Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been proposed as a potential therapy to treat congenital and acquired lung diseases. Due to their tissue-regenerative, anti-fibrotic, and immunomodulatory properties, MSCs combined with other therapy or alone cou...
In the context of digitalizing healthcare systems, digital health sources (DHSs) aim to enhance the efficiency, accessibility, and quality of healthcare services by leveraging technology. Multiple types of DHSs are increasingly established in healthc...
Pediatric interstitial lung diseases (chILD) are a diverse and complex group of rare but impactful disorders characterized by heterogeneous etiologies and variable clinical courses. Traditional diagnosis-based management often delays targeted treatme...
Background: The pediatric population with chronic suppurative lung diseases (CSLDs) presents with a clinical profile of persistent productive cough and impaired airway clearance, which leads to reduced exercise capacity and physical activity (PA). Th...
Background: The illnesses associated with changes in barometric pressure can be classified into three types: acute mountain sickness, high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE), and high-altitude cerebral edema. HAPE is a rare form of pulmonary edema that...
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disease with high mortality despite recent therapeutic advances. The disease is caused by both genetic and environmental factors and likely gene–environment interactions. While PAH can manifest ac...
Purpose: To retrospectively compare the pleuropulmonary MDCT findings in children with pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS) and prematurity-related lung disease (PLD). Materials and Methods: All consecutive infants and young children (≤18 years old) who...
Lung ultrasound has become increasingly used in both adult and pediatric populations, allowing the rapid evaluation of many lung and pleura diseases. This popularity is due to several advantages of the method such as the low cost, rapidity, lack of i...
The intestinal microbiota is known to influence local immune homeostasis in the gut and to shape the developing immune system towards elimination of pathogens and tolerance towards self-antigens. Even though the lung was considered sterile for a long...
Background: Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by variable degrees of inflammation and fibrosis affecting the pulmonary interstitium. Advances in molecular biology and genetics have greatly expanded...
Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe and rare disease with an important genetic background. The influence of genetic testing in the clinical classification of pediatric PAH is not well known and genetics could influence manag...
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has manifested distinct impacts on infants and children. This study delves into the intricate connection between lung ultrasound (LUS) findings and serum biomarkers in neonates and infants with COVID-19. E...
Interstitial lung diseases in children are a diverse group in terms of etiology and pathogenesis. With advances in genetic testing, mutations in surfactant protein have now been identified as the etiology for childhood interstitial lung disease of va...
Background/Objectives: Integrating the cytotoxic drug busulfan into a high-dose chemotherapy regimen prior to autologous hematopoietic stem cell rescue in patients with high-risk neuroblastoma has improved the survival of children battling this deadl...
Nutrition is an important component of cystic fibrosis (CF) therapy, with a high-fat diet being the cornerstone of treatment. However, adherence to the dietary recommendations for CF appears suboptimal and burdensome for most children and adolescents...
Children with End Stage Lung Disease (ESLD) are part of the growing population of individuals with life-limiting conditions of childhood. These patients present with a diverse set of pulmonary, cardiovascular, neuromuscular, and developmental conditi...
Insulin receptor substrates (IRSs) are proteins that are involved in signaling through the insulin receptor (IR) and insulin-like growth factor (IGFR). They can also interact with other receptors including growth factor receptors. Thus, they represen...
Background/Objectives: Juvenile systemic sclerosis (jSSc) is a rare, chronic autoimmune disease with limited pediatric data. We aimed to characterize the demographic, clinical, immunological, and microvascular features of a Russian cohort of children...
Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) or diffuse parenchymal lung diseases (DPLD) comprise a large number of disorders. Disease definition and classification allow advanced and personalized judgements on clinical disease, risks for genetic or environmenta...
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) comprises a group of respiratory diseases affecting the interstitium of the lungs, which occur when a lung injury triggers an abnormal healing response, and an inflammatory process leads to altered diffusion and restri...
Lung ultrasound (LUS) has emerged as a valuable diagnostic modality for the evaluation of respiratory disorders in neonates, infants and children. LUS has high diagnostic accuracy for identification of lung lesions in neonates, infants and children,...
The potential role of ultrasound for the diagnosis of pulmonary diseases is a recent field of research, because, traditionally, lungs have been considered unsuitable for ultrasonography for the high presence of air and thoracic cage that prevent a cl...
Although pediatric pulmonary hypertension (PH) shares features and mechanisms with adult PH, there are also some significant differences between the two conditions. Segmental PH is a unique pediatric subtype of PH with unclear and/or multifactorial p...
In contrast to studies of adults with emphysema, application of fixed thresholds to determine low- and high-attenuation areas (air-trapping and parenchymal lung disease) in pediatric quantitative chest CT is problematic. We aimed to assess age effect...
Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCO2R) is an important technique to treat critical lung diseases such as exacerbated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and mild or moderate acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This study appl...
Asthma management in children aims to prevent ongoing symptoms, preserve lung function and support normal daily activities. Impulse oscillometry (IOS) represents a modern approach to evaluating lung function that is also suitable for performing in th...
Background: Pediatric thoracic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has evolved into a valuable diagnostic modality that offers high-resolution morphological and functional assessment. While conventional radiography and computed tomography (CT) remain st...
Exposure to hydrochloric acid (HCl) can provoke severe chronic pulmonary injury. Children are particularly vulnerable due to their smaller airways, higher respiratory rate, and stronger inflammatory response; yet no countermeasures exist for HCl-indu...
The Cystic Fibrosis Conductance Transmembrane Regulator gene encodes for the CFTR ion channel, which is responsible for the transport of chloride and bicarbonate across the plasma membrane. Mutations in the gene result in impaired ion transport, subs...
Background: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) was first described in 1967 by Ashbaugh et al. as a severe acute hypoxemic respiratory failure with reduced lung compliance, representing a common end-path of severe pulmonary endothelial inflamm...
Lung ultrasound (LUS) is increasing in its popularity for the diagnosis of pulmonary complications in acute pediatric care settings. Despite the high incidence of pulmonary complications for patients with pediatric cardiovascular and congenital heart...
Pediatric asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by complex interactions among airway inflammation, nutritional status, metabolic health, environmental exposures, and immune regulation. This narrative review summarizes current evidence linki...
Recent documents from leading international pediatric respiratory societies have strongly encouraged the use of lung function tests in clinical practice and research. These tests can explore ventilatory function across its volumetric and temporal dom...
Introduction: Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases in childhood and represents a major global public health concern due to its high prevalence, healthcare burden, and impact on quality of life. Pediatric asthma is characterized by clinic...
The inflammatory response plays a central role in the complications of congenital pulmonary airway malformations (CPAM) and severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The aim of this study was to evaluate the transcriptional changes induced by SARS-...
Patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) commonly have dependent atelectasis and heterogeneous lung disease. Due to the heterogenous lung volumes seen, the application of positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) can have both beneficia...
Background: The range of pulmonary complications beyond infections in pediatric immunocompromised patients is broad but not well characterized. Our goal was to assess the spectrum of disorders with a focus on interstitial lung diseases (ILD) in immun...
CFTR encodes for a chloride and bicarbonate channel expressed at the apical membrane of polarized epithelial cells. Transepithelial sodium transport mediated by the amiloride-sensitive sodium channel ENaC is thought to contribute to the manifestation...
Acute respiratory failure (ARF) is a sudden failure of the respiratory system to ensure adequate gas exchanges. Numerous clinical conditions may cause ARF, including pneumonia, obstructive lung diseases (e.g., asthma), restrictive diseases such as ne...
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a prevalent pathogen in the immunocompromised host and invasive pneumonia is a feared complication of the virus in this population. In this pediatric case series we characterized CMV lung infection in 15 non-HIV infected chil...
Background and objective: Chronic respiratory diseases in children deteriorate their daily life due to dyspnea and reduced lung function. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of home-based pulmonary rehabilitation in pediatric chronic respiratory dis...
Childhood asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disorder that can drive tissue remodeling. Neutrophils are amongst the most prominent inflammatory cells contributing to disease manifestations and may exert a potent role in the progression of inflam...
Asthma is the most prevalent chronic respiratory disease in childhood, and the objective assessment of airway inflammation remains a major challenge, particularly in younger children in whom conventional lung function testing is often not feasible. T...
Historically, the lung was not listed and recognized as a major target organ of diabetic injury. The first evidence of diabetic lung involvement was published fifty years ago, with a study conducted in a population of young adults affected by type 1...
Lung diseases are a major global health concern, with nearly 4 million deaths annually, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Chest X-rays (CXR) are widely used as a cost-effective and efficient diagnostic tool by radiologists to detect c...
Anti-inflammatory therapy, centered on inhaled steroids, suppresses airway inflammation in asthma, reduces asthma mortality and hospitalization rates, and achieves clinical remission in many pediatric patients. However, the spontaneous remission rate...
Introduction: Post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans (PIBO) is a rare and severe chronic lung disease. Our goal was to characterize respiratory epithelium in children with PIBO, which remains unexplored, using an ex vivo model culture. Methods: Pro...
Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, several studies have been published describing neuromuscular manifestations of the disease, as well as management of pre-existing pediatric neuromuscular disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. These disorders inclu...
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare, genetically heterogeneous disorder that impairs mucociliary clearance and leads to progressive lung disease. This study aimed to characterize lung function decline in a genetically homogeneous cohort of Pue...
Metastatic disease and the complications of treating metastatic disease are the primary causes of mortality in children with solid malignancies. Nearly 25% of children with solid tumors have metastatic disease at initial diagnosis and another 20% dev...
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