Symmetry, Volume 13, Issue 6

In this communication, using a generalized conformable differential operator, a simulation of the well-known Newton’s law of cooling is made. In particular, we use the conformable $t^{1-\alpha }$, $e^{(1-\alpha )t}$ and non-conformable $t^{-\alpha }$ kernels. The analytical solution...

Forward error correction codes (FEC) are one of the vital sections of modern communication systems; therefore, recognition of the coding type is an important issue in non-cooperative communication. At present, the recognition of FEC codes is mainly c...

Differential equations with delay arguments are one of the branches of functional differential equations which take into account the system’s past, allowing for more accurate and efficient future prediction. The symmetry of the equations in terms of...

Recent advances in experimental biology studies have produced large amount of molecular activity data. In particular, individual patient data provide non-time series information for the molecular activities in disease conditions. The challenge is how...

This paper develops a novel soft fault diagnosis approach for analog circuits. The proposed method employs the backward difference strategy to process the data, and a novel variant of convolutional neural network, i.e., convolutional neural network w...

The aim of this paper is to derive some common best proximity point results in partial metric spaces defining a new class of symmetric mappings, which is a generalization of cyclic ϕ-contraction mappings. With the help of these symmetric mappings, th...

Using a small number of mathematical transformations, this article examines the nature of fractional models described by fractional differential equations or pseudo state space descriptions. Computation of the impulse response of a fractional model u...

Majorana bound states in topological superconductors have attracted intense research activity in view of applications in topological quantum computation. However, they are not the only example of topological bound states that can occur in such system...

In this article, we present a two-point boundary value problem with separated boundary conditions for a finite nabla fractional difference equation. First, we construct an associated Green’s function as a series of functions with the help of spectral...

This paper provides three classes of q-summation formulas in the form of general contiguous extensions of the first q-Kummer summation theorem. Their derivations are presented by using three methods, which are along the lines of the three types of we...

We studied supramolecular chirality induced by circularly polarized light. Photoresponsive azopolymers form a helical intermolecular network. Furthermore, studies on photochemical materials using optical vortex light will also attract attention in th...

As the COVID-19 pandemic rapidly spreads across the world, regrettably, misinformation and fake news related to COVID-19 have also spread remarkably. Such misinformation has confused people. To be able to detect such COVID-19 misinformation, an effec...

Swarm-based algorithm can successfully avoid the local optimal constraints, thus achieving a smooth balance between exploration and exploitation. Salp swarm algorithm (SSA), as a swarm-based algorithm on account of the predation behavior of the salp,...

While walking on split-belt treadmills (two belts running at different speeds), the slower limb shows longer anterior steps than the limb dragged by the faster belt. After returning to basal conditions, the step length asymmetry is transiently revers...

Reversible data hiding in the encrypted domain (RDH-ED) is a technique that protects the privacy of multimedia in the cloud service. In order to manage three-dimensional (3D) models, a novel RDH-ED based on prediction error expansion (PEE) is propose...

Under the low voltage ride through (LVRT) control strategy, the inverter interfaced distributed generation (IIDG) needs to change the output mode of the inverter according to the voltage of the connected nodes. The short-circuit current is related to...

There are some classes of methods for solving integral equations of the variable boundaries. It is known that each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. By taking into account the disadvantages of known methods, here was constructed a new...

DEM parameters calibration is the most important step in preparing a DEM model. At the same time, the lack of a universal approach to DEM parameters calibration complicates this process. The paper presents the author’s approach to creating a universa...

In this paper we propose a novel learning-based wavelet transform and demonstrate its utility as a representation in solving a number of linear inverse problems—these are asymmetric problems, where the forward problem is easy to solve, but the invers...

In this study, we present the notion of the quasi-ordinarization transform of a numerical semigroup. The set of all semigroups of a fixed genus can be organized in a forest whose roots are all the quasi-ordinary semigroups of the same genus. This way...

In this article, plenty of wave solutions of the (2 + 1)-dimensional Kadomtsev–Petviashvili–Benjamin–Bona–Mahony ((2 + 1)-D KP-BBM) model are constructed by employing two recent analytical schemes (a modified direct algebraic (MDA) method and modifie...

Risk and security are two symmetric descriptions of the uncertainty of the same system. If the risk early warning is carried out in time, the security capability of the system can be improved. A safety early warning model based on fuzzy c-means clust...

The wide application of encryption technology has made traffic classification gradually become a major challenge in the field of network security. Traditional methods such as machine learning, which rely heavily on feature engineering and others, can...

In recent years, Android malware has continued to evolve against detection technologies, becoming more concealed and harmful, making it difficult for existing models to resist adversarial sample attacks. At the current stage, the detection result is...

Shroud devices which are typical cyclic symmetric structures are widely used to reduce the vibration of turbine blades in aero engines. Asymmetric rub-impact of adjacent shrouds or aerodynamic excitation forces can excite the bending-torsion coupling...

In this paper, a high capacity reversible data hiding technique using a parametric binary tree labeling scheme is proposed. The proposed parametric binary tree labeling scheme is used to label a plaintext image’s pixels as two different categories, r...

This work is devoted to the research of new asymmetry effects in symmetric protective structures with triple modal reservation. We analyzed the structures with different cross-sectional locations of the reference conductor: in the center (unshielded...

Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is often associated with impaired muscle strength, flexibility, and stability. It has been suggested that inter-leg asymmetries have an important role in increasing the risk of musculoskeletal injuries, including PFP. Thus,...

Let G be a simple graph of order n with vertex set $V\left(G\right)$ and edge set $E\left(G\right)$, and let k be an integer such that $1\le k\le n-1$. The k-token graph $G^{\left\{k\right\}}$ of G is the graph whose vertices are the k-subsets of $V\left(G\right)$, where two vertices A and B are adjacent in $G^{\left\{k\right\}}$ w...

Dubrovin’s work on the classification of perturbed KdV-type equations is reanalyzed in detail via the gradient-holonomic integrability scheme, which was devised and developed jointly with Maxim Pavlov and collaborators some time ago. As a consequence...

We consider the optimal order quantity problem for exponentially deteriorating items where the opportunity cost is based on compound interest and backorders are allowed. Our objectives in this research are to develop a model that accurately models de...

Neuroevolutionary models are used to predict magnetic hysteresis for barium hexaferrites (to predict magnetic hysteresis for barium hexaferrites). Magnetic hysteresis for a specific set of samples of barium hexaferrite doped with titanium were measur...

IDEA is a classic symmetric encryption algorithm proposed in 1991 and widely used in many applications. However, there is little research into white-box IDEA. In traditional white-box implementations of existing block ciphers, S-boxes are always conv...

In this article, we present a solution to the approximation problem of the volume obtained by the integration of a bivariate function on any finite interval $[a,b]\times [c,d]$, as well as on any symmetrical finite interval $[-a,a]\times [-a,a]$ when a double integr...

Normality is the most commonly used mathematical supposition in data modeling. Nonetheless, even based on the law of large numbers (LLN), normality is a strong presumption, given that the presence of asymmetry and multi-modality in real-world problem...

The horizontal displacement of the soil at the face of the subway tunnel is symmetrically distributed along the central axis of the tunnel, which is larger in the middle and smaller at both sides. The displacement is related to the size of the excava...

In recent years, neural networks have become a new method for the analysis of extended X-ray absorption fine structure data. Due to its sensitivity to local structure, X-ray absorption spectroscopy is often used to study disordered systems and one of...

Stability is the prerequisite of a milling operation, and it seriously depends on machining parameters and machine tool dynamics. Considering that the tool information, including the tool clamping length, feeding direction, and spatial position, has...

Thanks to the rapid development of the semiconductor industry, smartphones have become an indispensable part of our lives with their increasing computational power, 5G connection, multiple integrated sensors, etc. The boundary of the functionalities...

A close relation between the optimal packing of spheres in ${\mathbb{R}}^d$ and minimal energy E (effective conductivity) of composites with ideally conducting spherical inclusions is established. The location of inclusions of the optimal-design problem yields the...

This paper studies the uniqueness of the solutions of several of Abel’s integral equations of the second kind with variable coefficients as well as an in-symmetry system in Banach spaces $L(\Omega )$ and $L(\Omega )\times L(\Omega )$, respectively. The results derived are new a...

We introduce a multi-parameter family of bases in the Hilbert space $L^2\left(\mathbb{R}\right)$ that are associated to a set of Hermite functions, which also serve as a basis for $L^2\left(\mathbb{R}\right)$. The Hermite functions are eigenfunctions of the Fourier transform, a property that is,...

The research on autonomous driving based on deep reinforcement learning algorithms is a research hotspot. Traditional autonomous driving requires human involvement, and the autonomous driving algorithms based on supervised learning must be trained in...

Galaxies are gigantic physical systems having a typical size of many tens of thousands of light years. Thus, any change at the center of the galaxy will affect the rim only tens of millennia later. Those retardation effects seem to be ignored in pres...

The unbalanced exciting force of high-speed rotary asymmetric rotor equipment is the main factor causing rotor vibration. In order to effectively suppress the vibration of the asymmetric rotor equipment, the paper establishes a multistage asymmetric...

A Snyder model generated by the noncommutative coordinates and Lorentz generators closes a Lie algebra. The application of the Heisenberg double construction is investigated for the Snyder coordinates and momenta generators. This leads to the phase s...

Directing at various problems of the traditional Q-Learning algorithm, such as heavy repetition and disequilibrium of explorations, the reinforcement-exploration strategy was used to replace the decayed ε-greedy strategy in the traditional Q-Learning...

Among the many different definitions of the fractional derivative, the Riemann–Liouville and Gerasimov–Caputo derivatives are most commonly used. In this paper, we consider the equations with the Dzhrbashyan–Nersesyan fractional derivative, which gen...

Symmetric elliptical distributions have been intensively used in data modeling and robustness studies. The area of applications was considerably widened after transforming elliptical distributions into the skew elliptical ones that preserve several g...

This paper addresses the projection pursuit problem assuming that the distribution of the input vector belongs to the flexible and wide family of multivariate scale mixtures of skew normal distributions. Under this assumption, skewness-based projecti...