the sustainable development of agriculture. Carbon sources play a significant role in the carbon emissions of China’s planting industry. Researching the principles of evolutionary trends of carbon sources regarding carbon emissions in China’s planting industry helps formulate scientific policies to control such emissions in the industry. This paper adopted an emission factor approach from the IPCC to estimate the CO₂ emissions of all kinds of carbon sources in China’s planting industry from 1997 to 2017. On the basis of the data, the principles of dynamic evolution in China’s planting industry and six carbon sources were analyzed by the kernel density estimation approach. Notably, the study discovered that carbon emissions peaked in 2015. In terms of the contributions of various carbon sources to the carbon emissions of the planting industry, sorted by chemical fertilizers, agricultural diesel oil, agricultural films, pesticides, agricultural irrigation, and seeding, their contribution rates were 60.82%, 13.95%, 12.88%, 9.83%, 1.88%, and 0.64%. At the same time, the kernel density results show that there was an increasing trend in carbon emissions across the whole of China’s planting industry and six kinds of carbon sources nationwide, with apparent “multipolarization”. From the perspective of various regions, the carbon emissions of chemical fertilizers, diesel oil, films, and pesticides in China’s planting industry had an evolutionary trend of multipolarization in central regions, while there was an evolutionary trend of monopolarization in eastern and western regions. The carbon emissions of seeding and irrigation had a similarly evolutionary trend in eastern, central, and western regions. Basically, they all had a double increase pattern in carbon emissions and regional differences. Therefore, China’s government needs a target to set up long-term mechanisms to ensure a stable and orderly reduction in carbon emissions in the planting industry, leading its development from the traditional planting industry to a climate-smart planting industry. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Engineering and the Emerging Technologies: Application, Policy Development and Innovation)

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22 pages, 849 KiB

Open AccessEssay

Research on Dynamic Optimization of Takeout Delivery Routes Considering Food Preparation Time

by Xuan Wang, Chunyi Ji, Hanrong Xu and Kaiyi Guo

Sustainability 2025, 17(6), 2771; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17062771 - 20 Mar 2025

Viewed by 392

Abstract

The rapid development of the food delivery industry has imposed higher demands on optimizing delivery routes, especially with regard to addressing dynamic demand and stringent time constraints. As a critical factor impacting delivery efficiency, the food preparation time must be reasonably considered to [...] Read more.

The rapid development of the food delivery industry has imposed higher demands on optimizing delivery routes, especially with regard to addressing dynamic demand and stringent time constraints. As a critical factor impacting delivery efficiency, the food preparation time must be reasonably considered to optimize overall delivery routes effectively. Aiming at enhancing delivery efficiency by minimizing total delivery costs, a novel food delivery route optimization model was designed and constructed. This model specifically takes into account the impact of merchants’ food preparation times on the delivery process and improves upon a genetic algorithm based on clustering ideas for solving the problem. The clustering basis for obtaining initial solutions is calculated through the temporal and spatial similarity of orders. The feasibility of the algorithm is verified through designed computational examples. The simulation results demonstrate that the algorithm excels in reducing average delivery costs per order, decreasing the total mileage traveled by delivery personnel, and shortening average waiting times. Quantitative outcomes confirm that the new model can address dynamic demand issues, significantly reduce wait times for delivery personnel, and maximize platform revenue. Analysis of key parameters yields management insights that could provide references for operational decisions made by food delivery platforms, aiding in promoting environmental protection and sustainable development within the food delivery industry. Full article

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22 pages, 2286 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Reducing Carbon Emissions: A Multi-Objective Approach to the Hydropower Operation of Mega Reservoirs

by Qi Luo, Yuxuan Luo, Yanlai Zhou, Di Zhu, Fi-John Chang and Chong-Yu Xu

Sustainability 2025, 17(6), 2770; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17062770 - 20 Mar 2025

Viewed by 355

Abstract

Optimizing the joint drawdown operation of mega reservoirs presents a significant opportunity to enhance the comprehensive benefits among hydropower output, water release, and carbon emission reduction. However, achieving the complementary drawdown operation of mega reservoirs while considering reservoir carbon emissions poses a notable [...] Read more.

Optimizing the joint drawdown operation of mega reservoirs presents a significant opportunity to enhance the comprehensive benefits among hydropower output, water release, and carbon emission reduction. However, achieving the complementary drawdown operation of mega reservoirs while considering reservoir carbon emissions poses a notable challenge. In this context, this study introduces an innovative multi-objective optimization framework tailored for the joint drawdown operation of mega reservoirs. Firstly, a multi-objective optimization model, leveraging an intelligent evolutionary algorithm, is developed to minimize reservoir carbon emissions (Objective 1), maximize hydropower output (Objective 2), and maximize water release (Objective 3). Subsequently, a multi-criteria decision-making approach to search for the optimal scheme is employed. The proposed framework is applied to seven mega reservoirs within the Hanjiang River basin, China. The results show that the framework is effective in promoting comprehensive benefits, improving hydropower production by 8.3%, reservoir carbon emission reduction by 5.6%, and water release by 6.2% from the optimal solution under wet scenarios, compared to standard operation policies. This study not only provides a fresh perspective on the multi-objective drawdown operation of mega reservoirs but also offers valuable support to stakeholders and decision-makers in formulating viable strategic recommendations that take potential carbon emissions and advantages into account. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Management)

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43 pages, 4157 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sustainability of Remote Teaching in Serbia: Post-Pandemic Perspectives from Education Faculty Students

by Jelena R. Petrović, Uroš V. Šuvaković and Ivko A. Nikolić

Sustainability 2025, 17(6), 2769; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17062769 - 20 Mar 2025

Viewed by 466

Abstract

Emergency remote teaching was first introduced in the educational system of the Republic of Serbia during the COVID-19 pandemic, not as a planned change but as an imposed solution aimed at suppressing this infectious disease. This raises the question of the sustainability of [...] Read more.

Emergency remote teaching was first introduced in the educational system of the Republic of Serbia during the COVID-19 pandemic, not as a planned change but as an imposed solution aimed at suppressing this infectious disease. This raises the question of the sustainability of remote teaching after the pandemic and the effects and experiences with emergency form of this method of teaching in the form it was used during the pandemic. Therefore, this paper is aimed at examining whether and in what manner technical factors such as digital competence, device equipment, Internet connection, and Zoom fatigue could contribute to students’ attitudes and satisfaction with this form of teaching, as well as how all these factors might contribute to the perception of satisfaction, efficiency, and sustainability of RT among the students of the teacher education faculties. The research involved 138 female university students from the faculties of education in Serbia. The results point to the unpreparedness of the educational system for the quick transition to emergency remote teaching and to inadequate logistic support for the implementation of this form of learning: from insufficient computer literacy, problems with the good-quality Internet in the territory of the whole country, having no adequate devices for following classes (most frequently mobile phones), students’ dissatisfaction with the effectiveness, to the phenomenon of Zoom fatigue as a consequence. The main finding is that students perceive remote teaching as a “necessary evil”, something that should be applied only when it is absolutely impossible to have the usual form of classes, only in emergency situations. This is also corroborated by the fact that after the pandemic, the school system returned to classes under traditional conditions. This leads to a conclusion about the unsustainability of the remote teaching model in Serbia, at least in the form that was applied, most probably because it was university students’ first and only experience in relation to it gained with emergency remote teaching, in the conditions of the COVID-19 crisis with its health, psychosocial, and economic pressures and with emergency form of this method of teaching. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Digital Teaching and Development in Sustainable Higher Education)

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35 pages, 9524 KiB

Open AccessArticle

CSR and Corporate Sustainability: Theoretical and Empirical Approaches Based on Data Science in Spanish Tourism Companies

by Maria Fernanda Bernal Salazar, Elisa Baraibar-Diez and Jesús Collado-Agudo

Sustainability 2025, 17(6), 2768; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17062768 - 20 Mar 2025

Viewed by 465

Abstract

This study combines a theoretical and empirical approach to analyze the transition from corporate social responsibility to corporate sustainability in Spanish tourism companies, with an emphasis on the integration of ESG (environmental, social, and governance) criteria. In the theoretical domain, a computational literature [...] Read more.

This study combines a theoretical and empirical approach to analyze the transition from corporate social responsibility to corporate sustainability in Spanish tourism companies, with an emphasis on the integration of ESG (environmental, social, and governance) criteria. In the theoretical domain, a computational literature review is conducted by applying topic modeling to 1505 scientific documents published between 2004 and 2023, identifying key trends and evaluating the evolution from CSR to CS. In the empirical domain, 364 corporate reports published between 2010 and 2021 are analyzed, using text mining techniques to examine changes in the relative frequency of terms associated with CSR and CS, and the BERTopic model to detect key management areas. Additionally, the FinBERT model classifies the content of the reports into nine ESG categories, quantifying their relevance across different tourism subsectors. The results confirm a progressive transition towards CS, evidenced by shifts in thematic priorities reflected in the literature and a significant increase in the use of terms associated with CS in corporate reports. The research provides valuable insights for managers, regulators, and local communities, enabling the design of strategies better aligned with ESG standards, optimizing business management, and strengthening sustainability in the Spanish tourism sector. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Looking at the Future: Approaches to a More Sustainable and Just Tourism)

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16 pages, 968 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Increasing Electric Vehicle Charger Availability with a Mobile, Self-Contained Charging Station

by Robert Serrano, Arifa Sultana, Declan Kavanaugh and Hongjie Wang

Sustainability 2025, 17(6), 2767; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17062767 - 20 Mar 2025

Viewed by 449

Abstract

As the transition to sustainable transportation has accelerated with the rise of electric vehicles (EVs), ensuring drivers have access to charging to maximize the electric miles driven is critical to lowering carbon emissions in the transportation sector. Limited charging station capacity and poor [...] Read more.

As the transition to sustainable transportation has accelerated with the rise of electric vehicles (EVs), ensuring drivers have access to charging to maximize the electric miles driven is critical to lowering carbon emissions in the transportation sector. Limited charging station capacity and poor reliability, especially during peak travel times, long-distance travels, holidays, and events, have hindered the adoption of EVs and threaten the progress toward reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Adaptive, flexible deployment strategies combined with innovative approaches integrating mobility and renewable energy are essential to address these systemic challenges and bridge the current infrastructure gap. To address these challenges, this study proposes a self-contained, mobile charging station (MCS). Designed for rapid deployment, the proposed MCS increases charging capacity during demand surges while minimizing reliance on fossil fuels. The feasibility of integrating a solar canopy with this MCS to further reduce carbon emissions is also studied. This study weighed the pros and cons of differing cell chemistries, sized the battery using data provided by the United States’ largest public CPO, and discussed the feasibility of a solar canopy for off-grid energy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of CO₂ Emissions Control on Transportation and Its Energy Use)

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19 pages, 2634 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Strengthening the Sustainability of Energy Critical Entities Through a Business Continuity Management System

by David Rehak, Martin Hromada, Simona Jemelkova, Lenka Brumarova and Ivo Haring

Sustainability 2025, 17(6), 2766; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17062766 - 20 Mar 2025

Viewed by 248

Abstract

Energy supply is currently considered a key area that is essential for the functioning of the entire society, remaining one of the most fundamental sectors of critical infrastructure worldwide. However, the functionality of energy systems is threatened by a number of threats from [...] Read more.

Energy supply is currently considered a key area that is essential for the functioning of the entire society, remaining one of the most fundamental sectors of critical infrastructure worldwide. However, the functionality of energy systems is threatened by a number of threats from various areas, such as natural influences, technological threats, terrorism, and even state-supported organized attacks. For this reason, there is an active effort by all interested parties to achieve a sufficient resilience and sustainability level of these systems. Currently, various tools are used for this purpose, the essence of which is to ensure the preparedness of energy systems. Primarily, basic dependable systems aspects are applied according to the planning documentation and according to the N-1 principle from the transmission system code. These tools are functional and very proven in practice. However, the sprawling threat landscape and the COVID-19 pandemic have shown that the use of individual, separate tools may not comprehensively cover the entire area of preparedness, especially for unexpected events or expected events of unexpected dimensions. To address this challenge, the article takes up the professional abstract recommendation of ensuring the preparedness of the entire system comprehensively, i.e., by involving all possible tools, knowledge, and resources that the critical entity has. It proposes and tailors a Business Continuity Management System (BCMS) for the energy domain. The approach covers the entire management system of the organization, in which it establishes, implements, operates, monitors, reviews, maintains, and improves the continuity of activities in terms of key energy system functions. The aim is to ensure the sustainability of the functionality of the given systems within acceptable ranges. The article presents the targeted BCMS targets, building blocks, and representative implementation methods and tools. It is argued that the proposal is ready for application in the specific area of energy critical entities and systems by providing examples of partial implementation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Energy Sustainability)

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16 pages, 2307 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of Energy Storage on the Efficiency of Photovoltaic Systems and Determining the Carbon Footprint of Households with Different Electricity Sources

by Patrycja Walichnowska, Weronika Kruszelnicka, Andrzej Tomporowski and Adam Mroziński

Sustainability 2025, 17(6), 2765; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17062765 - 20 Mar 2025

Viewed by 260

Abstract

The article designs a home photovoltaic installation equipped with energy storage using PVSyst software 7.4. The aim of the research was to design and select an energy storage for a household that uses an average of 396.7 kWh per month. The designed PV [...] Read more.

The article designs a home photovoltaic installation equipped with energy storage using PVSyst software 7.4. The aim of the research was to design and select an energy storage for a household that uses an average of 396.7 kWh per month. The designed PV installation system was characterised by a significant share of stored energy—at the level of 32%, which allows the household to reduce energy consumption from the power grid. The results of the analysis showed that the use of energy storage increases leads to a reduction in energy losses and improves the energy self-sufficiency of the facility. The article also compared, using the IPCC 2013 GWP 100a and IMPACT World+ methods, three variants of households with different energy sources. It was shown that a household using the national energy mix generates a significant carbon footprint, higher compared to variants powered by renewable energy. The study showed that obtaining energy from renewable sources reduces the potential negative impact of energy consumption on the environment. Full article

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43 pages, 9131 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring Grey Systems in Uncertain Environments: A Bibliometric Analysis of Global Contributions and Research Themes

by Adrian Domenteanu, Georgiana-Alina Crișan, Corina Frăsineanu and Camelia Delcea

Sustainability 2025, 17(6), 2764; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17062764 - 20 Mar 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 209

Abstract

Grey systems theory, through the special mathematics and methods offered, such as through seeing numbers as intervals rather than fixed values, provides a bridge between the two extreme cases in which a system under investigation might find, namely, a white system, easy to [...] Read more.

Grey systems theory, through the special mathematics and methods offered, such as through seeing numbers as intervals rather than fixed values, provides a bridge between the two extreme cases in which a system under investigation might find, namely, a white system, easy to read and understand, and a black system, completely unknown to the investigator. Since its appearance in 1982, the theory has contributed to solving various challenges traditionally addressed through complex means. The paper provides a comprehensive perspective on the evolution of the grey systems domain over the 42-year period analysed, spanning from 1982 to 2024. Utilizing a dataset extracted from the Clarivate Analytics’ Web of Science Core Collection database, the paper conducts a bibliometric analysis that includes the identification of key journals, affiliations, authors, and countries, as well as the collaboration networks among authors and countries. It also analyses the most frequently used keywords and authors’ keywords. The annual growth rate of 12.99% indicates a sustained interest among researchers. Using the Biblioshiny 4.2.3 library in R version 4.4.1, a variety of visualisations have been created, including thematic maps and WordClouds. A detailed review of the most cited papers has been performed to highlight the role of grey systems in advancing intelligent decision-making techniques. In terms of results, it has been observed that the university with the highest contribution to the field is the Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics while the most influential figure in the area of grey systems in terms of the number of published papers is Sifeng Liu. As expected, China, the home of grey systems theory, is the country with the most notable contribution in terms of published papers and international collaboration networks. Full article

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26 pages, 5722 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sustainable Development Goals in a Transforming World: Understanding the Dynamics of Localization

by S. Duygu Sever, Evren Tok and Abdel Latif Sellami

Sustainability 2025, 17(6), 2763; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17062763 - 20 Mar 2025

Viewed by 457

Abstract

This paper investigates the localization of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the context of an interconnected, multi-scale world. As global challenges intensify, policy frameworks must navigate the complex intersection of social, economic, and environmental threats to human development. The United Nations SDGs [...] Read more.

This paper investigates the localization of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the context of an interconnected, multi-scale world. As global challenges intensify, policy frameworks must navigate the complex intersection of social, economic, and environmental threats to human development. The United Nations SDGs offer a common language and a roadmap with a standard set of development indicators. However, the current lack of progress reveals the need for context-specific implementations of this universal model reflecting and responding to local realities, challenges, and capacities. By combining a systematic literature review with qualitative and quantitative coding via MAXQDA, this study applies grounded theory to analyze how the growing body of research conceptualizes and operationalizes SDG localization. The findings identify key mechanisms, themes, and case studies that illustrate how SDGs are adapted to local contexts. The analysis highlights the critical role of agency, emphasizing that localization is not merely a top-down implementation but a dynamic process that aligns global goals with local governance structures, actors, and tools to foster ownership and long-term impact. Importantly, the study underscores that cities and local governance entities are not just sites of implementation but active drivers of SDG adaptation, serving as crucial policy spheres that transform a global agenda into concrete local action. Full article

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20 pages, 2680 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluating the Environmental and Safety Impacts of Eco-Driving in Urban and Highway Environments

by Marios Sekadakis, Maria Ioanna Sousouni, Thodoris Garefalakis, Maria G. Oikonomou, Apostolos Ziakopoulos and George Yannis

Sustainability 2025, 17(6), 2762; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17062762 - 20 Mar 2025

Viewed by 362

Abstract

The present study aims to investigate the benefits of eco-driving in urban areas and on highways through an experiment conducted in a driving simulator. Within a group of 39 participants aged 18–30, multiple driving scenarios were conducted, both without and with eco-driving guides, [...] Read more.

The present study aims to investigate the benefits of eco-driving in urban areas and on highways through an experiment conducted in a driving simulator. Within a group of 39 participants aged 18–30, multiple driving scenarios were conducted, both without and with eco-driving guides, to assess the impact of eco-driving behavior on environmental sustainability and safety outcomes. Data on pollutant emissions, including carbon dioxide (CO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen oxides (NO_x), as well as crash probability, were collected during the experiment. The relationships between driving behavior and pollutant emissions were estimated using linear regression models, while binary logistic regression models were employed to assess crash probability. The analysis revealed that eco-driving led to a significant reduction in pollutant emissions, with CO₂ emissions decreasing by 1.42%, CO by 98.2%, and NO_x by 20.7% across both urban and highway environments, with a more substantial impact in urban settings due to lower average speeds and smoother driving patterns. Furthermore, eco-driving reduced crash probability by 90.0%, with urban areas exhibiting an 86.8% higher crash likelihood compared to highways due to higher traffic density and more complex driving conditions. These findings highlight the dual benefit of eco-driving in reducing environmental impact and improving road safety. This study supports the integration of eco-driving techniques into transportation policies and driver education programs to foster sustainable and safer driving practices. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Urban Mobility: Road Safety and Traffic Engineering)

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20 pages, 1231 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Demonstrating the Values-Based WeValue InSitu Approach to Capture Hidden Intangible Benefits of Ecosystem Services in Nigeria

by Chike C. Ebido, Benita C. Odii, Shehanas Pazhoor, Mahsa Firoozmand, Andrew Church and Marie K. Harder

Sustainability 2025, 17(6), 2761; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17062761 - 20 Mar 2025

Viewed by 250

Abstract

The valuation of the benefits to humans of ecosystem services (ESs) provided by nature has become increasingly important. A current challenge is the measurement of the range of benefits which are not traded in the marketplace and are generally considered intangible, with further [...] Read more.

The valuation of the benefits to humans of ecosystem services (ESs) provided by nature has become increasingly important. A current challenge is the measurement of the range of benefits which are not traded in the marketplace and are generally considered intangible, with further challenges to even classify them formally, e.g., as cultural ecosystem services (CESs). Previous studies have emphasized a related challenge: the strong need for engagement of not just experts but ’ordinary people’. Approaches using participatory approaches and less formal communication pathways to draw out local CES values have been reported. However, critical reflections of those studies reported significant differences in understanding between ’outsider researchers’ and ’locals’, calling validity deeply into question. Even deliberative approaches backfired by significantly modifying local social constructs during elicitation. In this study, we demonstrate a fundamentally different kind of approach, developed from the bottom–up sustainability indicator development process called WeValue InSitu. It focuses not on improving deeper top–down ‘engagement’ of a specific topic, but instead on improving local articulation of existing envelopes of in situ human shared values, naturally integrated. The WeValue InSitu output is a framework of separate but interlinked concise Statements of local shared values. Some of these Statements may refer to values concerning ecosystems, but situated amongst others. Here, we analyze the outputs from 23 convenience groups in three sites in Nigeria and investigate the shared values found empirically against existing economics-based MEA classifications. The findings include hybrid values which span existing CES sub-categories and even across into market-based categories. This opens a discussion as to whether future ES valuation frameworks might evolve more usefully with foundations built on empirically derived typologies of human values, rather than bolt-on modifications to financially based economics concepts. It also raises questions about the validity of current valuations made which cannot capture empirically found human values. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Sustainability and Applications)

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5 pages, 159 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Sustainable Management and Regulation of Agricultural Water Resources in the Context of Global Climate Change

by Wen Yin, Xiaolin Yang and Wenfeng Liu

Sustainability 2025, 17(6), 2760; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17062760 - 20 Mar 2025

Viewed by 338

Abstract

Water is the lifeblood of agriculture, a sector that sustains global food security and livelihoods [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Management and Regulation of Agricultural Water Resources in the Context of Global Climate Change)

16 pages, 10765 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sustainable Immobilization of Cadmium, Lead, and Arsenic in Contaminated Soils Using Iron–Phosphorus–Thiol-Functionalized Trachycarpus fortunei Hydrochar

by Kun Ouyang, Kai Li, Yigui Tang, Haodi Yang, Xuanren Chen, Qian Li, Ping You, Rui Zhou, Ping Ning and Shuangyou Bao

Sustainability 2025, 17(6), 2759; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17062759 - 20 Mar 2025

Viewed by 245

Abstract

Simultaneously stabilizing cadmium, lead, and arsenic in contaminated soils is challenging due to their significant differences in physical and chemical properties. This study developed a composite material by modifying hydrochar with iron (Fe), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) to address this issue. The [...] Read more.

Simultaneously stabilizing cadmium, lead, and arsenic in contaminated soils is challenging due to their significant differences in physical and chemical properties. This study developed a composite material by modifying hydrochar with iron (Fe), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) to address this issue. The iron–phosphorus–thiol-modified Trachycarpus fortunei hydrochar (H-PAL-Fe2-P-T) effectively stabilized these metals. Experimental results showed that the H-PAL-Fe2-P-T achieved over 90% stabilization for DTPA-extracted cadmium, lead, and arsenic. Characterization by XRD, SEM, and FTIR revealed structural and functional changes in the hydrochar. Column leaching tests simulating acid rain showed that the composite material maintained stable stabilization effects, with the fluctuations in the stabilization rates remaining below 20%. Additionally, the composite-modified hydrochar enhanced the stabilization of water-soluble, DTPA-extracted, and TCLP-extracted heavy metals in soil, demonstrating good stability and durability for long-term use. These findings suggest that Fe-, P-, and S-modified hydrochar is a promising and sustainable approach for the remediation of soils contaminated with cadmium, lead, and arsenic. Full article

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24 pages, 4555 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analysis of the Interaction Between Endogenous Technological Innovation, Institutional Regulation, and Economic Long Wave: A Perspective from Nonlinear Dynamics

by Bo Chen, Jie Gao and Zhicheng Zhao

Sustainability 2025, 17(6), 2758; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17062758 - 20 Mar 2025

Viewed by 255

Abstract

The capitalist economy has experienced several economic long waves after the industrial revolution. The previous explanations for their causes have primarily focused on a single factor such as technology or institution, which has limitations and flaws. In this paper, the cause of economic [...] Read more.

The capitalist economy has experienced several economic long waves after the industrial revolution. The previous explanations for their causes have primarily focused on a single factor such as technology or institution, which has limitations and flaws. In this paper, the cause of economic long waves is explained by employing the nonlinear interaction and nonequilibrium evolution mechanisms in complex economics. Moreover, the relationships between endogenous technological innovation, institutional regulation, and economic long waves are examined. The research results show that technological innovation is driven by the economic long wave movement. In particular, the phases of depression, recovery, and prosperity within these waves may serve as catalysts for further innovation. The free market can exhibit endogenous instability. The dual regulation of productive and distributive institutions can ensure stable and efficient economic development and achieve broad social benefits. However, in a context of individual decentralized decision making, the institutional structures often deviate from the optimal outcome. This deviation, to a certain extent, leads to structural economic crises. The integration and interaction between technological innovation and institutional regulation jointly drive the long wave movement and the accumulation cycle of the economy. This paper proposes a feasible method for studying economic long waves, offering insights that could promote sustainable and robust economic development. Full article

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18 pages, 990 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Education and Nursing in the 2030 Agenda: Challenges and Opportunities for University Education

by Anabel Ramos-Pla, Isabel del Arco, Aleix Olondriz-Valverde and Laura Fornons Casol

Sustainability 2025, 17(6), 2757; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17062757 - 20 Mar 2025

Viewed by 284

Abstract

This study analyzes the perception of students from the faculties of Education and Nursing on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). A quantitative methodology using a validated questionnaire was applied to 457 students from universities in Spain and Latin America. The results indicate that [...] Read more.

This study analyzes the perception of students from the faculties of Education and Nursing on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). A quantitative methodology using a validated questionnaire was applied to 457 students from universities in Spain and Latin America. The results indicate that almost half of the participants perceive a relationship between the learning objectives in their careers and the SDGs, while a quarter do not. Regarding the integration of the SDGs in the curricular content, 36.8% were not aware of their inclusion, and 29.3% confirmed it, being more common in Nursing. SDGs 3 (Health) and 4 (Education) were most frequently addressed, while SDGs 2 (Hunger) and 14 (Life below water) were less frequently addressed. Differences were significant according to university and subject area. This study concludes that there is a mixed perception of the integration of the SDGs into curricula, with an urgent need to improve their visibility and adopt transdisciplinary approaches to meet the challenges of the 2030 Agenda. Effective integration of the SDGs in higher education is crucial to develop professionals committed to sustainable development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Education and Approaches)

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