Processes, Volume 8, Issue 11

One of the challenges for single-screw micro-extrusion or additive manufacturing (AM), thus 3D printing, of polymers is controlling the melting efficiency so that energy and equipment costs can be minimized. Here, a numerical model is presented for A...

In this paper, the characteristics of the cyclone separator was analyzed from the Lagrangian perspective for designing the important dependent variables. The neural network network model was developed for predicting the separation performance paramet...

Modern industrial units collect large amounts of process data based on which advanced process monitoring algorithms continuously assess the status of operations. As an integral part of the development of such algorithms, a reference dataset represent...

The contamination of soil and water bodies with mercury from anthropogenic sources such as mining and industry activities causes negative effect for living organisms due to the process of bioaccumulation and biomagnification through the food chain. T...

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the impact of processing parameters of the hot-melt extrusion (HME) on the pharmaceutical formulation properties. Carbamazepine (CBZ) was selected as a model water-insoluble drug. It was incorporated into Solu...

This paper presents a numerical analysis of the application of emulsified biofuel (EB) to diesel engines. The study performs a numerical study of three different guide vane designs (GVD) that are incorporated with a shallow depth re-entrance combusti...

The current study was designed to demonstrate the efficiency of selected zeolites in the immobilization of heavy metals and volatile organic compounds from water in the industrial area of Tito Scalo (Basilicata Region in Southern Italy). The efficien...

Tuna blood (TB) was subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis. The effects of the relationship of hydrolysis time (30–180 min) and enzyme concentration (0.5–3.0% w/w protein) on the degree of hydrolysis (DH), yield, antioxidant and angiotensin-I-...

Computational fluid dynamics simulations (CFD) were used to evaluate mixing in baffled and unbaffled vessels. The Reynolds-averaged Navier−Stokes k–ε model was implemented in OpenFOAM for obtaining the fluid flow field. The 95% ho...

To study the flow characteristics and the wear distribution of pumps at different rotation speeds, a rotating disc with three blades was designed for experiments. Numerical simulations were conducted using a computational fluid dynamics-discrete phas...

Controlling rabies among free-roaming street dogs has been a huge challenge in many parts of the world. Vaccination is a commonly used strategy to control rabies, however, sufficient vaccination coverage is very challenging when it comes to street do...

Intensive pig farming produces huge amounts of swine manure, which can cause regional nutrient imbalances and represent a potential source of soil and water pollution due to manure over-application. In order to improve nutrient stewardship, technolog...

Using moderate populations of filaments in the biomass of Membrane Bio-Reactors (MBRs) is a biological anti-fouling method which has been increasingly applied over the last few years. This study aims to quantify the effect of COD to TN ratio, Dissolv...

Dried blood spot (DBS) technology has become a promising utility for the transportation and storage of biological fluids aimed for the subsequent clinical analysis. The basis of the DBS method is the adsorption of the components of a biological sampl...

In this paper, ZnCo₂O₄ nanowire arrays with a uniform carbon coating were introduced when polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) served as the carbon source. The coating process was completed by a facile bath method in PVA aqueous solution and subsequent pyrolyzati...

Nickel catalysts supported on zirconium oxide and modified by various amounts of lanthanum with 10, 15, and 20 wt.% were synthesized for CO₂ reforming of methane. The effect of La₂O₃ as a promoter on the stability of the catalyst, the amount of carbo...

This manuscript describes a novel in situ interfacial dynamic inverse emulsion polymerization process under sonication of aniline in the presence of carbon nanotubes (CNT) and graphene nanoparticles in ethanol. This polymerization method is simple an...

Asphaltenes, as the heaviest and most polar fraction of petroleum, have been characterized by various analytical techniques. A variety of fractionation methods have been carried out to separate asphaltenes into multiple subfractions for further inves...

The management of the man–machine interaction is essential to achieve a competitive advantage among production firms and is more highlighted in the processing of agricultural products. The agricultural industry is underdeveloped and requires a...

Hops are critical to the brewing industry. In commercial hop drying, a large bulk of hops is dried in multistage kilns for several hours. This affects the drying behavior and alters the amount and chemical composition of the hop oils. To understand t...

The axial flow pump is a low head, high discharge pump usually applicable in drainage and irrigation facilities. A certain gap should be reserved between the impeller blade root and the impeller hub to ensure the blade adjustability to broaden the hi...

A mechanistic model is proposed to describe the emulsion polymerization processes for the production of styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) and acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber (NBR) elastomers in trains of continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTR...

Due to its low operating temperature, the performance of a methanol steam reformer depends on efficient thermal integration. In particular, the integration of the evaporator is crucial to enhance thermal efficiency. This paper presents two different...

Ash behavior is a key operational aspect of industrial-scale power generation by means of biomass combustion. In this work, FactSage^TM 6.4 software was used to develop and assess three models of wheat straw combustion in a vibrating grate-fired comme...

Sustainable Development Goals establish the main challenges humankind is called to tackle to assure equal comfort of living worldwide. Among these, the access to affordable renewable energy and clean water are overriding, especially in the context of...

This study evaluated the leakage characteristics of a stepped labyrinth seal. Experiments and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis were conducted for a wide range of pressure ratios and clearance sizes, and the effect of the clearance on the l...

Optimal steam process drive sizing is crucial for efficient and sustainable operation of energy-intense industries. Recent years have brought several methods assessing this problem, which differ in complexity and user-friendliness. In this paper, a n...

One popular method for optimizing systems, referred to as ANN-PSO, uses an artificial neural network (ANN) to approximate the system and an optimization method like particle swarm optimization (PSO) to select inputs. However, with reinforcement learn...

A novel auto-aspirated sparger is examined experimentally in a closed-loop reactor (CLR) at lab scale using particle image velocimetry, high-speed camera and oxygen mass transfer rate measurements. State-of-the-art 3D printing technology was utilized...

Microscale combustion has potential application in a micro power generator. This paper studied the ignition and combustion behavior of individual graphite microparticles in a micro-combustor to explore the utilization of carbon-based fuels at the mic...

This paper presents results of investigation of co-combustion process of biodiesel with gasoline, in form of mixture and using dual fuel technology. The main objective of this work was to show differences in both combustion systems of the engine powe...

Sweet sorghum is a unique bioenergy crop that produces stalks with fermentable free sugars. The purpose of this study was to evaluate how the production of hemicellulosic saccharides and bioethanol from sweet sorghum stalks (SSS) can be influenced by...

Production of medium chain carboxylic acids (MCCA) as renewable feedstock bio-chemicals, from food waste (FW), requires complicated reactor configurations and supplementation of chemicals to achieve product selectivity. This study evaluated the manip...

Mineral base oils are used to produce commercial lubricants and are obtained from refining vacuum residue. Lubricants are used to reduce friction in industry devices, so their viscosity is a key characteristic that needs to be optimized throughout th...

The design and synthesis of new multifunctional organic porous polymers has attracted significant attention over the years due to their favorable properties, which make them suitable for carbon dioxide storage. In this study, 2-, 3-, and 4-hydroxyben...

The application of the Discrete Element Method (DEM) allows simulating the movement of a particle of any shape in a conveyor. The DEM method uses the assumptions of the Lagrange calculation model, in which each particle in the domain is tracked indiv...

Foam materials have been widely used in various industrial applications, where higher and higher heat and mass transfer performances are pursued. However, the mechanism of many factors on the heat transfer performances is still unclear. The main purp...

In the tight sandstone oil production stage, the migration of particles will not only block the oil path and throat, but also block the wellbore and damage the equipment. Based on the theory of non-Newtonian fluid, hydrodynamics, the extended Derjagu...

Transitioning to a renewable energy economy requires the widespread integration of solar and wind power, which are intermittent, into the electricity grid. To this goal, it is paramount to develop cost-competitive, reliable, location-independence, an...

A novel carbonaceous adsorbent was prepared from sulfur-impregnated heavy oil ash via pyrolysis using potassium sulfide (K₂S) solution, and its ability to remove lead (Pb²⁺) from aqueous solutions was examined. It was compared with an adsorbent synth...

This study investigated the use of brewing wastewater (BW) as the primary carbon source in the Postgate medium for the optimisation of sulphate reduction in acid mine drainage (AMD). The results showed that the sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) consor...

The main objective of the present paper is to compare, by means of a problem leading to a closed-form solution, the qualitative behavior of solutions based on three strain hardening laws: Swift’s law, Ludwik’s law, and Voce’s law. T...

 In the present report, we provide the results of the molecular biology studies of spiroheterocyclic hybrids, where the derivatives are found to possess potential anticancer activity towards cancer cells. A series of spiroxindole–pyrrolidi...

For the last twenty years, polymer hybrid nanocomposites have enjoyed unflagging interest from numerous scientific groups and R&D departments, as they provide notable enhancement of properties, even at low nanofillers’ content. Their perfor...

The working principle and motion process of an aviation wet clutch are analyzed. The initial velocity before the friction pair engaged is solved. The transient Reynolds equation is modified, and an oil film bearing capacity model and a micro-convex b...

The aim of this study was to synthesize, characterize, and evaluate neoteric imine compounds for antimicrobial activity and hemocompatibility. Four compounds were synthesized using 3-thiophene carboxaldehyde, ethanol, amine, and acetic acid. The comp...

Xylindein, a stable quinonic blue-green fungal pigment, has shown potential for use not only as a colorant but also as an (opto)electronic material. As no method presently exists to synthesize the pigment, organic production by slow-growing fungi fro...

Sensors and process control systems are essential for process automation and optimization. Many sectors have adapted to the Industry 4.0 paradigm, but copper smelters remain hesitant to implement these technologies without appropriate justification,...

Veterinary antibiotics are widely used worldwide to treat and prevent infectious diseases, as well as (in countries where allowed) to promote growth and improve feeding efficiency of food-producing animals in livestock activities. Among the different...

The barely satisfactory monitoring situation of the hypertoxic fluorochemical engineering processes requires the application of advanced strategies. In order to deal with the non-linear mechanism of the processes and the highly complicated correlatio...