Sustainability

25 pages, 4658 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Investment Decisions of CCUS Projects in China Considering the Supply–Demand Relationship of CO₂ from the Industry Symbiosis Perspective

by Bo Sun and Jiajia Tao

Sustainability 2024, 16(12), 5273; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16125273 - 20 Jun 2024

Viewed by 570

Abstract

Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology is vital for China to achieve its carbon neutrality goal. However, the high cost of CCUS projects, multiple processes, and insufficient policy support make it difficult for firms to invest independently. As an innovative way to [...] Read more.

Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology is vital for China to achieve its carbon neutrality goal. However, the high cost of CCUS projects, multiple processes, and insufficient policy support make it difficult for firms to invest independently. As an innovative way to achieve waste resource utilization, industrial symbiosis can effectively break through this dilemma. Based on the real options theory, this study establishes decision models for independent investment in a carbon capture and storage project by a coal-fired power plant (CFPP) and independent investment in an enhanced oil recovery project by an oil company. Then, from the perspective of industrial symbiosis, the decision models of cooperative investment in a CCUS project by a CFPP and an oil company are constructed. The models consider the supply–demand relationship of CO₂, the correlation between carbon and oil prices, and technological uncertainty. The differential equation method is used to solve the models to obtain the investment thresholds and option values. Finally, all models are applied to a CCUS project in Guangdong Province, China, for simulation analyses. Based on the simulation results of the CCUS project in Guangdong Province, our major findings are as follows: (1) Industrial symbiosis can effectively promote the development of CCUS projects. Compared with the independent investment mode, industrial symbiosis reduces the investment threshold of the project by at least 25.42% and increases the option value by at least 12.94%. (2) It is more likely to trigger the project’s investment when CO₂ supply and demand are balanced. The CCUS project’s investment threshold increases with the imbalance between CO₂ supply and demand. (3) Stable carbon and oil prices can promote the project’s investment, and increasing the positive correlation coefficient of the prices will increase the project’s investment threshold. Full article

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51 pages, 2127 KiB

Open AccessReview

Strategies and Impacts of Policy Entrepreneurs: Ideology, Democracy, and the Quest for a Just Transition to Climate Neutrality

by Fredrik von Malmborg

Sustainability 2024, 16(12), 5272; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16125272 - 20 Jun 2024

Viewed by 736

Abstract

The concept of policy entrepreneurs has gained increasing attention in studies of policy change, including climate policy and governance. It foregrounds the role of agency in understanding policy change. However, agency of policy entrepreneurs in the policy process is political and conceals the [...] Read more.

The concept of policy entrepreneurs has gained increasing attention in studies of policy change, including climate policy and governance. It foregrounds the role of agency in understanding policy change. However, agency of policy entrepreneurs in the policy process is political and conceals the power that shapes how public problems and policies are framed and defined. Thus, policy entrepreneurs should be confronted with the challenge of generating legitimacy, accountability, and justice in their actions and the implementation of their targeted policy change. Drawing on political–philosophical theories of liberal and deliberative democracy as well as environmental and ecological democracy this paper outlines a conceptual framework for critical analytical as well as normative research on strategies and impacts of policy entrepreneurs on democratic governance, primarily in climate policy but also more generally. Empirical research on the strategies and impacts of policy entrepreneurs in recent policymaking on climate change mitigation in the EU and Sweden identifies several deficits related to the democratic principles of legitimacy, accountability, and justice. It is found that policy entrepreneurs from different social spheres use cultural–institutional entrepreneurship to influence beliefs and perceptions on problems and policies. In addition, it is found that public sector policy entrepreneurs use structural entrepreneurship on ideological grounds to change existing power relations in climate governance. In all, the paper brings ideology and politics into research on policy entrepreneurs. It is suggested that not only the strategies used, but also the ideologies of the actors that use them, are decisive for the impacts of policy entrepreneurs, and thus, whether their advocacy will adhere to democratic norms and facilitate or hamper a just transition to climate neutrality and sustainability. The paper ends with proposals on how policy entrepreneurs can act more democratically, how to deal with populist policy entrepreneurs wanting to erode democracy, and conditions for climate justice movements to take responsibility and act in a more entrepreneurial way. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Achieving Carbon Neutrality: Recent Progress of Sustainable Energy Economic, Energy Policy and Energy Transition)

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18 pages, 2171 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Soil Heavy Metal(loid) Pollution Evaluation, Risk Assessment, and Source Analysis of a Mineral Processing Plant

by Wenping Luo, Pingtang Wei, Yan Zhang and Chengshuai Sun

Sustainability 2024, 16(12), 5271; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16125271 - 20 Jun 2024

Viewed by 462

Abstract

Yunnan Province is rich in mineral resources. Early mining, processing, metallurgy, and other mining activities produce three industrial wastes (waste water, waste gas, and waste residue) causing environmental pollution. Considering the legacy site of a mineral processing plant in Yunnan as the research [...] Read more.

Yunnan Province is rich in mineral resources. Early mining, processing, metallurgy, and other mining activities produce three industrial wastes (waste water, waste gas, and waste residue) causing environmental pollution. Considering the legacy site of a mineral processing plant in Yunnan as the research object, 21 sampling points in the study area and 12 control sampling points in the periphery were set up to determine the contents of the heavy metal(loid)s As, Hg, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Cr in the soil. The spatial distribution of heavy metal(loid)s was interpolated and analyzed using Arcmap10.8, and combined with the single-factor index, Nemero Comprehensive Pollution Index, and the health risk assessment method for the heavy metal(loid) pollution status and health risk of the soil were evaluated. The soil in the study area was acidic, with the largest average value of elemental As and the largest percentages of control and screening values. The results of the single-factor and Nemero composite pollution index showed the following trend: As > Pb > Cd > Cu > Ni > Hg. Cd, Cu, and Pb mainly originate from mining and metallurgy and Hg from the combustion of fossil fuels, while soil-forming substrates are the main sources of Ni. Pollution by As was the most prominent element, whereas pollution by Cd, Cu, and Pb in some areas also cannot be ignored to prevent negative impacts on residents. It is recommended to remediate and treat the soil on site for public events; therefore, this study fills the gap in studying potential ecological risks, human health risk assessments, and sources of exposure (oral ingestion, respiratory ingestion, dermal contact). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Assessing the Adverse Effects of Anthropogenic Pollution and Ecological Risk Assessment)

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19 pages, 17953 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Experimental Study Focusing on the Filling Process and Consolidation Characteristics of Geotextile Tubes Filled with Fine-Grained Tungsten Tailings

by Xiaowen Liu, Zeming Wu, Haisong He and Qing Xu

Sustainability 2024, 16(12), 5270; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16125270 - 20 Jun 2024

Viewed by 338

Abstract

With advancements in mineral processing technology, the disposal of fine-grained tailings has increasingly become a significant challenge. The geotextile tube method, characterized by its use of a permeable fabric and its cost-effectiveness, has gradually been applied in dam construction and other engineering projects [...] Read more.

With advancements in mineral processing technology, the disposal of fine-grained tailings has increasingly become a significant challenge. The geotextile tube method, characterized by its use of a permeable fabric and its cost-effectiveness, has gradually been applied in dam construction and other engineering projects involving tailings. This method offers a novel approach to addressing the storage issues of fine-grained tailings and promotes sustainable utilization. In this paper, the fine tailings that remained after the cyclone classification of Ganzhou tungsten ore were taken as the research object. Specifically, this research endeavored to evaluate the effects of various filling heights and concentrations on the geotextile tube-filling and consolidation process. The results revealed that the filling concentration had a significant impact on the filling benefit of the geotextile tubes, while the filling height had a minimal effect. During the consolidation drainage stage, the dry density, internal friction angle, cohesion, and compression modulus of the tailings in the bags increased with an increasing consolidation time and filling concentration. However, the physical and mechanical properties of the tailings in the geotextile tubes decreased with an increased filling height. Ultimately, this research developed a hyperbolic equation that makes it possible to forecast the ultimate settlement value at various filling heights and concentrations, better representing how the settlement of geotextile tubes changes over the consolidation time. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Soil Conservation and Sustainability)

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31 pages, 2452 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of CSR Implement Modes on Sustainable Supply Chain Pricing and Green Decision Making

by Wenxia Li, Linzhong Liu and Zhuo Li

Sustainability 2024, 16(12), 5269; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16125269 - 20 Jun 2024

Viewed by 431

Abstract

Green transformation is an effective way for supply chains to achieve sustainable development. In the heterogeneous substitute product coexistence environment, it is valuable to explore the motivation behind CSR implementation as well as the advantages and differences associated with different members’ CSR implementations. [...] Read more.

Green transformation is an effective way for supply chains to achieve sustainable development. In the heterogeneous substitute product coexistence environment, it is valuable to explore the motivation behind CSR implementation as well as the advantages and differences associated with different members’ CSR implementations. In this study, we consider that the manufacturer produces both green products and ordinary products that are substitutes for each other and construct a CSR-absence scenario (Model N), a retailer implementing CSR scenario (Model R), and a manufacturer implementing CSR scenario (Model M). Applying a game-theory-based method, we obtain the optimal pricing, green decision, and supply chain profit under different scenarios. We analyze the effects of consumers’ green preference, green product function coefficient, and CSR level on decision making and performance. Through comparison and numerical analysis, we find the following: (1) Although the CSR behaviors of the manufacturer and the retailer squeeze the market demand space of the ordinary products, the greenness of the green product increases, and the retail price decreases. This not only enhances the consumer surplus of green products but also increases the profit and social welfare of the supply chain system. (2) The eco-friendliness of green products, product demand, and social welfare levels are the highest when the retailer implements CSR, followed by when the manufacturer implements CSR, and are the lowest in the CSR-absence scenario. In addition, the following retailer can enhance both its and the manufacturer’s profits through implementing CSR within a reasonable range. (3) The numerical analysis results show that, when the functional attributes of the green products meet a certain level, supply chain members implementing CSR does not affect consumers’ choice of green products. Full article

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18 pages, 2549 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Use of a Composition of Bacterial Consortia and Living Mulch to Reduce Weeds in Organic Spring Barley Cultivation as an Element of Sustainable Plant Production

by Rafał Górski, Robert Rosa, Alicja Niewiadomska, Agnieszka Wolna-Maruwka, Katarzyna Głuchowska and Anna Płaza

Sustainability 2024, 16(12), 5268; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16125268 - 20 Jun 2024

Viewed by 416

Abstract

Weed infestation of cereal crops in organic farming is becoming a serious problem in agriculture. Sustainable agriculture requires the search for and implementation of crop management techniques that will reduce weeds without negatively impacting the environment. This research refers to the principles of [...] Read more.

Weed infestation of cereal crops in organic farming is becoming a serious problem in agriculture. Sustainable agriculture requires the search for and implementation of crop management techniques that will reduce weeds without negatively impacting the environment. This research refers to the principles of integrated plant protection in sustainable agriculture, allowing the use of chemical plant protection products to be limited to the absolute minimum. Technology for growing spring barley based on the use of bacterial consortia in combination with living mulch (LM) can be an interesting approach to this problem. The aim of this three-year field research was to determine the effects of bacterial consortia and LM on the level of weed infestation in the organic spring barley crop. Two factors were tested in the experiment: bacterial consortia factors: control (without bacterial consortia); 1—Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticum and Arthrobacter agilis; 2—Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Pseudomonas fluorescens; and LM: control (without LM); red clover; red clover + Italian ryegrass; and Italian ryegrass. This research demonstrated that the bacterial consortia tested significantly reduced both the biomass and number of weeds, including the following dominant weeds: Chenopodium album, Sinapis arvensis, Elymus repens, and Tripleurospermum inodorum. The use of LM also significantly reduced the weed infestation of spring barley stands. The lowest biomass and number of weeds, with the exception of Elymus repens, were recorded on objects with LM Italian ryegrass in spring barley in combination with bacterial consortium 2. The introduction of cultivation with LM Italian ryegrass or its mixture with red clover and the use of bacteria should be recommended for the practice of sustainable agriculture, which will reduce weeds through an ecological method. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Weeds Management in Sustainable Agriculture System)

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26 pages, 1648 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Catalyzing Green Identity and Sustainable Advantage in Tourism and Hotel Businesses

by Fahad Kamal Alsheref, Hazem Ahmed Khairy, Omar Alsetoohy, Osman Elsawy, Sameh Fayyad, Mahmoud Salama, Bassam Samir Al-Romeedy and Shimaa Abo Elsoad Mohamed Soliman

Sustainability 2024, 16(12), 5267; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16125267 - 20 Jun 2024

Viewed by 559

Abstract

Global environmental concerns necessitate a heightened focus on green practices by businesses to balance sustainability and profitability. Therefore, this study investigates the effects of green ambidexterity (GA), green organizational identity (GOI), and green internal marketing (GIM) on sustainable competitive advantage (SCA) in travel [...] Read more.

Global environmental concerns necessitate a heightened focus on green practices by businesses to balance sustainability and profitability. Therefore, this study investigates the effects of green ambidexterity (GA), green organizational identity (GOI), and green internal marketing (GIM) on sustainable competitive advantage (SCA) in travel agencies and hotels. The PLS-SEM approach was used to test the proposed model of the study. In total, 317 valid responses were gathered from full-time middle- and upper-management personnel of travel agencies category A and five-star hotels operating in Egypt. The findings revealed that GA positively impacts GOI, GIM, and SCA. Also, GOI and GIM positively impact SCA. In addition, GOI and GIM mediate the relationship between GA and SCA. The study advanced dynamic capability theory by emphasizing the importance of internal processes in harnessing sustainability-oriented dynamic capabilities. The study recognized the relationship between SCA, GOI, GIM, and GA and provided insightful implications on how businesses might develop and use their sustainability-related strengths. Full article

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15 pages, 2081 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Potential of Attapulgite/Humic Acid Composites for Remediation of Cd-Contaminated Soil

by Hanru Ren, Jun Ren, Ling Tao, Xuechang Ren, Yunmeng Li, Yuchen Jiang and Mairong Lv

Sustainability 2024, 16(12), 5266; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16125266 - 20 Jun 2024

Viewed by 472

Abstract

Stabilizing materials were prepared by different ratios of attapulgite/humic acid composites, and the optimum proportion for the remediation of Cd-polluted soils was found. The results suggested that the bioavailability of Cd in soil was decreased by the application of material prepared with humic [...] Read more.

Stabilizing materials were prepared by different ratios of attapulgite/humic acid composites, and the optimum proportion for the remediation of Cd-polluted soils was found. The results suggested that the bioavailability of Cd in soil was decreased by the application of material prepared with humic acid and attapulgite in a ratio of 1:5. CaCl₂-Cd, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA-Cd) and the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP-Cd) were reduced by 34.03%, 26.62% and 43.66%, and the ecological risk was depressed accordingly. The addition of stabilizing materials could transform the acid-soluble and reducible speciation to residue speciation, with a ratio of 1:5, significantly increasing the residue proportion of Cd in soil. The content of the residue state was increased by 63.13%, and the content of the acid-soluble state was significantly decreased by 34.10% compared with the control. The bioavailability, acid-soluble and reducible speciation of Cd had a highly negative correlation with the growth of corn, and the accumulation of Cd in corn had a significantly negative correlation with the residue speciation. Attapulgite/humic acid composites can reduce the bioavailability and increase the ratio of residue Cd in soil effectively, and they have the potential to remediate the pollution of heavy metals in soil. Full article

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14 pages, 3731 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Continuous Straw Returning Combined with Nitrogen Application Improve Soil Properties and Yield of Double Cropping Maize in Subtropical Regions

by Zhenwei Li, Kashif Khan, Li Yang, Yanqiong Pan and Xunbo Zhou

Sustainability 2024, 16(12), 5265; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16125265 - 20 Jun 2024

Viewed by 476

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the impact of straw returning (SR) combined with appropriate N application rates on soil properties and maize yield for a double cropping maize system in South China. From 2021 to 2022, a two-year field experiment was conducted (the [...] Read more.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of straw returning (SR) combined with appropriate N application rates on soil properties and maize yield for a double cropping maize system in South China. From 2021 to 2022, a two-year field experiment was conducted (the perennial orientation study began in 2018) with two nitrogen application rates, 0 kg ha⁻¹ (N0) and 250 kg ha⁻¹ (N250), under various straw treatments (SR and traditional planting). The findings revealed that SR, along with the nitrogen application of 250 kg ha⁻¹ (N250), increased soil total nitrogen (TN), soil total phosphorous (STP), and the soil total potassium (STK) content besides soil organic carbon (SOC) and labile organic carbon (LOC); similarly, their interaction improved SOC and LOC in the 0–20 cm soil layer. In addition, within the 20–40 cm soil layer, SR and N250 also increased the soil TN, SOC, LOC, STP, and STK content. Notably, these soil properties exhibited a decrease with increasing soil depth. Furthermore, SR and N250 led to improvements in the grain yield and yield component of maize. Combining SR with N250 led to a significant 101.53% increase in SOC content from 2018 to 2022. Our research indicates that implementing N rates of 250 kg ha⁻¹ under SR is an effective method to boost maize grain yield, enhance soil chemical characteristics, and ensure safe and productive maize cultivation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Water–Fertilizer Utilization and Sustainable Agriculture)

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16 pages, 282 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sustainable Practices in Manufacturing SMEs: The Importance of Technological Collaboration between Supply Chain Partners

by Cristina López-Cózar-Navarro, Tiziana Priede-Bergamini and Diego Cuello-de-Oro-Celestino

Sustainability 2024, 16(12), 5264; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16125264 - 20 Jun 2024

Viewed by 537

Abstract

The development of new technologies within Industry 4.0 (I4.0) may serve as a catalyst in the development of sustainable practices (SP), particularly in the case of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). This paper contributes to the literature by examining the development of technological [...] Read more.

The development of new technologies within Industry 4.0 (I4.0) may serve as a catalyst in the development of sustainable practices (SP), particularly in the case of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). This paper contributes to the literature by examining the development of technological collaboration agreements between supply chain partners as an influence factor that may impact the environmental commitment of SMEs. Specifically, we study whether the type of partner within the supply chain impacts a firm’s spending or its investment decision toward SP. To that end, we propose an analysis model that considers supplier and customer relationships separately, and the SP measure to be taken distinguishing between expenses and investments. Additionally, empirical research comprising descriptive statistics and econometrics using the regression technique has been conducted on a sample of 1808 Spanish industrial firms. Our results confirm that there are significant differences between SMEs and large companies when developing SP, and that these SP in SMEs depend on the chosen partner and measure. Finally, we offer our main conclusions, as well as relevant recommendations for managers, public administrators, suppliers, and customers, who are essential players in the I4.0 revolution and are under social pressure to promote sustainable development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue SMEs in Industry 4.0: Collaborative Networks in the Value Chain and Sustainable Development)

25 pages, 604 KiB

Open AccessArticle

DEMATEL-Based ANP Model for Identifying Critical Indicators in Sustainable Emergency Material Reserve Systems

by Jiajian Huang, Longfei Li, Peng Jiang and Siqi Zhang

Sustainability 2024, 16(12), 5263; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16125263 - 20 Jun 2024

Viewed by 446

Abstract

Sustainable Emergency Material Reserve Systems (SEMRSs) are complex frameworks comprising three types of reserves, namely, physical, capacity, and agreement reserves, and involve various stakeholders such as local governments and enterprises. However, multiple stockpiling methods have not been considered in investigations on the influencing [...] Read more.

Sustainable Emergency Material Reserve Systems (SEMRSs) are complex frameworks comprising three types of reserves, namely, physical, capacity, and agreement reserves, and involve various stakeholders such as local governments and enterprises. However, multiple stockpiling methods have not been considered in investigations on the influencing factors and inter-factor relationships within an emergency material stockpiling system. In this study, we achieved consensus through a questionnaire, established an evaluation system encompassing various reserve methods and participating entities, and delineated the key factors affecting SEMRSs while analyzing their causal relationships using the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory–based analytic network process. Results reveal that (1) local governments and participating enterprises play crucial roles in ensuring the sustainable supply of emergency provisions; (2) the capacity to guarantee emergency funds serves as a pivotal link among all key influencing factors, emergency funds should be augmented, and the utilization of contingency funds should be rationalized; and (3) the integration of physical, production capacity, and agreed stockpiling methods in the emergency reserve system requires enhancement, and the incorporation of capital reserves should be considered as part of the stockpiling strategy. These insights hold significant implications for refining emergency stockpiling practices and fostering the development of SEMRSs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Economic and Business Aspects of Sustainability)

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25 pages, 7016 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Spatial Distribution and Type Division of Traditional Villages in Zhejiang Province

by Yinhe Chen and Rui Li

Sustainability 2024, 16(12), 5262; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16125262 - 20 Jun 2024

Viewed by 444

Abstract

Exploring the spatial distribution and type characteristics of traditional villages is crucial for promoting their protection and sustainable development. This article used the average nearest neighbor index, imbalance index, kernel density, standard deviation ellipse, and cluster analysis to analyze the overall distribution characteristics [...] Read more.

Exploring the spatial distribution and type characteristics of traditional villages is crucial for promoting their protection and sustainable development. This article used the average nearest neighbor index, imbalance index, kernel density, standard deviation ellipse, and cluster analysis to analyze the overall distribution characteristics of traditional villages in Zhejiang Province and completed the classification of traditional village types and distribution areas in Zhejiang Province. The results indicate that traditional villages in Zhejiang Province exhibit a clustered and unbalanced distribution in space. They tend to be located below an altitude of 200 m, within 500 m of the river system, with terrain undulations of 20–200 m, 10–30 km away from county-level administrative centers, and 0–3 km away from main roads but with sparse road networks. Based on the comprehensive influence of geographical elements in the geographical environment of traditional villages, traditional villages in Zhejiang Province can be divided into five types. Based on the spatial distribution and type characteristics of traditional villages in Zhejiang Province, distribution areas of traditional villages in Zhejiang Province can be divided into six types. Finally, corresponding protection and development suggestions were proposed. These results can enrich the research content of traditional villages in Zhejiang Province and provide theoretical support for the protection and sustainable development of traditional villages. Full article

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20 pages, 14864 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Uncovering the Research Hotspots in Supply Chain Risk Management from 2004 to 2023: A Bibliometric Analysis

by Tianyi Ding and Zongsheng Huang

Sustainability 2024, 16(12), 5261; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16125261 - 20 Jun 2024

Viewed by 620

Abstract

As globalization deepens, factors such as the COVID-19 pandemic and geopolitical tensions have intricately complexified supply chain risks, underscoring the escalating significance of adept risk management. This study elucidates the evolution, pivotal research foci, and emergent trends in supply chain risk management over [...] Read more.

As globalization deepens, factors such as the COVID-19 pandemic and geopolitical tensions have intricately complexified supply chain risks, underscoring the escalating significance of adept risk management. This study elucidates the evolution, pivotal research foci, and emergent trends in supply chain risk management over the past two decades through a multifaceted lens. Utilizing bibliometric tools CiteSpace and HistCite, we dissected the historical contours, dynamic topics, and novel trends within this domain. Our findings reveal a sustained fervor in research activity, marked by extensive scientific collaboration over the past 20 years. Distinct research hotspots have surfaced intermittently, featuring 20 domains, 62 keywords, and 60 citation bursts. Keyword clustering identified seven nascent research subfields, including stochastic planning, game theory, and risk management strategies. Furthermore, reference clustering pinpointed five contemporary focal areas: robust optimization, supply chain resilience, blockchain technology, supply chain finance, and Industry 4.0. This review delineates the scholarly landscape from 2004 to 2023, uncovering the latest research hotspots and developmental trajectories in supply chain risk management through a bibliometric analysis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Economic and Business Aspects of Sustainability)

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20 pages, 7108 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Generalized-Norm-Based Robustness Evaluation Model of Bus Network under Snowy Weather

by Yadan Yan, Bohui Su and Zhiju Chen

Sustainability 2024, 16(12), 5260; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16125260 - 20 Jun 2024

Viewed by 420

Abstract

Global climate change leads to frequent extreme snowfall weather, which has a significant impact on the safety and operating efficiency of urban public transportation. In order to cope with the adverse effects of extreme weather, governments should vigorously develop sustainable transportation. Since urban [...] Read more.

Global climate change leads to frequent extreme snowfall weather, which has a significant impact on the safety and operating efficiency of urban public transportation. In order to cope with the adverse effects of extreme weather, governments should vigorously develop sustainable transportation. Since urban public transportation is a critical component of building a sustainable city, traffic management departments should quantitatively analyze the performance changes of the urban public transportation network under extreme weather conditions. Therefore, fully considering the comprehensive effects of network performance and topology to improve the robustness of urban public transportation systems requires more attention. The urban public transport network with high robustness can achieve fewer recovery costs, lower additional bus scheduling costs, and achieve the sustainable development of the public transport network. Considering the impact of travelers’ travel time tolerance and in-vehicle space congestion tolerance under snowy conditions, this paper proposes a generalized-norm-based robustness evaluation model of the bus network. Example analyses are conducted using checkerboard and ring-radial topological network structures to verify the applicability of the proposed model. The results show the following: (1) In an extreme snowfall scenario, the robustness of checkerboard and ring-radiating bus networks is reduced by 38% and 39%, respectively. (2) In the checkerboard network, the central area units are always more important to the system robustness than the peripheral units, while, in the ring-radial network, the units with higher importance are all in the ring line. (3) The failure of Ring Line 5 has a great impact on both the checkerboard and ring-radial networks, causing the system robustness to decrease by 43% and 50%, respectively. Full article

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16 pages, 1091 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Can Companies Assess Sustainable Manufacturing Practice?

by Joosung Lee and Elena Kazakova

Sustainability 2024, 16(12), 5259; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16125259 - 20 Jun 2024

Viewed by 732

Abstract

While firms actively try to adopt sustainable manufacturing practices, no assessment framework has been readily available for them to measure and manage their production efforts for sustainability. In this study, an assessment framework for a firm’s sustainable manufacturing is developed, and applied to [...] Read more.

While firms actively try to adopt sustainable manufacturing practices, no assessment framework has been readily available for them to measure and manage their production efforts for sustainability. In this study, an assessment framework for a firm’s sustainable manufacturing is developed, and applied to the case of a major chemical company in Korea. Detailed assessment criteria are proposed based on reviews of the latest literature, and the scoring results of the company are presented. In addition to resource saving and environmental sustainability, the socio-economic impacts of the manufacturing industry are captured and evaluated in the framework. The case study and assessment results show that the company has innovative technologies and management practices, while it must still achieve larger-scale outcomes in environmental as well as social dimensions. This paper further contributes to advancing sustainable manufacturing by demonstrating a method for measuring a firm’s status with respect to sustainable manufacturing and a concrete case for other companies to utilize in their initiatives in this area. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Economic and Business Aspects of Sustainability)

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17 pages, 646 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Shared Mobility and India’s Generation Z: Environmental Consciousness, Risks, and Attitudes

by Swathi Palanichamy, Priyakrushna Mohanty and James Kennell

Sustainability 2024, 16(12), 5258; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16125258 - 20 Jun 2024

Viewed by 680

Abstract

Shared mobility platforms have built scalable digital marketplaces that facilitate the allocation and sharing of transportation and promote sustainable urban travel. Generation Z’s attitude toward shared consumption is closely linked to their perceptions of the importance of sustainability. This study identifies Generation Z’s [...] Read more.

Shared mobility platforms have built scalable digital marketplaces that facilitate the allocation and sharing of transportation and promote sustainable urban travel. Generation Z’s attitude toward shared consumption is closely linked to their perceptions of the importance of sustainability. This study identifies Generation Z’s awareness of shared mobility platforms in India and the factors that influence their use. Data were collected from 318 respondents from Generation Z in India and analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling. Findings indicate that Generation Z’s intention to use shared mobility is influenced by environmental consciousness, social aspects, economic benefits, and perceived risks. Results also show that perceived risks have an indirect effect on intention, which is mediated by attitude. The novel conceptual model developed and tested in this research can be used to inform policies and business models for the adoption of shared mobility services for Generation Z, ultimately promoting more sustainable transportation systems and improved urban mobility. Full article

(This article belongs to the Collection Sustainability in Urban Transportation Planning)

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28 pages, 7723 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Demystifying Heavy Metals and Physicochemical Characteristics of Groundwater in a Volcano-Tectonic Region of Middle Awash, Ethiopia, for Multipurpose Use

by Yosef Abebe, Taye Alemayehu, Behailu Birhanu, Tena Alamirew and Esayas Alemayehu

Sustainability 2024, 16(12), 5257; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16125257 - 20 Jun 2024

Viewed by 646

Abstract

This study investigates the concentrations of physicochemical and heavy metal contaminants in the groundwater of the Middle Awash Basin, Ethiopia, to inform targeted water management strategies. A total of 32 groundwater samples were collected from 16 stations via piezometers and boreholes at the [...] Read more.

This study investigates the concentrations of physicochemical and heavy metal contaminants in the groundwater of the Middle Awash Basin, Ethiopia, to inform targeted water management strategies. A total of 32 groundwater samples were collected from 16 stations via piezometers and boreholes at the end of both the dry (June 2021) and wet (October 2021) seasons. Utilizing Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), and in situ metering, 22 physicochemical and 24 heavy metal parameters were analyzed. The data revealed significant levels of contamination; notably, sample GW11 had extraordinarily high concentrations of total dissolved solids (10,826 mg/L), strontium (908 µg/L), molybdenum (802.4 µg/L), zinc (6060 µg/L), and electrical conductivity (15,645 µS/cm), while GW12 exhibited elevated levels of aluminum (2615 µg/L), zinc (4446 µg/L), and arsenic (117.2 µg/L). Contaminants such as arsenic, vanadium, gallium, lithium, rubidium, chromium, manganese, copper, and zinc were found enriched in groundwater near Lake Beseka, majorly influenced by geogenic activities, volcanic ash, and weathering of rocks. The sampled waters might be affected by human activities including agricultural runoff from sugarcane plantations, sugar factories wastewaters, and agro-industry activities (decade’s activities). Over half of the groundwater sources were unsuitable for drinking, posing significant health risks to local communities that rely heavily on these sources due to limited access to clean surface water. The findings emphasize the urgent need for comprehensive groundwater management and remediation plans in the Middle Awash region to ensure safe and sustainable water use, particularly addressing the variation in contamination levels influenced by Lake Beseka. These measures are critical to protect public health and support local development in the face of ongoing environmental and anthropogenic pressures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Water Management)

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14 pages, 3412 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Optimization Design of Indoor Environmental Ventilation in Buildings Based on Improved SVR-PSO Model

by Mengmeng Han, Chunxiao Zhang, Sihui Yin, Jingjing Jia and Chulsoo Kim

Sustainability 2024, 16(12), 5256; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16125256 - 20 Jun 2024

Viewed by 559

Abstract

As the growth of society and the continuous upgrading of people’s living standards increase, people’s requirements for indoor environment are also increasing. To optimize the ventilation methods inside buildings, a numerical simulation method was used to construct numerical simulations of airflow organization and [...] Read more.

As the growth of society and the continuous upgrading of people’s living standards increase, people’s requirements for indoor environment are also increasing. To optimize the ventilation methods inside buildings, a numerical simulation method was used to construct numerical simulations of airflow organization and aerosol diffusion, and based on this model, better ventilation methods were determined. To optimize the determined better ventilation method, a multi-constraint optimization model was constructed using infection probability, thermal comfort, energy utilization coefficient, and velocity non-uniformity coefficient. The ventilation method was optimized through multi-objective constraints. To solve the optimization model, an optimized particle swarm algorithm was studied and designed. The results showed that under the “air rain” flow field, the maximum values of aerosol particles at the human body, bed surface, and outlet were 171, 769, and 19,973, respectively, while the minimum values were 4, 169, and 2197, respectively. The “air rain” flow field is a better ventilation method. The maximum and minimum values of the original non-uniformity coefficient were 0.44 and 0.08, respectively. After optimization by the particle swarm optimization algorithm, the maximum and minimum predicted non-uniformity coefficients were 0.457 and 0.08, respectively. The original value and predicted value are very close. The numerical model and algorithm constructed by the research institute are effective. The algorithm designed by the research institute can provide technical support for multi-objective optimization of indoor ventilation methods. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability-Focused Design, Technology, Organization and Management in Energy-Efficient Construction)

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20 pages, 2136 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Quantity Prediction of Construction and Demolition Waste Using Weighted Combined Grey Theory and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Model

by Yuan Fang, Xinyi Shi, Yuan Chen and Jialiang He

Sustainability 2024, 16(12), 5255; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16125255 - 20 Jun 2024

Viewed by 508

Abstract

With rapid urban development, the “waste-free city” concept has emerged. Therefore, the accurate prediction of the amount of C&D waste is of great importance. However, many countries and regions, including China, have not yet established C&D waste databases and standard prediction methods. This [...] Read more.

With rapid urban development, the “waste-free city” concept has emerged. Therefore, the accurate prediction of the amount of C&D waste is of great importance. However, many countries and regions, including China, have not yet established C&D waste databases and standard prediction methods. This study proposed a method using a weighted combination of the grey theory model (GM) and the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model to predict the quantity of urban C&D waste in the future. Based on a case study in Guangzhou, this study compared the prediction results of three prediction models, namely the GM, the ARIMA, and the proposed weighted combined model of the GM and the ARIMA (GM-ARIMA). The results of this study proved that the proposed combined GM-ARIMA model had a better predictive performance than both the separated models. The mean absolute percentage errors (MAPE) of the GM and ARIMA models were 12.11% and 14.26%, respectively, whereas the proposed GM-ARIMA model had a lower MAPE (8.5%). This study found that the generation of C&D waste in Guangzhou will continue to grow steadily. From 2024 to 2035, the quantity of C&D waste is expected to reach 850 million tons cumulatively, with an annual growth rate of 7.1%. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Sustainability and Applications)

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28 pages, 15253 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Response of Sustainable Solar Photovoltaic Power Output to Summer Heatwave Events in Northern China

by Zifan Huang, Zexia Duan, Yichi Zhang and Tianbo Ji

Sustainability 2024, 16(12), 5254; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16125254 - 20 Jun 2024

Viewed by 459

Abstract

Understanding the resilience of photovoltaic (PV) systems to extreme weather, such as heatwaves, is crucial for advancing sustainable energy solutions. Although previous studies have often focused on forecasting PV power output or assessing the impact of geographical variations, the dynamic response of PV [...] Read more.

Understanding the resilience of photovoltaic (PV) systems to extreme weather, such as heatwaves, is crucial for advancing sustainable energy solutions. Although previous studies have often focused on forecasting PV power output or assessing the impact of geographical variations, the dynamic response of PV power outputs to extreme climate events still remains highly uncertain. Utilizing the PV power data and meteorological parameters recorded at 15 min intervals from 1 July 2018 to 13 June 2019 in Hebei Province, this study investigates the spatiotemporal characteristics of the PV power output and its response to heatwaves. Solar radiation and air temperature are pivotal in enhancing PV power output by approximately 30% during heatwave episodes, highlighting the significant contribution of PV systems to energy supplies under extreme climate conditions. Furthermore, this study systematically evaluates the performance of Random Forest (RF), Decision Tree Regression (DTR), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM), Deep Belief Network (DBN), and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) models under both summer heatwave and non-heatwave conditions. The findings indicate that the RF and LightGBM models exhibit higher predictive accuracy and relative stability under heatwave conditions, with an R2 exceeding 0.98, with both an RMSE and MAE below 0.47 MW and 0.24 MW, respectively. This work not only reveals the potential of machine learning to enhance our understanding of climate–energy interplay but also contributes valuable insights for the formulation of adaptive strategies, which are critical for advancing sustainable energy solutions in the face of climate change. Full article

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25 pages, 10477 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Pathway to Sustainability in a Mass Tourism Destination: The Case of Lanzarote

by Héctor Fernández, Patricia Picazo and Sergio Moreno Gil

Sustainability 2024, 16(12), 5253; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16125253 - 20 Jun 2024

Viewed by 479

Abstract

This article delves into the unique evolution of Lanzarote as a benchmark for sustainable tourism. It examines how the island’s cultural values and political influences have shaped its sustainable tourism model over the last 50 years. This study utilizes a review of academic [...] Read more.

This article delves into the unique evolution of Lanzarote as a benchmark for sustainable tourism. It examines how the island’s cultural values and political influences have shaped its sustainable tourism model over the last 50 years. This study utilizes a review of academic literature on tourism sustainability and case studies, emphasising the need for a conceptual and analytical framework. By analysing Lanzarote’s sustainable practices and challenges, this article highlights the island’s paradoxical status as both a mass tourism hub and a sustainable destination, led by the artist César Manrique’s visionary approach, which seamlessly integrates art and nature while providing a blueprint for sustainable tourism. Key milestones and achievements are identified, such as UNESCO’s designation of the entire island as a Biosphere Reserve in 1993, showcasing Lanzarote’s governance approach to balancing economic, socio-cultural, and environmental sustainability. The findings underscore Lanzarote’s role as an international benchmark in sustainable tourism, offering insights and lessons applicable to other destinations. The article concludes that Lanzarote’s sustained commitment to social awareness and natural resource protection continues to address global challenges, serving as a reference for sustainable development in island tourism destinations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Tourism, Culture, and Heritage)

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14 pages, 913 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of Natural Disasters on Corporate ESG Performance: Evidence from China

by Lulu Huang and Qiannan Liu

Sustainability 2024, 16(12), 5252; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16125252 - 20 Jun 2024

Viewed by 479

Abstract

Over the past decades, the frequency and economic losses from natural disasters have continued to escalate globally. Disasters pose significant challenges to global sustainable economic and social development. As a critical part of the economy, a firm’s ESG performance is a key indicator [...] Read more.

Over the past decades, the frequency and economic losses from natural disasters have continued to escalate globally. Disasters pose significant challenges to global sustainable economic and social development. As a critical part of the economy, a firm’s ESG performance is a key indicator of sustainability. Whereas the determinants of firms’ ESG (environmental, social, and governance) performance have gained growing attention, limited research focuses on the impact of natural disasters on ESG performance. This paper provides the first empirical study on the short-, medium-, and long-term impacts of natural disasters on firms’ ESG performance through the lensof earthquakes. By exploiting a difference-in-differences approach based on panel data of Chinese listed firms and a dataset of seismic events, this paper shows that earthquakes have a significant positive impact on affected firms’ ESG performance, with short-term positive effects on environmental and social performance and long-term positive effects on social and governance performance. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the positive effects are more pronounced for state-owned firms, relatively smaller firms, and firms located in cities with frequent earthquake occurrences. This study highlights the distinct temporal effects on different ESG dimensions and provides new insights for policymakers to employ ESG practices to alleviate the negative effects of disasters. Full article

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26 pages, 6592 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Beyond Industry 4.0: Tracing the Path to Industry 5.0 through Bibliometric Analysis

by Alexandra Nicoleta Ciucu-Durnoi, Camelia Delcea, Aurelia Stănescu, Cosmin Alexandru Teodorescu and Vanesa Mădălina Vargas

Sustainability 2024, 16(12), 5251; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16125251 - 20 Jun 2024

Viewed by 531

Abstract

The rapid advancement of technology has led to significant milestones in industrial progress, surpassing previous capabilities and presenting new challenges for adaptation. The current phase of industrial revolutions is characterized by accelerated technological development, particularly in automation and digitalization. For instance, the global [...] Read more.

The rapid advancement of technology has led to significant milestones in industrial progress, surpassing previous capabilities and presenting new challenges for adaptation. The current phase of industrial revolutions is characterized by accelerated technological development, particularly in automation and digitalization. For instance, the global industrial robotics market was valued at approximately USD 43.0 billion in 2022 and is projected to reach USD 70.6 billion by 2028. The integration of human labor alongside robotic machinery, though a tangible reality, may still seem abstract in certain regions. Despite the recent announcement of the fourth industrial revolution, Industry 5.0 has quickly emerged as the new standard toward which industries aspire. This study performs a bibliometric analysis of articles published between 2020 and 2023 that explores the implications of these two industrial revolutions and the transition between them. Using the Clarivate Analytics’ Web of Science Core Collection, the study identifies 154 articles using the Biblioshiny package in R, which simultaneously discuss Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0 within their titles, abstracts, or keywords. An impressive annual growth rate of 119.47% among the published papers included in the dataset underlines the interest of the research community in this field. Additionally, key findings include the identification of prominent sources, prolific authors, highly cited articles and their content, as well as common research themes explored across the analyzed papers. Among the most relevant sources in terms of the number of publications, the journal Sustainability plays a key role, holding the first position, followed by Applied Sciences, and Sensors. In terms of motor themes, digital transformation, artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and smart manufacturing have been found to play a key role. As a result, the present research contributes to understanding the rapid evolution from Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0, highlighting key trends, influential research, and emerging themes that are shaping the future of industrial advancements. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Sustainable Techniques and Technologies for Industry 5.0)

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28 pages, 665 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Key Sustainable Strategies Criteria for Effective Human Resource Management Practices

by Ahmed Khalid Alrashedi

Sustainability 2024, 16(12), 5250; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16125250 - 20 Jun 2024

Viewed by 814

Abstract

The management of an organization’s human resources is the first stage in the governance process for any operation. This present study examines the strategies employed in Saudi Arabia for establishing effective governance through the implementation of human resource management practices and the key [...] Read more.

The management of an organization’s human resources is the first stage in the governance process for any operation. This present study examines the strategies employed in Saudi Arabia for establishing effective governance through the implementation of human resource management practices and the key sustainable strategies criteria for effective human resource management practices. This step is considered crucial in governance as it involves the selection of highly qualified individuals who are expected to contribute to the achievement of optimal governance outcomes and the overall well-being of the population within a nation, as well as the key criteria involved. A qualitative research methodology and a decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) were utilized with a sample of 31 participants from eight government ministries and fourteen companies in Saudi Arabia. The study’s findings, from the qualitative interviews, exert four key criteria influencing effective human resource sustainable management practices. “Cultural reflection” is the most important long-term goal of Saudi Arabia’s HRM initiatives, found from the DEMATEL evaluation, with three criteria presenting values of 7.9181, 8.2294, 8.1961, all above the threshold value of 7.783599781. This means that HR professionals should take the time to study and evaluate the cultural dynamics in their workplace in order to promote cultural introspection and understanding of cultural differences. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Effect of Sustainable HR Practices on Sustainable Careers)

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19 pages, 1220 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Examining How Urban Public Spaces and Virtual Spaces Affect Public Opinion in Beijing, China

by Lingfang Shao, Zhengxian Liu and Zijin Zhou

Sustainability 2024, 16(12), 5249; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16125249 - 20 Jun 2024

Viewed by 481

Abstract

Urban public spaces significantly influence public perceptions and experiences. This study, conducted in Beijing, China, employs structural equation modeling (SEM) and Friedman testing to analyze key criteria—safety, attractiveness, facilities, activities, and social environment—that impact perceptions of both virtual and physical public spaces. The [...] Read more.

Urban public spaces significantly influence public perceptions and experiences. This study, conducted in Beijing, China, employs structural equation modeling (SEM) and Friedman testing to analyze key criteria—safety, attractiveness, facilities, activities, and social environment—that impact perceptions of both virtual and physical public spaces. The findings reveal that attractiveness is the most influential criterion, significantly shaping public opinion. Facilities and activities follow, highlighting the necessity for well-equipped amenities and engaging social activities. The social environment also plays a crucial role, emphasizing the need for spaces that foster social interactions. Safety, while important, is less influential compared to the other criteria. These results underscore the importance of aesthetic considerations, well-equipped amenities, and vibrant social environments in urban design. This study provides actionable insights for urban designers and planners, advocating for a balanced approach that prioritizes these criteria to enhance the quality of life in urban areas. By focusing on these aspects, urban planners can create more effective and satisfying public spaces that meet the diverse needs of the community, ensuring that both physical and virtual spaces contribute positively to urban living. Full article

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14 pages, 1489 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Crisis-Induced Online Shift on Student Academic Preferences: Insights for Education Institutions to Develop Equitable and Sustainable Learning Models

by Nitza Davidovitch and Eyal Eckhaus

Sustainability 2024, 16(12), 5248; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16125248 - 20 Jun 2024

Viewed by 530

Abstract

It has been five years since the COVID-19 pandemic began in 2019, forcing universities to hastily adopt online teaching. This study focuses on two under-researched topics: whether the shift online may change universities’ model to not require physical attendance and how students’ socioeconomic [...] Read more.

It has been five years since the COVID-19 pandemic began in 2019, forcing universities to hastily adopt online teaching. This study focuses on two under-researched topics: whether the shift online may change universities’ model to not require physical attendance and how students’ socioeconomic status impacts their preferences around online versus in-person learning. The research hypotheses suggest that undergoing an online teaching experience positively influences preferences for online teaching, which in turn impacts the desire for institutional changes toward an online environment. Based on 1854 questionnaires completed at several academic institutions, we employed a mixed methods design. We performed Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) followed by Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to test the models’ goodness of fit and presented the Online Teaching Preference and Socioeconomic Effect (OTPSE) model. The findings show that students who felt their teaching improved through online classes preferred this format and chose universities without mandatory on-campus classes. Additionally, students from higher/middle socioeconomic backgrounds exhibited a greater preference for online learning than those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. Overall, the results suggest that higher education leaders need thorough discussions on the topic. These findings may be valuable for education managers and policymakers when considering the implementation of sustainable education strategies, including the integration of online teaching methods. By understanding students’ preferences and the factors that influence their choices, education managers can develop effective strategies to promote sustainable development in education systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploring Education Management Strategies for Sustainable Development)

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15 pages, 10119 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Modeling and Analysis of a Novel Levitation Magnet with Damping Coils for High-Speed Maglev Train

by Shanqiang Fu, Zigang Deng, Weitao Han, Xinmai Gao and Ying Zhou

Sustainability 2024, 16(12), 5247; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16125247 - 20 Jun 2024

Viewed by 383

Abstract

In this work, a novel levitation magnet with damping coil is proposed to address the existing issues and improve reliability. The fault mechanism of the existing magnet is analyzed and validated using a coupling model combined with inductive voltage experiments. The magnetic yoke [...] Read more.

In this work, a novel levitation magnet with damping coil is proposed to address the existing issues and improve reliability. The fault mechanism of the existing magnet is analyzed and validated using a coupling model combined with inductive voltage experiments. The magnetic yoke with damping coils is designed and the equivalent magnetic circuit (EMC) model of the magnet is established. The nonlinearity of magnetic materials and the magnetic flux fluctuation due to the tooth-slot effect are considered in the EMC model. Simultaneously, the transient finite element (FEM) model is built. The magnetic flux of yoke, the inductive current of the damping coil, and the magnetic force are analyzed. A good agreement is found between EMC and FEM. Additionally, the static magnetic force is tested on the magnet test platform to validate EMC and FEM models. Results reveal that compared with the existing magnet, the magnetic flux fluctuation with damping coils is significantly reduced, and the inductive voltages with the damping coil are significantly decreased. The novel magnet with damping coils featuring excellent magnetic characteristics is more advantageous for the system’s security and durability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Transportation)

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20 pages, 5880 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sinkhole Risk-Based Sensor Placement for Leakage Localization in Water Distribution Networks with a Data-Driven Approach

by Gabriele Medio, Giada Varra, Çağrı Alperen İnan, Luca Cozzolino and Renata Della Morte

Sustainability 2024, 16(12), 5246; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16125246 - 20 Jun 2024

Viewed by 672

Abstract

Leakages from damaged or deteriorated buried pipes in urban water distribution networks may cause significant socio-economic and environmental impacts, such as depletion of water resources and sinkhole events. Sinkholes are often caused by internal erosion and fluidization of the soil surrounding leaking pipes, [...] Read more.

Leakages from damaged or deteriorated buried pipes in urban water distribution networks may cause significant socio-economic and environmental impacts, such as depletion of water resources and sinkhole events. Sinkholes are often caused by internal erosion and fluidization of the soil surrounding leaking pipes, with the formation of soil cavities that may eventually collapse. This in turn causes road disruption and building foundation damage, with possible victims. While the loss of precious water resources is a well-known problem, less attention has been paid to anthropogenic sinkhole events generated by leakages in water distribution systems. With a view to improving urban smart resilience and sustainability of urban areas, this study introduces an innovative framework to localize leakages based on a Machine learning model (for the training and evaluation of candidate sets of pressure sensors) and a Genetic algorithm (for the optimal sensor set positioning) with the goal of detecting and mitigating potential hydrogeological urban disruption due to water leakage in the most sensitive/critical locations. The application of the methodology on a synthetic case study from literature and a real-world case scenario shows that the methodology also contributes to reducing the depletion of water resources. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Flood Resilience Integrating AI and Hydraulic and Horologic Modeling)

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15 pages, 1810 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analysis of Commuting Habits and Perceived Risks: An Empirical Case Study in a Large Spanish Company

by Cosme Fernández, Francisco Alonso, Francisco Tortosa and Mireia Faus

Sustainability 2024, 16(12), 5245; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16125245 - 20 Jun 2024

Viewed by 395

Abstract

Commuting road accidents have a direct impact on workers as well as companies. Therefore, analyzing the characteristics of commuting to and from work and workers’ perceptions of their potential risk is necessary. This study analyzes these factors in a sample of employees in [...] Read more.

Commuting road accidents have a direct impact on workers as well as companies. Therefore, analyzing the characteristics of commuting to and from work and workers’ perceptions of their potential risk is necessary. This study analyzes these factors in a sample of employees in a large Spanish company. A questionnaire was distributed to a total of 665 workers, assessing variables such as means of transport used and preferred in this type of commuting, perceived risks, assessment of preventive measures, involvement in a road accident during commuting, and road safety training received by the company, among others. There is a difference between preferred and used modes of transport, with factors limiting the use of soft modes. People who have experienced an accident on the way to work have a higher risk perception of this type of journey. The time and distance of the journey also have a significant influence on the perceived risk. The most highly rated preventive actions are mainly related to the accessibility and comfort of the workers’ daily commute, which helps minimize the time spent on journeys. This analysis provides relevant information on the social acceptability of different measures for the development and implementation of future actions of the prevention services that contribute to reducing this type of accident and designing strategies to promote more sustainable commuting mobility. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Policies, Strategies, and Interventions to Promote Sustainable Mode Shift for Commuting Trips in the Urban Environment)

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19 pages, 5324 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Utilization of Natural Soils as a Remediation Method for Electric Arc Furnace and Ladle Slags

by Bilal Korkmaz and Asli Yalcin Dayioglu

Sustainability 2024, 16(12), 5244; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16125244 - 20 Jun 2024

Viewed by 512

Abstract

Steel slags are solid residual materials formed as by-products throughout the process of steel production within the steelmaking industry. These wastes have good physical properties such as high stiffness and friction angle for use as road fill materials or in geotechnical applications. However, [...] Read more.

Steel slags are solid residual materials formed as by-products throughout the process of steel production within the steelmaking industry. These wastes have good physical properties such as high stiffness and friction angle for use as road fill materials or in geotechnical applications. However, the presence of heavy metals and high alkalinity levels constitute significant environmental hazards and set limitations on using slags in engineering applications. While there have been investigations into the mechanical characteristics of steel slags, research on assessing potential harm when utilizing the materials in engineering applications is rare. This study examines the mitigation methods to address the environmental problems associated with steel slags. To do this, two different steel slags with different production techniques were treated with soils of different properties such as fine and coarse sand, bentonite, kaolin, and natural clay. The pH and electrical conductivity (EC) values of pure steel slags were determined using the water leach test (WLT). Variations in pH and EC values of steel slags subjected to treatment were evaluated through both WLT and sequential water leach (SWLT) tests. As a result, the high strength, stiffness, and drainage capability of EAF and LS steel slags make these materials suitable for road filling. This is further backed by their soaked and unsoaked CBR values. During the water leach tests, notable decreases in pH were observed with a 60% natural clay (NC) solution, resulting in a decrease of 1.2 and 0.7 in EAF and LS, respectively. The addition of sand had a negligible impact on pH due to its inert characteristics. Moreover, in sequential water leach tests, the most significant decrease in pH was observed with NC (with a reduction of 2.0 points for EAF and 0.9 points for LS) through enhanced ion exchange and extended periods of dilution and buffering. Also, the use of NC resulted in substantial decreases in EC for EAF and LS, with reductions of 77% and 81%, respectively. Moreover, heavy metal concentrations in leachate waters from pure steel slags have been detected, and the effect of treatment on aluminum and iron concentrations has been determined. The results indicate that the use of natural soil significantly drops the pH and lowers the trace metal concentrations within the leachate. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Sustainable Recycling and Reuse of Industrial By-Products or Waste from Geo-Resource Exploitation)

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